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Laminin
Laminins are a family of glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix of all animals. They are major components of the basal lamina (one of the layers of the basement membrane), the protein network foundation for most cells and organs. The laminins are an important and biologically active part of the basal lamina, influencing cell differentiation, migration, and adhesion. Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with a high molecular mass (~400 to ~900 kDa). They contain three different chains (α, β and γ) encoded by five, four, and three paralogous genes in humans, respectively. The laminin molecules are named according to their chain composition. Thus, laminin-511 contains α5, β1, and γ1 chains. Fourteen other chain combinations have been identified ''in vivo''. The trimeric proteins intersect to form a cross-like structure that can bind to other cell membrane and extracellular matrix molecules. The three shorter arms are particularly good at binding to other laminin molecules, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laminin 111
Laminin–111 (also "laminin–1") is a protein of the type known as laminin isoforms. It was among the first of the laminin isoforms to be discovered.Aumailley, M., Bruckner-Tuderman, L., Carter, W. G., Deutzmann, R., Edgar, D., Ekblom, P., & Yurchenco, P. D. (2005). A simplified laminin nomenclature. ''Matrix biology'', 24(5): 326-332. The "111" identifies the isoform's chain composition of α1β1γ1. This protein plays an important role in embryonic development. Injections of this substance are used in treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and its cellular action may potentially become a focus of study in cancer research. Distribution The distribution of the different laminin isoforms is tissue-specific.Durbeej, M. (2010). Laminins. ''Cell and Tissue Research'', 339(1): 259-268. Laminin–111 is predominantly expressed in the embryonic epithelium, but can also be found in some adult epithelium such as the kidney, liver, testis, ovaries, and brain blood vessels.Ekblom, M., F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMB1
Laminin subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMB1'' gene. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms, which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMC1
Laminin subunit gamma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMC1'' gene. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMB2
Laminin subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMB2'' gene. Function Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms, which were formerly designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, e.g. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA5
Laminin subunit alpha-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA5'' gene. Function Components of the extracellular matrix exert myriad effects on tissues throughout the body. In particular, the laminins, a family of heterotrimeric extracellular glycoproteins, affect tissue development and integrity in such diverse organs as the kidney, lung, skin, and nervous system. It is thought that laminins mediate the attachment, migration, and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. Laminins function as heterotrimeric complexes of alpha, beta, and gamma chains, with each chain type representing a different subfamily of proteins. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the alpha subfamily of laminin chains and is a major component of basement membranes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of one of them has not been dete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA4
Laminin subunit alpha-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA4'' gene. Function Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different hetero trimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMC2
Laminin subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMC2'' gene. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA1
Laminin subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA1'' gene. Interactions Laminin, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with FBLN2 Fibulin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FBLN2'' gene. This gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein, which belongs to the fibulin family. This protein binds various extracellular ligands and calcium. It may play a role during .... Role in pathology Mutations of the LAMA1 gene cause the Poretti–Boltshauser syndrome. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-18-stub Laminins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA2
Laminin subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA2'' gene. Function Laminin, an extracellular matrix protein, is a major component of the basement membrane. It is thought to mediate the attachment, migration, and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. It is composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, which are bound to each other by disulfide bonds into a cross-shaped molecule. This gene encodes the alpha 2 chain, which constitutes one of the subunits of laminin 2 (merosin) and laminin 4 (s-merosin). Mutations in this gene have been identified as the cause of congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Two transcript variants encoding different proteins have been found for this gene. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Overview* LOVD The Leiden Open V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMA3
Laminin subunit alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA3'' gene. Function Laminins are basement membrane components thought to mediate the attachment, migration and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha-3 chain of laminin 5, which is a complex glycoprotein composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Laminin 5 is thought to be involved in cell adhesion, signal transduction and differentiation of keratinocytes. Clinical significance Mutations in this gene have been identified as the cause of Herlitz type junctional epidermolysis bullosa. It may be associated with Laryngoonychocutaneous syndrome. Interactions Laminin, alpha 3 has been shown to interact with SDC2 Syndecan-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMC3
Laminin subunit gamma-3 also known as LAMC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMC3'' gene. Function Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAMB3
Laminin subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMB3'' gene. LAMB3 encodes the beta 3 subunit of laminin. Laminin is composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma), and refers to a family of basement membrane proteins. For example, LAMB3 serves as the beta chain in laminin-5. Mutations in LAMB3 have been identified as the cause of various types of epidermolysis bullosa Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare medical conditions that result in easy blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Blisters occur with minor trauma or friction and are painful. Its severity can range from mild to fatal. Inherited E .... Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Laminins {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
