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Late-2000s Recession In Australasia
The Great Recession in Oceania was the great recession of the late 2000s and early 2010s in Oceania. The Oceanic countries suffered minimal impact during this time, in comparison with the impact that North America and Europe felt. Australia Australia is one of the three Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries that did not experience two consecutive negative quarters of growth and one of the two that avoided negative year-end GDP growth during the global recession. It was not affected by the crisis from 2008 to 2009 due to a number of factors such as government stimulus spending; its proximity to the booming Chinese economy and the related mining boom kept growth ticking over throughout the worst of the global conditions. In fact, sources such as the IMF and the Reserve Bank of Australia had predicted Australia was well positioned to weather the crisis with minimal disruption, sustaining more than 2% GDP growth in 2009 (as many Western nations wen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Recession
The Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At the time, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded that it was the most severe economic and financial meltdown since the Great Depression. One result was a serious disruption of normal international relations. The causes of the Great Recession include a combination of vulnerabilities that developed in the financial system, along with a series of triggering events that began with the bursting of the United States housing bubble in 2005–2012. When housing prices fell and homeowners began to abandon their mortgages, the value of mortgage-backed securities held by investment banks declined in 2007–2008, causing several to collapse or be bailed out in September 2008. This 2007–2008 phase was called the subprime mortgage crisis. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Oceania
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use, and management of scarce resources'. A given economy is a set of processes that involves its culture, values, education, technological evolution, history, social organization, political structure, legal systems, and natural resources as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. In other words, the economic domain is a social domain of interrelated human practices and transactions that does not stand alone. Economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Economic transactions occur when two groups or parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. Howev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In Economics
7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. It is the only prime number preceding a cube. As an early prime number in the series of positive integers, the number seven has greatly symbolic associations in religion, mythology, superstition and philosophy. The seven Classical planets resulted in seven being the number of days in a week. It is often considered lucky in Western culture and is often seen as highly symbolic. Unlike Western culture, in Vietnamese culture, the number seven is sometimes considered unlucky. It is the first natural number whose pronunciation contains more than one syllable. Evolution of the Arabic digit In the beginning, Indians wrote 7 more or less in one stroke as a curve that looks like an uppercase vertically inverted. The western Ghubar Arabs' main contribution was to make the longer line diagonal rather than straight, though they showed some tendencies to making the digit more rectilinear. The eastern Arabs developed the digit fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of New Zealand
The economic history of New Zealand dates to before European colonisation of the country. By the 20th century, it had become one of the most globalized economies in the world, relying heavily on international trade with developed countries including Australia, Canada, China, European Union, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. It is a mixed economy that functions on free-market principles and has a sizable manufacturing and service sector and an efficient agricultural sector. New Zealand has the 54th largest export economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product. In 2016, New Zealand exported a total of NZ$35.1billion and imported a total of NZ$35.4 billion, with its top exports being concentrated milk and the top imports being cars. New Zealand has an extremely diverse market economy with a sizable service sector that accounted for 63% of all GDP in 2013. Other industries including mining, manufacturing, waste services, electricity and gas accounted for 16.5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Australia
The economic history of Australia traces the economic history of Australia since European settlement in 1788. 1788–1821 The European settlement of Australia began on 26 January 1788 at Port Jackson (modern Sydney, New South Wales), when the First Fleet arrived with more than 1,000 convicts, marines and a few free settlers, plus a vast quantity of stores to establish a penal colony in New South Wales. The United Kingdom claimed all of eastern Australian as its territory on the basis of terra nullius, though the actual landing and consequent settlement was initially confined to the Port Jackson area. According to the first census of 1788, as reported by Governor Phillip to Lord Sydney, the Home Secretary, the white population in the colony was 1,030, of which 753 were convicts and their children; the colony also had 7 horses, 2903 sheep, 749 swine, 6 rabbits, and 754 cattle. The Indigenous population was not counted or estimated, nor reported at that point. More settlers ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 In New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 2009 in New Zealand. Population * Estimated population as of 31 December: 4,332,100 * Increase since 31 December 2008: 51,900 (1.21%) * Males per 100 Females: 95.8 Incumbents Regal and vice-regal *Head of State – Elizabeth II *Governor-General – Anand Satyanand File:Queen Elizabeth II of New Zealand.jpg, Elizabeth II File:Anand Satyanand.JPG, Anand Satyanand Government 2009 was the first full year of the election of the 49th New Zealand Parliament. *Speaker of the House – Lockwood Smith *Prime Minister – John Key *Deputy Prime Minister – Bill English *Minister of Finance – Bill English *Minister of Foreign Affairs – Murray McCully File:Lockwood Smith (cropped).jpg, Lockwood Smith File:John Key by UNDP.jpg, John Key File:Bill English KNZM (cropped).jpg, Bill English File:Murray McCully Estonia 2010 (cropped).jpg, Murray McCully Other party leaders *Labour – Phil Goff (Leader of the Opposition since 11 November ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 In Australia
