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Longicollum Benmaddoxi
Pomphorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida. Species Pomphorhynchidae has five genera which contain the following species: ''Longicollum'' Yamaguti, 1935 *''Longicollum alemniscus'' (Harada, 1935) *''Longicollum cadenati'' Gupta & Naqvi, 1984 *''Longicollum chabanaudi'' Dollfus & Golvan, 1963 *''Longicollum dattai'' Saxena, Johri & Gupta, 2008 *''Longicollum edmondsi'' Golvan, 1969 *''Longicollum engraulisi'' Gupta & Fatma, 1985 *''Longicollum indicum'' Gupta & Gupta, 1970 *''Longicollum lutjani'' Jain & Gupta, 1980 *''Longicollum noellae'' Golvan, 1969 *''Longicollum pagrosomi'' Yamaguti, 1935 ''L. pagrosomi'' was found parasitizing the Atlantic horse mackerel (''Trachurus trachurus'') in the bay of Gemlik, Turkey. The body was between 5036 and 10164 µm long and 478 and 878) µm wide. The proboscis was cylindrical, wider anteriorly, between 2310 and 5313 µm long, and armed with 11 or 12 rows of hooks comprising 11 to 13 hooks in each. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomphorhynchus
''Pomphorhynchus'' is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Pomphorhynchidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America. Species: *''Pomphorhynchus bosniacus'' *''Pomphorhynchus bufonis'' *''Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli ''Pomphorhynchus'' is a genus of parasitic worms Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are large macroparasites; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye. Many are intestinal worms that are soil-transmitted and infect the gastro ...'' *''Pomphorhynchus bullocki'' Gupta and Lata, 1968 *''Pomphorhynchus cylindrica'' Wang and Gu, 1983 *''Pomphorhynchus dubious'' Kaw, 1941 *''Pomphorhynchus francoisae'' Golvan, 1969 *''Pomphorhynchus jammuensis'' Fotedar and Dhar, 1977 *''Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis'' Kaw, 1941 *''Pomphorhynchus kawi'' Fotedar, Duda and Raina, 1970 *''Pomphorhynchus kostylewi'' Petrochenko, 1956 *''Pomphorhynchus laevis'' (Zoega in Müller, 1776) ''P. laevis'' is a parasitic acanthocephalan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomphorhynchus Francoisae
''Pomphorhynchus'' is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Pomphorhynchidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America. Species: *''Pomphorhynchus bosniacus'' *''Pomphorhynchus bufonis'' *''Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli'' *''Pomphorhynchus bullocki'' Gupta and Lata, 1968 *''Pomphorhynchus cylindrica'' Wang and Gu, 1983 *''Pomphorhynchus dubious'' Kaw, 1941 *''Pomphorhynchus francoisae'' Golvan, 1969 *''Pomphorhynchus jammuensis'' Fotedar and Dhar, 1977 *''Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis'' Kaw, 1941 *''Pomphorhynchus kawi'' Fotedar, Duda and Raina, 1970 *''Pomphorhynchus kostylewi'' Petrochenko, 1956 *''Pomphorhynchus laevis'' (Zoega in Müller, 1776) ''P. laevis'' is a parasitic acanthocephalan worm that can influence the reaction of its intermediate host, the freshwater amphipod ''Gammarus pulex'', to the smell of potential predators like perch, ''Perca fluviatilis''. ''P. laevis'' facilitates its movement from its initial host. Research has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proboscis
A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongated nose or snout. Etymology First attested in English in 1609 from Latin , the latinisation of the Ancient Greek (), which comes from () 'forth, forward, before' + (), 'to feed, to nourish'. The plural as derived from the Greek is , but in English the plural form ''proboscises'' occurs frequently. Invertebrates The most common usage is to refer to the tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain invertebrates such as insects (e.g., moths, butterflies, and mosquitoes), worms (including Acanthocephala, proboscis worms) and gastropod molluscs. Acanthocephala The Acanthocephala or thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms are characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perca Fluviatilis
The European perch (''Perca fluviatilis''), also known as the common perch, redfin perch, big-scaled redfin, English perch, Euro perch, Eurasian perch, Eurasian river perch, Hatch, poor man’s rockfish or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the perch, is a predatory species of the freshwater perch native to Europe and northern Asia. The species is a popular quarry for anglers, and has been widely introduced beyond its native area, into Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. They have caused substantial damage to native fish populations in Australia and have been proclaimed a noxious species in New South Wales. Description European perch are greenish with red pelvic, anal and caudal fins. They have five to eight dark vertical bars on their sides. When the perch grows larger, a hump grows between its head and dorsal fin. European perch can vary greatly in size between bodies of water. They can live for up to 22 years, and older perch are often much larger than average; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predator
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with herbivory, as seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predators may actively search for or pursue prey or wait for it, often concealed. When prey is detected, the predator assesses whether to attack it. This may involve ambush or pursuit predation, sometimes after stalking the prey. If the attack is successful, the predator kills the prey, removes any inedible parts like the shell or spines, and eats it. Predators are adapted and often highly specialized for hunting, with acute senses such as vision, hearing, or smell. Many predatory animals, both vertebrate and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gammarus Pulex
