Lardeau River (British Columbia)
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Lardeau River (British Columbia)
The Lardeau River, which flows into the Duncan River, is in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The Selkirk Mountains lie to the west and the Purcell Mountains to the east. Name origin Lardo and Lardeau were used interchangeably for decades before the latter spelling prevailed. The earliest reference to the river used Lardo in 1885, but the pass used Lardeau in 1889. Of the numerous theories, one is that early prospectors adopted Lardo to signify a rich or fat land, deriving from the vulgar meaning for a person who was a rich or fat prospect. Although the early French-speaking fur traders may have influenced the Lardeau spelling, the geographical word origin probably had more to do with lard or bacon. Course The Lardeau is about long, flowing southeasterly from the source at Trout Lake to the mouth at the Duncan River, about upstream from Kootenay Lake. The upper of the Lardeau comprises a series of riffle areas and deep, calm pools, where log jams are ...
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Kootenay Land District
The Kootenay Land District is a cadastral survey subdivision of the province of British Columbia, Canada, created with rest of those on Mainland British Columbia via the Lands Act of the Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866), Colony of British Columbia in 1860. The British Columbia government's BC Names system, a subdivision of GeoBC, defines a land district as "a territorial division with legally defined boundaries for administrative purposes" All land titles and surveys use the Land District system as the primary point of reference, and entries in BC Names for placenames and geographical objects are so listed. Description The land district comprises all those parts of the Kootenay River and Columbia River basins in the southeast corner of the province, excepting the drainages of the Okanogan River, Okanagan, Granby River, Granby, Sanpoil River, Sanpoil and Kettle River (Columbia River), Kettle Rivers, i.e. all those sub-basins of the Columbia on the west and south of the summ ...
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Canadian Pacific Railway
The Canadian Pacific Railway (french: Chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique) , also known simply as CPR or Canadian Pacific and formerly as CP Rail (1968–1996), is a Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881. The railway is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001. Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, the railway owns approximately of track in seven provinces of Canada and into the United States, stretching from Montreal to Vancouver, and as far north as Edmonton. Its rail network also serves Minneapolis–St. Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, and Albany, New York, in the United States. The railway was first built between eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a commitment extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871; the CPR was Canada's first transcontinental railway. ...
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Placer Mining
Placer mining () is the mining of stream bed (Alluvium, alluvial) deposits for minerals. This may be done by open-pit mining, open-pit (also called open-cast mining) or by various surface excavating equipment or tunneling equipment. Placer mining is frequently used for precious metal deposits (particularly gold) and gemstones, both of which are often found in Alluvium, alluvial deposits—deposits of sand and gravel in modern or ancient stream beds, or occasionally glacial deposits. The metal or gemstones, having been moved by stream flow from an original source such as a vein, are typically only a minuscule portion of the total deposit. Since gems and heavy metals like gold are considerably denser than sand, they tend to accumulate at the base of placer deposits. Placer deposits can be as young as a few years old, such as the Canadian Queen Charlotte beach gold placer deposits, or billions of years old like the Elliot Lake uranium paleoplacer within the Huronian Supergroup i ...
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Ferguson, British Columbia
Ferguson is an unincorporated community in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The near ghost town is immediately northwest of the confluence of Ferguson Creek into Lardeau Creek. The locality, on Ferguson Rd and off BC Highway 31, is by road about north of Nelson and by road and ferry southeast of Revelstoke. Name origin In 1891, prospector Prospector may refer to: Space exploration * Prospector (spacecraft), a planned lunar probe, canceled in 1962 * '' Lunar Prospector'', a NASA spacecraft Trains * Prospector (train), a passenger train operated by the Denver & Rio Grande Western ... David Ferguson arrived in the region. By early 1894, he lived at the Forks (referring to the confluence) but named his ranch Ferguson City. Within months, he had renamed the property St. David’s and found three small gold nuggets on his land. The next year, he built a hotel. The strategic location was a short distance from several notable mines. However, he did not a ...
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Nelson, British Columbia
Nelson is a city located in the Selkirk Mountains on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake in the British Columbia Interior, Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Known as "The Queen City", and acknowledged for its impressive collection of restored heritage buildings from its glory days in a regional silver rush, Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region, the others being Castlegar, British Columbia, Castlegar and Trail, British Columbia, Trail. The city is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay, British Columbia, Regional District of Central Kootenay. It is represented in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston, and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Kootenay—Columbia. History Founding The western Kootenay region of British Columbia, where the city of Nelson is situated, is part of the traditional territories of the Sinixt (or Lak ...