The following lists events that happened during 2009 in Australia. Incumbents *Monarch – Elizabeth II *Governor-General – Quentin Bryce *Prime Minister – Kevin Rudd **Deputy Prime Minister – Julia Gillard **Opposition Leader – Malcolm Turnbull (until 1 December), then Tony Abbott * Chief Justice – Robert French State and Territory Leaders *Premier of New South Wales – Nathan Rees (until 4 December), then Kristina Keneally **Opposition Leader – Barry O'Farrell *Premier of Queensland – Anna Bligh **Opposition Leader – Lawrence Springborg (until 2 April), then John-Paul Langbroek *Premier of South Australia – Mike Rann **Opposition Leader – Martin Hamilton-Smith (until 8 July), then Isobel Redmond *Premier of Tasmania – David Bartlett **Opposition Leader – Will Hodgman *Premier of Victoria – John Brumby **Opposition Leader – Ted Baillieu *Premier of Western Australia – Colin Barnett **Opposition Leader – Eric Ripper *Chief Minister of the Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 In New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 2008 in New Zealand. Population * Estimated population as of 31 December: 4,280,300 * Increase since 31 December 2007: 34,500 (0.81%) * Males per 100 Females: 95.7 Incumbents Regal and vice regal * Monarch – Elizabeth II * Governor-General – Anand Satyanand File:Garter Queen.jpg, Elizabeth II File:Anand Satyanand.JPG, Anand Satyanand Government 2008 was the third and last year of the 48th Parliament, which was dissolved on 3 October. A general election was held on 8 November to elect the 49th Parliament, which saw the Fifth National Government elected. *Speaker of the House – Margaret Wilson then Lockwood Smith *Prime Minister – Helen Clark to 19 November, then John Key *Deputy Prime Minister – Michael Cullen to 19 November, then Bill English *Minister of Finance – Michael Cullen to 19 November, then Bill English *Minister of Foreign Affairs – Winston Peters to 29 August, then Helen Clark (acting) to 19 Novem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 In Australia
The following lists events that happened during 2008 in Australia. Incumbents *Monarch – Elizabeth II *Governor-General – Michael Jeffery (until 5 September), then Quentin Bryce *Prime Minister – Kevin Rudd **Deputy Prime Minister – Julia Gillard **Opposition Leader – Brendan Nelson (until 16 September), then Malcolm Turnbull * Chief Justice – Murray Gleeson (until 29 August), then Robert French State and Territory Leaders *Premier of New South Wales – Morris Iemma (until 5 September), then Nathan Rees **Opposition Leader – Barry O'Farrell *Premier of Queensland – Anna Bligh **Opposition Leader – Jeff Seeney (until 29 January), then Lawrence Springborg *Premier of South Australia – Mike Rann **Opposition Leader – Martin Hamilton-Smith *Premier of Tasmania – Paul Lennon (until 26 May), then David Bartlett **Opposition Leader – Will Hodgman *Premier of Victoria – John Brumby **Opposition Leader – Ted Baillieu *Premier of Western Australia – Ala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in New Zealand. Population * Estimated population as of 31 December: 4,245,700 * Increase since 31 December 2006: 36,600 (0.87%) * Males per 100 Females: 95.8 Incumbents Regal and viceregal *Head of State – Elizabeth II *Governor-General – Anand Satyanand Government 2007 was the second full year since the election of the 48th Parliament. The government was a Labour- Progressive coalition with supply and confidence from United Future and New Zealand First in exchange for two ministerial spots outside Cabinet. *Speaker of the House – Margaret Wilson (Labour) since 3 March 2005 *Prime Minister – Helen Clark (Labour) since 5 December 1999 *Deputy Prime Minister – Michael Cullen (Labour) since 15 August 2002 *Minister of Finance – Michael Cullen (Labour) since 5 December 1999 *Minister of Foreign Affairs – Winston Peters ( NZ First) since October 2005 Non-Labour ministers *Jim Anderton (Progressives) – Minis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 In Australia
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Australia. Incumbents *Monarch – Elizabeth II *Governor-General – Michael Jeffery *Prime Minister – John Howard (until 3 December), then Kevin Rudd **Deputy Prime Minister – Mark Vaile (until 3 December), then Julia Gillard **Opposition Leader – Kevin Rudd (until 3 December), then Brendan Nelson * Chief Justice – Murray Gleeson State and Territory Leaders *Premier of New South Wales – Morris Iemma **Opposition Leader – Peter Debnam (until 2 April), then Barry O'Farrell *Premier of Queensland – Peter Beattie (until 13 September), then Anna Bligh **Opposition Leader – Jeff Seeney *Premier of South Australia – Mike Rann **Opposition Leader – Iain Evans (until 12 April), then Martin Hamilton-Smith *Premier of Tasmania – Paul Lennon **Opposition Leader – Will Hodgman *Premier of Victoria – Steve Bracks (until 30 July), then John Brumby **Opposition Leader – Ted Baillieu *Premier of Western Aus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 In Oceania
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Arabic digit In the beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a -look-alike. The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle and enclose the 3-look-alike, in much the same way that the sign @ encircles a lowercase ''a''. As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line continued beyond the circle downwards, as the 3-look-alike became smaller. Soon, all that was left of the 3-look-alike was a squiggle. The Arabs simply connected that squiggle to the downward stroke at the middle and subsequent European change was purely cosmetic. While the shape of the glyph for the digit 9 has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the character usually has a descender, as, for example, in . The mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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