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List Of Samuhakalahom
The ''samuhakalahom'' ( th, สมุหกลาโหม) was one of the two chief ministers in the historical Chatusadom government system of Siam (now Thailand) in use from the Ayutthaya through early Rattanakosin periods. The post was originally charged with military affairs but later oversaw both civil and military affairs in southern cities. Officials who held the post usually received the noble title of Mahasena ( th, มหาเสนา). List of ''samuhakalahom'' Rattanakosin #Chaophraya Mahasena (Pli): Served King Rama I, from 1782. #Chaophraya Mahasena (Bunnag): Served Rama I until his own death in 1805. He was the progenitor of the Bunnag family The House of Bunnag ( th, บุนนาค; ) was a powerful Siamese noble family of Mon- Persian descent influential during the late Ayutthaya kingdom and early Rattanakosin period. Originally of Persian Islamic descent, they converted en masse ..., which would become one of the most powerful noble families, with multip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chatusadom
Chatusadom or Catustambha ( th, จตุสดมภ์ , literally "Four Pillars" from Sanskrit ''Catur'' "Four" + ''Stambha'' "Pillars") was the Thai system of central executive governance during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Thonburi Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom from 1454 to 1892. For about four hundred years, it had served as the constitution of central government of Siam or Thailand until King Chulalongkorn organized ''Chatusadom'' into modern ministries and officially established the Cabinet on April 1, 1892. The ''Chatusadom'' system King Trailokanat promulgated the constitution of ''Chatusadom'' in his Palatine Law, or ''Phra aiyakan tamnaeng na phonlaruean'' ( th, พระไอยการตำแหน่งนาพลเรือน), with the promulgation date being 1454. The original written law had been lost, however. ''Chatusadom'' went through subsequent amendments over time and King Rama I enacted the Palatine Law in the Three Seals Law, from which the ''Chatus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the extremity of Myanmar. Thailand also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast, and Indonesia and India to the southwest. Bangkok is the nation's capital and largest city. Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na and Ayutthaya, which also rivalled each other. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayutthaya Kingdom
The Ayutthaya Kingdom (; th, อยุธยา, , IAST: or , ) was a Siamese kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand. The Ayutthaya Kingdom is considered to be the precursor of modern Thailand and its developments are an important part of the History of Thailand. The Ayutthaya Kingdom emerged from the mandala of city-states on the Lower Chao Phraya Valley in the late fourteenth century during the decline of the Khmer Empire. After a century of territorial expansions, Ayutthaya became centralized and rose as a major power in Southeast Asia. Ayutthaya faced invasions from the Toungoo dynasty of Burma, starting a centuries' old rivalry between the two regional powers, resulting in the First Fall of Ayutthaya in 1569. However, Naresuan ( 1590–1605) freed Ayutthaya from brief Burmese rule and expanded Ayutthaya militarily. By 1600, the kingdom's vassals included some city-states in the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thai Noble Title
The Thai nobility was a social class comprising titled officials (''khunnang'', th, ขุนนาง) in the service of the monarchy. They formed part of a hierarchical social system which developed from the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th century – 1767), through the Thonburi (1767–1782) and early Rattanakosin (1782 onwards) periods. Reforms by King Chulalongkorn ended the system around the end of the 19th century, though noble titles continued to be granted until the abolition of absolute monarchy in 1932. Thai noble titles comprise a rank and a title, which denote the holder's post or office. Unlike in European aristocracies, Thai noble titles were not inherited, but individually granted based on personal merit. Nevertheless, familial influence was substantial, and some families were able to accumulate large amounts of wealth and power, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries. History While the use of noble rank and title words are found in the documents of man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaophraya Mahasena (Pli)
Thai nobility, Chaophraya Mahasena ( th, เจ้าพระยามหาเสนา, died January 1794), personal name Pli ( th, ปลี), was the ''Samuha Kalahom'' ( th, สมุหกลาโหม) or Prime Minister of Southern Siam from 1782 to 1794. He was known for his roles in many military campaigns for Siam (modern Thailand) in the late eighteenth century. Chaophraya Mahasena Pli was a son of Chaophraya Kalahom Khlongklaeb ( th, เจ้าพระยากลาโหมคลองแกลบ), who was the ''Samuha Kalahom'' or Minister of Military from 1755 to 1759 during the reign of King Borommakot, Borommokot of Ayutthaya Kingdom, Ayutthaya. He appeared in history for the first time in Thonburi Kingdom, Thonburi period when he was ''Phra'' Phonlamueang, an official position under Maha Sura Singhanat, Chaophraya Surasi the governor of Phitsanulok. Pli was later promoted to the position of ''Phraya'' Phetchabun the governor of Phetchabun. In 1778, during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rama I
Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok Maharaj (, 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), personal name Thongduang (), also known as Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom and the first monarch of the reigning Chakri dynasty of Siam (now Thailand). His full title in Thai is ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Mahachakkriborommanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok'' (). He ascended the throne in 1782, following the deposition of King Taksin of Thonburi. He was also celebrated as the founder of Rattanakosin (now Bangkok) as the new capital of the reunited kingdom. Rama I was born from a Mon male line descent family, great-grandson of Kosa Pan. His father served in the royal court of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, and had served King Taksin in wars against the Burmese Konbaung dynasty and helped him in the reunification of Siam. During this time he emerged as Siam's most powerful military leader. Thongduang was the first '' Somdet Chao Phraya'', the highest rank the nobility could attain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunnag Family
The House of Bunnag ( th, บุนนาค; ) was a powerful Siamese noble family of Mon-Persian descent influential during the late Ayutthaya kingdom and early Rattanakosin period. Originally of Persian Islamic descent, they converted en masse to Buddhism. The family was favored by Chakri monarchs and monopolized high-ranking titles. By the nineteenth century, its power and influence reached its zenith. Three of the four '' Somdet Chao Phraya'' came from the Bunnag family — Dis, styled Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse; his younger brother Tat, styled Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Pichaiyat; the eldest son Chuang, styled Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Si Suriyawongse. They played key roles in government and foreign relations until after the Front Palace crisis. As Chulalongkorn sought to undo the power of the nobility and pursue centralization, the Bunnags gradually withdrew from prominent roles in Siamese politics but continued to fill important official ranks. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somdet Chaophraya Borom Maha Prayurawong
''Somdet Chao Phraya'' Borom Maha Prayurawongse ( th, สมเด็จเจ้าพระยาบรมมหาประยูรวงศ์; ; 1788 - 26 April 1855) or Dit Bunnag ( th, ดิศ บุนนาค; ) was a prominent political figure of Siam during the mid-19th century as a regent for King Mongkut kingdom-wide. He became a '' Somdet Chao Phraya'' — the highest rank a Siamese noble had attained during the Rattanakosin Era, with honor equal to that of royalty. He was known colloquially as Somdet Chao Phraya Ong Yai ( th, สมเด็จเจ้าพระยาองค์ใหญ่). He was also known as ''Chao Phraya'' Phraklang ( th, เจ้าพระยาพระคลัง), or Minister of Trade, and dominated Western affairs of Siam during the reign of King Rama III. He held the post of ''Samuha Kalahom'' ( th, สมุหกลาโหม), the Prime Minister of Southern Siam, from 1830 to 1855. Life Dit Bunnag was born in 1788 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somdet Chaophraya Borom Maha Si Suriwong
Somdet Chaophraya Borom Maha Sri Suriwongse ( th, สมเด็จเจ้าพระยาบรมมหาศรีสุริยวงศ์, , ; also spelled ''Suriyawong'', etc.; 23 December 1808 – 19 January 1883), whose personal name was Chuang Bunnag (; ; ), was a prominent 19th century Thai figure who served as the regent during the early years of the reign of King Chulalongkorn. Biography Chuang Bunnag ( th, ช่วง บุนนาค) was born on 23 December 1808 to Tish Bunnag and his main wife Lady Chan, who was a daughter of ''Chao Phraya'' Pollathep Thongin, at Chuang's grandfather residence off the southern wall of the Grand Palace near modern Wat Pho, Phra Nakhon District. Chuang was a member of Bunnag family who had descended from Sheikh Ahmad the Persian minister of King Prasat Thong (His lineage had converted to Theravada Buddhism in the mid-eighteenth century.). In 1818, the Grand Palace expanded south and Bunnags moved to their new residenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Samuhanayok
The ''samuhanayok'' ( th, สมุหนายก) was one of the two chief ministers in the historical Chatusadom government system of Siam (now Thailand), originally charged with civil affairs but later overseeing both civil and military affairs in northern cities. During the Ayutthaya and Thonburi periods, the official who held the post usually took the noble title of Chakri ( th, จักรี, ). The term, from Sanskrit चक्री ''cakrī'', literally meant "one who has a discus", referring to the Hindu god Vishnu who possesses the discus Sudarshana). The last office-holder to be known by the title Chakri was Thongduang, who established the Rattanakosin Kingdom and became King Rama I in 1782. His dynasty, which includes the current Thai royal family, is known as the Chakri Dynasty after his former title. Later office-holders of Rattanakosin were granted individualized titles. List of ''samuhanayok'' Officials who served as ''samuhanayok'' included: Ayutthaya * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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