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Ladislaus II Kán
Ladislaus (II) from the kindred Kán ( hu, Kán nembeli (II.) László; died 3 January 1278) was a Hungarian baron and landowner, member of the ''gens'' Kán. Biography He was the son of palatine Ladislaus I (d. after 1247) and an unidentified mother. He had two brothers, including prelate Nicholas, and a sister, the wife of Alexander Aba, progenitor of the Nekcsei family. One of Ladislaus' three sons from his unidentified wife was Ladislaus III, voivode of Transylvania (1295–1314) who became one of the most powerful oligarchs during the interregnum after the death of king Andrew III and ruled Transylvania ''de facto'' independently until his death in 1315.Markó 2006, p. 282. Ladislaus II served as voivode of Transylvania (and thus head of Szolnok County) from 1263 to 1264,Zsoldos 2011, p. 38.Engel 2001, p. 382. when the king's son, Stephen governed Transylvania independently from Béla IV, holding the title of duke of Transylvania. Ladislaus supported the efforts of duke S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judge Royal
The judge royal, also justiciar,Rady 2000, p. 49. chief justiceSegeš 2002, p. 202. or Lord Chief JusticeFallenbüchl 1988, p. 145. (german: Oberster Landesrichter,Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 72. hu, országbíró,Zsoldos 2011, p. 26. sk, krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, la, curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially. There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob Svetoslav ( bg, Яков Светослав, ''Yakov Svetoslav'') (ca. 1210s/1220s–1275 or 1276/1277) was a prominent 13th-century Bulgarian noble ('' bolyarin''). Bestowed the title of despot, Jacob Svetoslav was the ruler of a widely autonomous domain of the Second Bulgarian Empire most likely located around Sofia. Seeking further independence and claiming the title of Emperor of Bulgaria, he twice changed allegiance from Bulgaria to the Kingdom of Hungary and vice versa, and the Hungarians recognized his Bulgarian royal rank as their vassal and ruler of Vidin (medieval ''Bdin''). Bulgarian despot Jacob Svetoslav's exact origin is not clear, though he is known to have been distant descendant of East Slavic noble. Historian Plamen Pavlov theorizes that Jacob Svetoslav was a descendant of the princes (''knyaze'') of Kievan Rus', and estimates his birth date as being in the 1210s or 1220s.Павлов. In the late 1250s, Jacob Svetoslav was already an influential noble. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugrin Csák
Ugrin (III) from the kindred Csák ( hu, Csák nembeli (III.) Ugrin, hr, Ugrin Čak, sr, Угрин Чак; died in 1311) was a prominent Hungarian baron and oligarch in the early 14th century. He was born into an ancient Hungarian clan. He actively participated in the various internal conflicts during the era of feudal anarchy since the reign of Ladislaus IV of Hungary. He held various dignities in the royal court in the 1270s. Simultaneously, he established a province surrounding his centre Syrmia in the southern parts of the kingdom. Initially, he supported the efforts of Andrew III of Hungary, but later turned against him, and became the guardian and the most ardent domestic partisan of the young pretender Charles. After the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, he was among the so-called oligarchs or provincial lords, who ruled ''de facto'' independently their dominions. Charles I fought for the Hungarian throne during the civil war relying on his hinterland in Ugrin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicholas Geregye
Nicholas from the kindred Geregye ( hu, Geregye nembeli Miklós; died after 1279) was a Hungarian baron and landowner, member of the ''gens'' Geregye, who held several positions. Family He was the son of judge royal Paul (d. before 1271) and an unidentified mother from the Győr clan, who was a granddaughter of palatine Pat Győr. The Geregye kindred originated from Zala and Vas counties, the westernmost part of Hungary, but Nicholas' father acquired several domains in Tiszántúl, mostly Bihar, Szolnok and Kraszna County, Kraszna counties since the 1240s, which region had become the center of his political aspirations thereafter. Nicholas had three brothers – Stephen Geregye, Stephen, Geregye II Geregye, Geregye II, Eth II – and a sister, Agnes who married Turul Nagymihályi and after her husband's death, she joined to the monastery at Margaret Island. Nicholas' grandfather was Voivode of Transylvania, voivode Eth Geregye, Eth I. As Geregye and Eth appeared in contemporar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Csák I Hahót
Csák (I) from the kindred Hahót ( hu, Hahót nembeli (I.) Csák; died after 1269) was a Hungarian noble who held several secular positions during the reign of King Béla IV. Initially, he was a strong and influential supporter of the king's son, Duke Stephen, later returned to Béla's allegiance. Biography He was born into the Buzád branch of the ''gens'' (clan) Hahót as the son of Buzád II, who served as ban of Severin between 1226 and ''c''. 1232.Zsoldos 2011, p. 49. Csák had three brothers. His father was killed by the Mongols in Pest after the disastrous Battle of Mohi.Markó 2006, p. 451. Csák I had five sons, including Csák II, from an unidentified wife.Markó 2006, p. 356. His name was first mentioned by a document in 1234. Albeit that charter proved to be a 14th-century forgery, its genealogical details are correct, which suggested he was born around 1215.Tóth 1976, p. 207. He functioned as master of the horse from 1245 to 1247. Besides that he also served as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivode Of Transylvania
