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Laufey
Laufey (Old Norse: ) or Nál is a figure in Norse mythology and the mother of Loki. The latter is frequently mentioned by the matronymic ''Loki Laufeyjarson'' (Old Norse 'Loki Laufey's son') in the ''Poetic Edda'', rather than the expected traditional patronymic Loki ''Fárbautason'' ('son of Fárbauti'), in a mythology where kinship is usually reckoned through male ancestry. Name The meaning of the Old Norse name ''Laufey'' is unclear, but it is generally taken to be related to ''lauf'' ('leaves, foliage'), perhaps attached to the suffix -''ey'' (found in female personal names like ''Bjargey'', ''Þórey)'', or deriving from an hypothetical tree-goddess named ''*lauf-awiaz'' ('the leafy'). Since the name of her spouse ''Fárbauti'' means "dangerous hitter", a possible natural mythological interpretation has been proposed by some scholars, with lightning hitting the leaves, or needles of a tree to give rise to fire. Attestations In ''Gylfaginning'' ('The Beguiling of Gylfi'), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loki
Loki is a god in Norse mythology. According to some sources, Loki is the son of Fárbauti (a jötunn) and Laufey (mentioned as a goddess), and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr. Loki is married to Sigyn and they have two sons, Narfi or Nari and Váli. By the jötunn Angrboða, Loki is the father of Hel, the wolf Fenrir, and the world serpent Jörmungandr. In the form of a mare, Loki was impregnated by the stallion Svaðilfari and gave birth to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir. Loki's relation with the gods varies by source; he sometimes assists the gods and sometimes behaves maliciously towards them. Loki is a shape shifter and in separate incidents appears in the form of a salmon, a mare, a fly, and possibly an elderly woman named Þökk (Old Norse 'thanks'). Loki's positive relations with the gods end with his role in engineering the death of the god Baldr, and eventually, Odin's specially engendered son Váli binds Loki with the entrails of one of his sons; in the ''Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fárbauti
Fárbauti (Old Norse: ) is a jötunn in Norse mythology. In all sources, he is portrayed as the father of Loki. Fárbauti is attested in the ''Prose Edda'', written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in kennings of Viking Age skalds. Name The Old Norse name has been translated as 'dangerous striker', 'anger striker', or 'sudden-striker'. It is a compound formed with the noun ('hostility, danger, unfortunateness, falseness') attached to the verb ('to strike'). Attestations Two 10th-century skalds call Loki "son of Fárbauti", using, however, the poetic word ''mögr'' for 'son' rather than the usual ''sonr''. The skald Úlfr Uggason is quoted referring to Loki as "Fárbauti's terribly sly son", and the skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir mentions Loki as "Fárbauti's son". In ''Gylfaginning'' ('The Beguiling of Gylfi'), the enthroned figure of High states that Loki is the son of the jötunn Fárbauti, and that "Laufey or Nál is his mother". In ''Skáldskaparm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helblindi
Helblindi (Old Norse: , 'Helblind') is a jötunn in Norse mythology. According to 13th-century poet Snorri Sturluson, he is the brother of Loki and Býleistr. Name The Old Norse name Helblindi has been translated as 'Helblind'. Helblindi is also one of the many names of the god Odin, as found in ''Grímnismál'' (The Lay of Grímnir) or ''Gylfaginning'' (The Beguiling of Gylfi). Attestations In the Prose Edda, Helblindi is several times noted as the brother of Loki and, implicitly, as the son of Laufey and Fárbauti Fárbauti (Old Norse: ) is a jötunn in Norse mythology. In all sources, he is portrayed as the father of Loki. Fárbauti is attested in the ''Prose Edda'', written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in kennings of Viking Age skalds. .... Theories Although it is not directly attested in original sources, scholars have considered Helblindi to be a son of Fárbauti. His exact role in the ancient mythic complex surrounding Loki's family remains u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Býleistr
Býleistr (Old Norse: ; also Byleist) is the brother of Loki in Norse mythology. Name The meaning of the Old Norse name is uncertain. The most popular propositions are compounds formed with the word ('storm'), either as ('storm-relieving'), ('storm-flasher'), or ('violent storm'). Various forms are attested in the manuscripts of the ''Prose Edda'': 'Býleistr' ( ''Codices'' ''Regius'' and '' Wormianus''), 'Blýleistr' (''Codex Trajectinus''), or 'Býleiptr' (''Codex Upsaliensis''). Attestations Although there is no action involving Býleistr in the original sources, Loki is frequently called by the kenning 'Byleist's brother' (''bróðir Býleists''), such as in ''Völuspá'' (51), ''Hyndluljóð'' (40), or ''Skáldskaparmál'' (16). In both ''Gylfaginning'' (34) and ''Skáldskaparmál'', Snorri Sturluson explicitly states that Byleist is, along with Helblindi, one of Loki's two brothers. Based on this relation, a number of scholars have considered Býleistr to be a so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matronymic
A matronymic is a personal name based on the given name of one's mother, grandmother, or any female ancestor. It is the female equivalent of a patronymic. Around the world, matronymic surnames are far less common than patronymic surnames. In some cultures in the past, matronymic last names were often given to children of unwed mothers. Or if a woman was especially well known or powerful, her descendants might adopt a matronym based on her name. A matronymic is a derived name, as compared to a matriname, which is an inherited name from a mother's side of the family, and which is unchanged. Terminology of English The word ''matronymic'' is first attested in English in 1794 and originates in the Greek μήτηρ ''mētēr'' "mother" (GEN μητρός ''mētros'' whence the combining form μητρo- ''mētro''-), ὄνυμα ''onyma'', a variant form of ὄνομα ''onoma'' "name", and the suffix -ικός -''ikos'', which was originally used to form adjectives with the sense "p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louhi