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World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ...
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Duncan Dam
Duncan Dam is a dam spanning the Duncan River in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Duncan Dam was the first dam built to satisfy the Columbia River Treaty, initiated after the 1948 flood along the lower Columbia, which proved fatal at Vanport City, Oregon and other locations. Construction began in 1965 and was completed in 1967. It is an earthfill dam with no power generation facilities. It was built as a storage facility, controlling the flow of water from the Duncan River into the Kootenay Lake reservoir. The reservoir's storage is over 50% greater than Kootenay Lake. The reservoir is usually filled by August. The Duncan river drainage basin is 2,400 square kilometers. The dam regulates 10% of the water in the Kootenay River basin. Duncan Dam and Libby Dam together ensure operational water levels for the Kootenay Canal and Corra Linn Dam Corra Linn Dam is a concrete hydroelectric dam on the Kootenay River between the cities of Castlegar and Nelson, in the West Ko ...
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Gold Hill, British Columbia
Gold Hill or Goldhill is a ghost town in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The former mining community is on the northeast side of the Lardeau River. The locality, on BC Highway 31, is about northwest of Lardeau (head of Kootenay Lake) and southeast of Gerrard. Name origin In the 1890s, the trail from Lardeau to Trout Lake joined the Lardeau River at Cascade Creek, just upstream from the future Gold Hill. Second Crossing was the original name, being the second place the railway crossed the river. In 1903, Edward Mobbs established a town during the goldrush, which he called Uto, but then renamed as Goldhill within days. Some early newspaper reports did not clearly differentiate between the crossing and Bosworth, which might suggest the commercial enterprises were found somewhere in between. Ferry and road bridges During the railway construction, grading northwestward had reached Duncan City (Howser) by 1899, but clearing extended well beyond. At the ...
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Riffle
A riffle is a shallow landform in a flowing channel. Colloquially, it is a shallow place in a river where water flows quickly past rocks. However, in geology a riffle has specific characteristics. Topographic, sedimentary and hydraulic indicators Riffles are almost always found to have a very low discharge compared to the flow that fills the channel (approximately 10–20%), and as a result the water moving over a riffle appears shallow and fast, with a wavy, disturbed water surface. The water's surface over a riffle at low flow also has a much steeper slope than that over other in-channel landforms. Channel sections with a mean water surface slope of roughly 0.1 to 0.5% exhibit riffles, though they can occur in steeper or gentler sloping channels with coarser or finer bed materials, respectively. Except in the period after a flood (when fresh material is deposited on a riffle), the sediment on the riverbed in a riffle is usually much coarser than on that in any other in-chann ...
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Kootenay Lake
Kootenay Lake is a lake located in British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Kootenay River. The lake has been raised by the Corra Linn Dam and has a dike system at the southern end, which, along with industry in the 1950s–70s, has changed the ecosystem in and around the water. The Kootenay Lake ferry is a year-round toll-free ferry that crosses between Kootenay Bay and Balfour. The lake is a popular summer tourist destination. Geography Kootenay Lake is a long, narrow and deep fjord-like lake located between the Selkirk and Purcell mountain ranges in the Kootenay region of British Columbia. It is one of the largest lakes in British Columbia, at 104 km in length and 3–5 km in width. It is, in part, a widening of the Kootenay River, which in turn drains into the Columbia River system at Castlegar, British Columbia. Although oriented primarily in a north-south configuration, a western arm positioned roughly halfway up the length of the lake stretches 35&nb ...
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Trout Lake (British Columbia)
Trout Lake is a ribbon lake in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. Between the Selkirk Mountains to the west and the Purcell Mountains to the east, the lake is about long and wide. Lardeau Creek flows into the northern end and Lardeau River flows from the southern end. BC Highway 31 skirts the northeast shore. The northern end is about by road and ferry southeast of Revelstoke. Name origin In 1865, explorer James Turnbull noted in his diary a journey beside Lake de Truite, but did not indicate how he knew the lake's French name, only that the waters abounded in trout. No Sinixt or Ktunaxa name existed. The lake is labelled Lac des Truites on an 1871 map, Lardo Lake on an 1890 map, and Trout Lake in an 1889 newspaper article (which highlighted the immense size of the trout). Mining Although mining claims have surrounded the lake, the predominance of mining activity has been near Ferguson and Trout Lake at the northern end. The discovery of the Great ...
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Fur Trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands. Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas. Continental fur trade Russian fur trade Before the European colonization of the Americas, Russia was a major supplier of fur pelts to Western Europe and parts of Asia. Its trade developed in ...
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