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Loosemore–Hanby Index
The Loosemore–Hanby index measures disproportionality of electoral systems, how much the principle of one person, one vote is violated. It computes the absolute difference between votes cast and seats obtained using the formula: :LH=\frac\sum_^n, v_i-s_i, , where v_i is the vote share and s_i the seat share of party i such that \Sigma_i v_i = \Sigma_i s_i = 1, and n is the overall number of parties. This index is minimized by the largest remainder (LR) method with the Hare quota. Any apportionment method that minimizes it will always apportion identically to LR-Hare. Other methods, including the widely used divisor methods such as the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method or the D'Hondt method minimize the Sainte-Laguë index instead. The index is named after John Loosemore and Victor J. Hanby, who first published the formula in 1971 in a paper entitled "The Theoretical Limits of Maximum Distortion: Some Analytic Expressions for Electoral Systems". Along with Douglas W. Rae's, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Journal Of Political Science
''British Journal of Political Science'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of political science. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCOhost, International Political Science Abstracts, Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences, PAIS International, Social Sciences Citation Index, CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature and International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature and Social Sciences. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 4.292, ranking it 4th out of 176 journals in the category "Political Science". Awards In association with the British Academy and the Cambridge University Press, the journal awards the Brian Barry Prize in Political Science. The winning essay is then published in this journal. Notable staff * Sarah Birch, co-editor from 2002 to 2011 * Robert E. Goodin, co-editor Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algora Publishing
Algora is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 112 inhabitants. A Cenomanian (100.5 – 93.9 million years ago) fossil site has been found nearby, with sandy sediments showing the effect of tides. Vertebrate fauna found at the site include specimens originating from the supercontinent Gondwana as well as from Laurasia Laurasia () was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around ( Mya), the other being Gondwana. It separated from Gondwana (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pan .... References Municipalities in the Province of Guadalajara {{CastileLaMancha-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party For The Animals
The Party for the Animals ( nl, Partij voor de Dieren; PvdD) is a List of political parties in the Netherlands, political party in the Netherlands. Among its main goals are animal rights and animal welfare. Since 2019, the PvdD's political leader is Esther Ouwehand. With 3.8% of the votes at the 2021 Dutch general election, 2021 general election, the PvdD holds six of the 150 House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives's seats. In the Senate (Netherlands), Senate it has three of the 75 seats, and in the European Parliament it has one of the 26 seats allocated to the Netherlands (European Parliament constituency), Netherlands constituency. History Founding The Party for the Animals was founded on 28 October 2002 by Marianne Thieme, among others. Although initially considered a testimonial party, a party which does not seek to gain political power but to testify its beliefs and thereby influence other parties, the party signaled its willingness to enter a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forum For Democracy
Forum for Democracy ( nl, Forum voor Democratie, FvD) is a right-wing populist Eurosceptic political party in the Netherlands that was founded as a think tank by Thierry Baudet and Henk Otten in 2016. The party first participated in elections in the 2017 general election, winning two seats in the House of Representatives. In the 2019 provincial elections, it won the most seats out of any party, although 61 out of 86 representatives have since defected. At the time of its conception the FvD was considered a conservative liberal and a eurosceptic movement positioned on the right-wing of the political spectrum, but after several founding members split from the party it has been described as adopting more radical policies and messages. History The FvD was established by Baudet and Otten as a citizens initiative and then a think tank whose main feat was campaigning in the 2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum and against the EU in general. The t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GroenLinks
GroenLinks (, ) is a green political party in the Netherlands. It was formed on 1 March 1989 from the merger of four left-wing parties: the Communist Party of the Netherlands, the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party, which shared left-wing and progressive ideals and earlier co-operated in Regenboog-coalition for the 1989 European Parliament election. After disappointing results in the 1989 and 1994 general elections, the nascent party fared particularly well in the 1998 and 2002 elections. The party's leader at that time, Paul Rosenmöller, was seen as the unofficial Leader of the Opposition against the First Kok cabinet, a purple government. The party's number of seats fell from 10 to 4 seats in the 2012 election, before increasing to 14 in 2017 and falling to 8 in 2021. The party failed to enter the cabinet in 2017 and 2021-2022. A merger with the Labour Party is currently under discussion. GroenLinks describes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour Party (Netherlands)
The Labour Party ( nl, Partij van de Arbeid, , abbreviated as ''PvdA'', or ''P van de A'', ) is a social-democratic political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or p ... in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1946 as a merger of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands), Social Democratic Workers' Party, the Free-thinking Democratic League and the Christian Democratic Union (Netherlands), Christian Democratic Union. Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Prime Ministers from the Labour Party have been Willem Drees (1948–1958), Joop den Uyl (1973–1977) and Wim Kok (1994–2002). From 2012 to 2017, the PvdA formed the second-largest party in parliament and was the junior partner in the Second Rutte cabinet with the People's Party for Freedom and Democrac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party (Netherlands)