Louhi () is a wicked queen of the land known as Pohjola in Finnish mythology and a villain of the ''Kalevala''. As many mythological creatures and objects are easily conflated and separated in Finnish mythology, Louhi is probably an alter-ego of the goddess Loviatar. In mythology Louhi is described as a powerful and evil witch queen ruling over the northern realm of Pohjola, with the ability to change shape and weave mighty enchantments. She is also the main opponent of Väinämöinen and his group in the battle for the magical artifact Sampo in the ''Kalevala''. She has a number of beautiful daughters, whom Ilmarinen, Lemminkäinen and other heroes attempt to win in various legends. In true fairy tale form, Louhi sets them difficult-to-impossible tasks to perform in order to claim such a prize, which leads to the forging of the Sampo. In popular culture *Louhi was the main antagonist in the Finnish-Soviet film ''Sampo'', played by Anna Orochko. *There is an orchestral wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sörla þáttr
''Sörla þáttr eða Heðins saga ok Högna'' is a short narrative from the extended version ''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta''The ''Younger Edda''. Rasmus B. Anderson transl. (1897) Chicago: Scott, Foresman & Co. (1901). found in the ''Flateyjarbók'' manuscript,Lindow (2002:280-281). which was written and compiled by two Christian priests, Jon Thordson and Magnus Thorhalson,Rasmus B. Anderson, Introduction to the ''Flatey Book''. Norræna Society, London (1908). ''"The priest Jon Thordson wrote the story of Erik Vidforle and both the Olaf Sagas; but the priest Magnus Thorhalson wrote what follows and also what goes before, and revised the whole, thus dedicating the work: "May God Almighty and the Virgin Mary bless both the one that wrote and the one that dictated!"'' in the late 14th century. The narrative begins 24 years after the death of Fróði, and takes place in the 9th and the 10th centuries. It is a composite tale containing a story of how Freyja acquired a necklace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Æsir
The Æsir (Old Norse: ) are the gods of the principal pantheon in Norse religion. They include Odin, Frigg, Höðr, Thor, and Baldr. The second Norse pantheon is the Vanir. In Norse mythology, the two pantheons wage war against each other, resulting in a unified pantheon. Unlike the Old English word ''god'' (and the Old Norse word '), Æsir was never converted over to Christian use. Etymology ''Æsir'' is the plural of '' áss'', ''ǫ́ss'' "god". In genitival compounds, it takes the form ', e.g. in ' ("Thor of the Æsir"), besides ' found in : '' ás-brú'' "gods' bridge" (the rainbow), : ' "gods' enclosure", : ' "gods' kin", : ' "gods' leader", : ' "gods' might" (especially of Thor), : ' "divine wrath" etc. : ' "national god" (') is a title of Thor, as is : ' "almighty god", while it is Odin who is "the" '. There is also Old East Norse dialectal : *''ās-ækia'' (OWN: *''áss-ekja''), i.e. "god ride" (Thor riding in his wagon), resulting in the modern Swedish word : '' ås ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skáldskaparmál
''Skáldskaparmál'' (Old Norse: 'The Language of Poetry'; c. 50,000 words; ; ) is the second part of the ''Prose Edda''. The section consists of a dialogue between Ægir, the divine personification of the sea, and Bragi, the god of poetry, in which both Norse mythology and discourse on the nature of poetry are intertwined. The origin of a number of ''kennings'' is given; then Bragi delivers a systematic list of ''kennings'' for various people, places and things. He then goes on to discuss poetic language in some detail, in particular ''heiti'', the concept of poetical words which are non-periphrastic (like ''steed'' for ''horse''), and again systematises these. This in a way forms an early form of poetic thesaurus. References Bibliography * Further reading * Anthony Faulkes"The sources of ''Skáldskaparmál'': Snorri’s intellectual background" in: Alois Wolf (ed.), ''Snorri Sturluson'', Volume 51 of ScriptOralia, Gunter Narr Verlag (1993), 59–76. External ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Norse
Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their Viking expansion, overseas settlements and chronologically coincides with the Viking Age, the Christianization of Scandinavia and the consolidation of Scandinavian kingdoms from about the 7th to the 15th centuries. The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid-to-late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century. Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old West Norse, ''Old West Norse'' or ''Old West Nordic'' (often referred to as ''Old Norse''), Old East Norse, ''Old East Norse'' or ''Old East Nordic'', and ''Ol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snorri Sturluson
Snorri Sturluson ( ; ; 1179 – 22 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of the ''Prose Edda'', which is a major source for what is today known as Norse mythology, and ''Heimskringla'', a history of the Norwegian kings that begins with legendary material in ''Ynglinga saga'' and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of ''Egil's saga''. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be agents of the King of Norway. Biography Early life Snorri Sturluson was born in (commonly transliterated as Hvamm or Hvammr) as a member of the wealthy and powerful Sturlungar clan of the Icelandic Commonwealth, in AD 1179. His parents were ''Sturla Þórðarson the Elder'' of ''Hvammur'' and his second wife, ''Guðný Böðvarsdóttir''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
