List Of Durian Diseases And Pests
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List Of Durian Diseases And Pests
Durians are an agricultural product affected by many plant pathogens and pests. Most of the information here concerns ''Durio zibethinus'', the major commercial species, but a dozen species in the genus ''Durio'' are edible durians, and several of those are also grown commercially and these diseases can concern them as well. Algae *algal leaf spot, red rust ('' Cephaleuros virescens'') Animals Vertebrates These are animals that eat or destroy durian fruit or trees. Many of these are shot or poisoned by farmers. Some of these species naturally act as seed dispersers, which benefits the plant but does not benefit farmers. *black hornbill (''Anthracoceros malayanus'') *squirrel ** grey-bellied squirrel (''Callosciurus caniceps'') **black-striped squirrel (''Callosciurus nigrovittatus'') **plantain squirrel (''Callosciurus notatus'') **Prevost's squirrel (''Callosciurus prevostii'') *Asian elephant (''Elephas maximus'') *Sun bears (''Helarctos malayanus'') * crab-eating macaque ('' ...
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Bornean Orangutan
The Bornean orangutan (''Pongo pygmaeus'') is a species of orangutan endemic to the island of Borneo. Together with the Sumatran orangutan (''Pongo abelii'') and Tapanuli orangutan (''Pongo tapanuliensis''), it belongs to the only genus of great apes native to Asia. Like the other great apes, orangutans are highly intelligent, displaying tool use and distinct cultural patterns in the wild. Orangutans share approximately 97% of their DNA with humans. Also called mias by the local population, the Bornean orangutan is a critically endangered species, with deforestation, palm oil plantations, and hunting posing a serious threat to its continued existence. Taxonomy The Bornean orangutan and the Sumatran orangutan diverged about 400,000 years ago, with a continued low level of gene flow between them since then. The two orangutan species were considered merely subspecies until 1996; they were elevated to species following sequencing of their mitochondrial DNA. The Bornean orangutan ...
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Amrasca Durianae
''Amrasca'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Cicadellidae. The species of this genus are Southeastern Asia. Species: * ''Amrasca apicoserrata'' Sohi, 1977 * ''Amrasca bella ''Amrasca'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Cicadellidae. The species of this genus are Southeastern Asia. Species: * ''Amrasca apicoserrata ''Amrasca'' is a genus of true bugs Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, com ...'' Dworakowska, 1977 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10409295 Cicadellidae Hemiptera genera ...
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Adoxophyes Privatana
''Adoxophyes privatana'', the appleleaf-curling moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is native to south-east Asia, where it has been recorded from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Hainan in China, Nepal, India, Sri-Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, western Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and the Chagos Archipelago. It is an accidental introduction in Great Britain. Description The wingspan is 15–19 mm. In China this species has several generations per year. The larvae feed on various trees, including fruit trees such as mandarin and guava. Recorded food plants include ''Alternanthera sessilis'', '' Cantharospermum barbatum'', ''Calophyllum inophyllum'', ''Camellia'', ''Carica papaya'', ''Cassia siamea'', ''Citrus'', '' Croton'', ''Derris'', '' Eugenia aquea'', '' Evodia accedens'', '' Desmodium gyroides'', '' Eugenia densiflora'', ''Flacourtia'', ''Glycine max'', ''Jasminum sambac'', ''Lantana'', ...
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Adoretus
''Adoretus'' is a genus of Scarabaeidae or scarab beetles. They are native to Africa and Asia, and two species occur in Europe. Description ''Adoretus'' beetles are elongate and oval in shape, 10-12 long, and brown with a covering of white/cream setae. The head has a broad, circular clypeus with a reflexed margin. Underneath this is a labrum with a median apical projection overhanging the mentum. There is a pair of antennae, each with 9-10 segments and a 3-segmented club. The pronotum has a thickened setose border. The elytra are irregularly coarsely punctate, and the disc usually has 2-3 raised longitudinal lines. There are three pairs of legs. The first pair has two or three teeth on each tibia. The tarsi of the second and third leg pairs are simple and asymmetrical. The tibiae of the last leg pair have truncate apices, each with two apical spurs situated close together. Different species look very similar and can only be told apart by examining genitalia of males or by m ...
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Acrocercops
''Acrocercops'' is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. Species *'' Acrocercops acanthidias'' Meyrick, 1934 *'' Acrocercops achnodes'' Meyrick, 1915 *'' Acrocercops aeglophanes'' (Turner, 1913) *'' Acrocercops aellomacha'' (Meyrick, 1880) *'' Acrocercops aeolellum'' (Meyrick, 1880) *'' Acrocercops aethalota'' (Meyrick, 1880) *'' Acrocercops affinis'' Braun, 1918 *'' Acrocercops albida'' Turner, 1947 *'' Acrocercops albidorsella'' Bradley, 1957 *'' Acrocercops albinatella'' (Chambers, 1872) *'' Acrocercops albofasciella'' Yazaki, 1926 *'' Acrocercops albomaculella'' (Turner, 1894) *'' Acrocercops albomarginatum'' (Walsingham, 1897) *'' Acrocercops allactopa'' Meyrick, 1916 *'' Acrocercops alysidota'' (Meyrick, 1880) *'' Acrocercops amethystopa'' Meyrick, 1916 *'' Acrocercops amurensis'' Kuznetzov, 1960 *'' Acrocercops angelica'' Meyrick, 1919 *'' Acrocercops anthogramma'' Meyrick, 1921 *'' Acrocercops anthracuris'' Meyrick, 1926 *'' Acrocercops antigrapha'' Turner, 1926 * ...
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Gastropoda
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, a ...
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Nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with Arthropod, arthropods, Tardigrade, tardigrades and other moulting animalia, animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike platyhelminthe, flatworms, have tubular digestion, digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over ...
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Arthropod
Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arthropod cuticle, cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an exoskeleton, external skeleton. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. Some species have wings. They are an extremely diverse group, with up to 10 million species. The haemocoel, an arthropod's internal cavity, through which its haemolymph – analogue of blood – circulates, accommodates its interior Organ (anatomy), organs; it has an open circulatory system. Like their exteriors, the internal or ...
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