''Gammarus pulex'' is a species of amphipod crustacean found in fresh water across much of Europe. It is a greyish animal, growing to long. Description Adult males of ''Gammarus pulex'' may reach a total length of , while females only grow to . The adults have a robust appearance; they are typically greyish with markings in dark brown or green. Individuals of the genus '' Dendrocometes'' are known to be parasites which reside on the gills of ''G. pulex''. Distribution ''Gammarus pulex'' is found across most of Europe from the Volga drainage in the east to the British Isles in the west. It is absent from Norway, parts of Scotland, and Ireland, although it was introduced to Lough Neagh in the 1950s, where it is replacing the native ''Gammarus duebeni''. Taxonomic history ''Gammarus pulex'' was one of the species included in the 10th edition of Carl Linnaeus' ''Systema Naturae'', which marks the starting point for zoological nomenclature, in 1758. Linnaeus called the species ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphipod
Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,900 amphipod species so far described. They are mostly marine animals, but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 1,900 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers such as ''Talitrus saltator''. Etymology and names The name ''Amphipoda'' comes, via New Latin ', from the Greek roots 'on both/all sides' and 'foot'. This contrasts with the related Isopoda, which have a single kind of thoracic leg. Particularly among anglers, amphipods are known as ''freshwater shrimp'', ''scuds'', or ''sideswimmers''. Description Anatomy The body of an amphipod is divided into 13 segments, which can be grouped into a head, a thorax and an abdomen. The head is fused to the thorax, and bears two pairs of antennae and one pair of se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freshwater
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include non- salty mineral-rich waters such as chalybeate springs. Fresh water may encompass frozen and meltwater in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snowfields and icebergs, natural precipitations such as rainfall, snowfall, hail/ sleet and graupel, and surface runoffs that form inland bodies of water such as wetlands, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as groundwater contained in aquifers, subterranean rivers and lakes. Fresh water is the water resource that is of the most and immediate use to humans. Water is critical to the survival of all living organisms. Many organisms can thrive on salt water, but the great majority of higher plants and most insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds need fresh water to survive. Fresh wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intermediate Host
In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include animals playing host to parasitic worms (e.g. nematodes), cells harbouring pathogenic (disease-causing) viruses, a bean plant hosting mutualistic (helpful) nitrogen-fixing bacteria. More specifically in botany, a host plant supplies food resources to micropredators, which have an evolutionarily stable relationship with their hosts similar to ectoparasitism. The host range is the collection of hosts that an organism can use as a partner. Symbiosis Symbiosis spans a wide variety of possible relationships between organisms, differing in their permanence and their effects on the two parties. If one of the partners in an association is much larger than the other, it is generally known as the host. In parasitism, the parasite benefits at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthocephala
Acanthocephala (Greek , ', thorn + , ', head) is a phylum of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and hold the gut wall of its host. Acanthocephalans have complex life cycles, involving at least two hosts, which may include invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. About 1420 species have been described. The Acanthocephala were thought to be a discrete phylum. Recent genome analysis has shown that they are descended from, and should be considered as, highly modified rotifers. This unified taxon is known as Syndermata. History The earliest recognisable description of Acanthocephala – a worm with a proboscis armed with hooks – was made by Italian author Francesco Redi (1684).Crompton 1985, p. 27 In 1771, Joseph Koelreuter proposed the name Acanthocephala. Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller independently called th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomphorhynchus Laevis
''Pomphorhynchus laevis'' is an endo-parasitic acanthocephalan worm, with a complex life cycle, that can modify the behaviour of its intermediate host, the freshwater amphipod ''Gammarus pulex''. ''P. laevis'' does not contain a digestive tract and relies on the nutrients provided by its host species. In the fish host this can lead to the accumulation of lead in ''P. laevis'' by feeding on the bile of the host species. Life cycle and host species ''Pomphorhynchus laevis'' is a parasite with a complex life cycle, meaning that it needs multiple host species to complete it. The female releases eggs containing acanthor that are then ingested by an arthropod. The acanthor is then released from the egg and becomes acanthella which penetrate the host's gut wall and transforms into the infective cystacanth stage which presents as a cyst. The larval stages (cystacanths) reside in the hemocoel of its intermediate host, gammarids. From them it is trophically transmitted to fish. Seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomphorhynchus Kostylewi
''Pomphorhynchus'' is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Pomphorhynchidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America. Species: *''Pomphorhynchus bosniacus'' *''Pomphorhynchus bufonis'' *''Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli ''Pomphorhynchus'' is a genus of parasitic worms Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are large macroparasites; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye. Many are intestinal worms that are soil-transmitted and infect the gastro ...'' *''Pomphorhynchus bullocki'' Gupta and Lata, 1968 *''Pomphorhynchus cylindrica'' Wang and Gu, 1983 *''Pomphorhynchus dubious'' Kaw, 1941 *''Pomphorhynchus francoisae'' Golvan, 1969 *''Pomphorhynchus jammuensis'' Fotedar and Dhar, 1977 *''Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis'' Kaw, 1941 *''Pomphorhynchus kawi'' Fotedar, Duda and Raina, 1970 *''Pomphorhynchus kostylewi'' Petrochenko, 1956 *''Pomphorhynchus laevis'' (Zoega in Müller, 1776) ''P. laevis'' is a parasitic acanthocephalan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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