The Socialist Party ( nl, Socialistische Partij, ; abbreviated as SP, ) is a democratic socialist political party in the Netherlands. Founded in 1971 as the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML, nl, link=no, Communistische Partij van Nederland/Marxistisch–Leninistisch), the party has since moderated itself from Marxism–Leninism and Maoism towards democratic socialism and social democracy. The SP has also been described as left-wing populist and soft Eurosceptic, and is an advocate of Dutch republicanism. Positioned to the political left of the Labour Party (Netherlands), Labour Party, the party has been part of the parliamentary opposition since it was formed. After the 2006 Dutch general election, the SP became one of the major parties of the Netherlands winning 25 out of 150 parliamentary seats, an increase of 16 seats. In the 2010 Dutch general election, the parliamentary presence of the socialists decreased to 15 seats. In the 2012 Dutch general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Democratic Appeal
The Christian Democratic Appeal ( nl, Christen-Democratisch Appèl, ; CDA) is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. It was originally formed in 1977 from a confederation of the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union; it has participated in all but three cabinets since it became a unitary party. Health Minister Hugo de Jonge served as Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal from July 2020 until his resignation the following December. Finance Minister Wopke Hoekstra was then chosen as ''lijstrekker'' for the 2021 general election, becoming the ''de facto'' party leader. After the 2017 general election, in which the party won 19 seats (third place), the CDA became a junior coalition partner in the Third Rutte cabinet with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Democrats 66 and Christian Union. The Fourth Rutte cabinet was formed upon the same coalition. History History before 1977 Since 1880 the size ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party For Freedom
The Party for Freedom ( nl, Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands. Founded in 2006 as the successor to Geert Wilders' one-man faction in the House of Representatives, it won nine seats in the 2006 general election making it the fifth-largest party in parliament. In the 2010 general election it won 24 seats, making it the third-largest party. At that time the PVV agreed to support the minority government led by Prime Minister Mark Rutte without having PVV ministers in the cabinet. However, the PVV withdrew its support in April 2012 due to differences over budget cuts at the Catshuis. In the following 2012 Dutch general election it won 15 seats, having lost 9 seats in the elections, still being the third-largest party. Following the elections, the party returned to the opposition and in the 2017 election, the Party for Freedom won 20 seats, making it the second-largest party in Parliament. It came third in the 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democrats 66
Democrats 66 (; abbreviated D66, ) is a Social liberalism, social liberal List of political parties in the Netherlands, political party in the Netherlands, which positions itself in the Centrism, centre of the Left–right political spectrum, political spectrum. It is a member of the Liberal International (LI) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). The name of the party refers to its year of foundation, 1966. Initially, its main objective had been to democratise the Dutch political system, but it developed a broader social liberal ideology over time. In the 1967 Dutch general election, 1967 general election, the party won 7 out of 150 seats in the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives. No new party had ever gained that many seats before. The party was in government from Den Uyl cabinet, 1973 to 1977, Second Van Agt cabinet, 1981 to 1982, First Kok cabinet, 1994 to 2002, Second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Party For Freedom And Democracy
The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( nl, Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie ; VVD) is a conservative-liberal Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin ''Politics and Governance in the Netherlands'', Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49 political party in the Netherlands. The VVD, whose forerunner was the Freedom Party, is a party of the centre-right, which promotes private enterprise and economic liberalism.Andeweg R.B. and G.A. Irwin ''Government & Politics in the Netherlands'' 2002 Palgrave p. 48 Mark Rutte has been the party's leader since 31 May 2006 and on 14 October 2010 became Prime Minister of the Netherlands, marking the first time that the VVD led a government. History 1948–1971 The VVD was founded in 1948 as a continuation of the Freedom Party, which was a continuation of the interbellum Liberal State Party, which in turn was a continuation of Liberal Union. They were joined by the Comité-Oud, a group of liberal members of the Labour Party (PvdA), led by Pieter Oud. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands from 15 to 17 March 2021 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives. Following the elections and lengthy coalition formation talks, the sitting government remained in power. The election had originally been scheduled to take place on 17 March; however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government decided to open some polling stations two days in advance to ensure safe voting for elderly and immunocompromised citizens. Citizens aged 70 years or older were also given the opportunity to vote by post. The election was held two days before the 2021 Curaçao general election. Background Previous election The 2017 general election was held after a five-year coalition government between the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and Labour Party (PvdA). The PvdA suffered heavy losses in the election, being reduced from 38 to 9 seats, while the VVD lost 8 seats, falling from 41 to 33 but remaining the largest party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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