The Voivode of Transylvania (german: Vojwode von Siebenbürgen;Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 77. hu, erdélyi vajda;Zsoldos 2011, p. 36. la, voivoda Transsylvaniae; ro, voievodul Transilvaniei) was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century. Appointed by the monarchs, the voivodesthemselves also the heads or ''ispáns'' of Fehér Countywere the superiors of the ''ispáns'' of all the other counties in the province. They had wide-ranging administrative, military and judicial powers, but their jurisdiction never covered the whole province. The Saxon and Székely communitiesorganized into their own districts or "seats" from the 13th centurywere independent of the voivodes. The kings also exempted some Transylvanian towns and villages from their authority over the centuries. Even so, the Voivodeship of Transylvania "was the largest single administrative entity"Jefferson 2012, p. 142. in the enti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baranya County (former)
Baranya ( hu, Baranya, hr, Baranja, sr, Барања / ''Baranja'', ger, Branau) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between present-day Baranya County of Hungary and Osijek-Baranja County of Croatia. The capital of the county was Pécs. Geography Baranya county was located in Baranya region. It shared borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, Bács-Bodrog and Verőce (the latter county was part of Croatia-Slavonia). The county stretched along the rivers Drava (north bank) and Danube (west bank), up to their confluence. Its area was 5,176 km2 around 1910. Historical background Baranya county arose as one of the first counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, in the 11th century. Stephen I of Hungary founded an episcopal seat here. In the 15th century, Janus Pannonius was the Bishop of Pécs. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire conquered Baranya, and included it into the sanjak of Mohács, an Otto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judge Royal
The judge royal, also justiciar,Rady 2000, p. 49. chief justiceSegeš 2002, p. 202. or Lord Chief JusticeFallenbüchl 1988, p. 145. (german: Oberster Landesrichter,Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 72. hu, országbíró,Zsoldos 2011, p. 26. sk, krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, la, curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially. There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pozsony County
Pozsony county was an administrative county ( comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now mostly part of Slovakia, while a small area belongs to Hungary. In 1969, the three villages that remained in Hungary were combined to form Dunasziget. Its name changed along with that of the city of Pressburg ( hu, Pozsony, today's Bratislava). Its names around 1900 were ''Pozsony vármegye'' in Hungarian, ''Prešpurská župa'' in Slovak and ''Preßburger Gespanschaft'' in German. Geography The county shared borders with the Austrian land of Lower Austria and the Hungarian counties Nyitra, Komárom, Győr and Moson. It was situated between the river Morava in the west, the river Danube in the south, and the river Váh ( hu, Vág) in the east. The southern part of the Little Carpathians divided the county into two. It also covered most of the island known today as Žitný ostrov (Hungarian: ''Csallóköz'') between the Danube and the Little Danube. Its area was 4,370& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ispán
The ispánRady 2000, p. 19.''Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517)'', p. 450. or countEngel 2001, p. 40.Curta 2006, p. 355. ( hu, ispán, la, comes or comes parochialis, and sk, župan)Kirschbaum 2007, p. 315. was the leader of a castle district (a fortress and the royal lands attached to it) in the Kingdom of Hungary from the early 11th century. Most of them were also heads of the basic administrative units of the kingdom, called counties, and from the 13th century the latter function became dominant. The ''ispáns'' were appointed and dismissed by either the monarchs or a high-ranking royal official responsible for the administration of a larger territorial unit within the kingdom. They fulfilled administrative, judicial and military functions in one or more counties. Heads of counties were often represented locally by their deputies, the vice-ispánsRady 2000, p. 41. ( hu, alispán,Nemes 1989, p. 21. la, viceco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronation Of The Hungarian Monarch
The coronation of the Hungarian monarch was a ceremony in which the king or queen of the Kingdom of Hungary was formally crowned and invested with regalia. It corresponded to the coronation ceremonies in other European monarchies. While in countries like France and England the king's reign began immediately upon the death of his predecessor, in Hungary the coronation was absolutely indispensable: if it were not properly executed, the Kingdom stayed "orphaned". All monarchs had to be crowned as King of Hungary in order to promulgate laws and exercise his royal prerogatives in the Kingdom of Hungary. Starting from the Golden Bull of 1222, all new Hungarian monarchs had to take a coronation oath, by which they had to agree to uphold the constitutional arrangements of the country, and to preserve the liberties of their subjects and the territorial integrity of the realm. History In the Middle Ages, all Hungarian coronations took place in Székesfehérvár Basilica, the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortress Of Deva
The Fortress of Deva ( ro, Cetatea Devei, hu, Déva vára) is a fortress located in the city of Deva, Hunedoara County, Romania, on top of a volcanic hill. Position The fortress is located atop a volcano in the Poiana Ruscă Mountain Range within the Western Carpathian Mountains of Romania. From the foot of the hill, the city of Deva spreads out, beginning with ''Magna Curia'' and the public park. Nearby are the most of the buildings of the administrative institutions of the city: the Court House, the Prefecture, the County Hall, the Finance Administration, the old police headquarters, the City Hall and two of the oldest schools in Deva: the ''Decebal National College'' and the ''Pedagogic Lyceum''. The fortress is connected with the foot of the hill by an inclined lift which allows tourists to reach the fortress. History The true story of this fortress begins in the glory days of Dacia. Here they built defense fortifications and an observation point from where they c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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