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List Of French Astronomers
The following are list of French astronomers, astrophysicists and other notable French people who have made contributions to the field of astronomy. They may have won major prizes or awards, developed or invented widely used techniques or technologies within astronomy, or are directors of major observatories or heads of space-based telescope projects. The list The following is a list of notable French astronomers. A *Abba Mari ben Eligdor * Jacques d'Allonville *Marie Henri Andoyer * Voituret Anthelme *Pierre Antonini *François Arago * Henri Arnaut de Zwolle *Jean Audouze *Adrien Auzout B *Benjamin Baillaud * Jules Baillaud *Jean Sylvain Bailly *Paul Baize *Fernand Baldet *Odette Bancilhon *Daniel Barbier *Joseph-Émile Barbier *Aurélien Barrau *Maria A. Barucci *Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel *Michel Benoist *Bernard of Verdun *Guillaume Bigourdan *Immanuel Bonfils *Jean-Marc Bonnet-Bidaud *Alphonse Borrelly *Jean Bosler *Joseph Bossert *François Bouchet *Alexis Bouvard * Louis B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odette Bancilhon
Odette Bancilhon (22 September 1908 – 1998) was a French astronomer. She is best known for her work during the 1930s and 1940s at the Algiers Observatory, in Algeria, North Africa, where she discovered 1333 Cevenola, a stony Eunomian asteroid from the main-belt. Life and work Bancilhon was a graduate in science and she served as a meteorological assistant in Algiers for one year beginning 1 December 1932. On 7 December 1933, she was appointed as Alfred Schmitt's replacement while he performed his military service. In that capacity, in 1934, she discovered the asteroid (1333) Cevenola. (All of her publications at that time were signed ''O. Bancilhon'', a practice of her profession.) She was named an assistant on 1 November 1937. She married her colleague Alfred Schmitt in Algiers on 12 September 1942, and became known professionally as ''O. Schmitt-Bancilhon''. She and her husband were transferred to the Strasbourg Observatory in France on 1 January 1950, and she worked ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Bossert
Joseph François Bossert (30 November 1851 – 21 June 1906) was a French astronomer. Bossert began study at age fifteen at the Paris Observatory. He calculated the orbits of asteroids and comets. He was the main author of three star catalogues: ''Catalogue de 3950 étoiles dont les coordononnés moyennes sont ramenées à l'équinoxe de 1800,0''(1892) * ''Catalogue des movements propres de 2641 étoiles'' (1895) ''Catalogue des étoiles brillantes destiné aux astronomes, voyaguers, ingénieurs et marins''(1906) He was also one of the main contributors to the Astrographic Catalogue project initiated by Mouchez in 1887. Bossert won the Lalande Prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1888 and the Valz Prize in 1896. References External links * J. Bossert@ Astrophysics Data System The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is an online database of over 16 million astronomy and physics papers from both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed sources. Abstracts are available fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Bosler
Jean Bosler (24 March 1878, Angers – 25 September 1973, Marseille) was a French astronomer and author of several books. Recruited by Deslandres as an astronomer at l’observatoire de Paris, Bosler discovered in 1908 in the spectrum of Comet Morehouse the spectral lines of ionized nitrogen, which was the first evidence of that element in comets. Much of his research was on the physical properties and orbits of comets. He made a report on progress in astrophysics in the United States for the 1910 annual report of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1912, he showed in his doctoral dissertation (supervised by Henri Poincaré) that the Sun’s magnetic field, by means of the intermediary of the solar wind, explains many aspects of cometary tails, the aurora borealis and aurora australis, solar storms and telluric currents. During a solar eclipse in 1914, Bosler observed in the corona a spectral band “nouvelle, intense et unique” which he suggested was spectral evidence for coroniu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphonse Borrelly
Alphonse Louis Nicolas Borrelly (December 8, 1842 – February 28, 1926) was a French astronomer. He joined the Marseille Observatory in 1864. In the course of his career, he discovered a number of asteroids and comets, including the periodic comet 19P/Borrelly. The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Prix Valz for 1903 and the Prix Lalande for 1909. The asteroid 1539 Borrelly was named in his honor. In 1913, he received the Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France, the French astronomical society. Comets discovered or co-discovered The following is an incomplete list of comets discovered or co-discovered by Borrelly: * C/1873 Q1 (Borrelly) * C/1877 C1 (Borrelly) * C/1877 G2 (Swift-Borrelly-Block) * C/1889 X1 (Borrelly) * 19P/Borrelly Comet Borrelly or Borrelly's Comet (official designation: 19P/Borrelly) is a periodic comet, which was visited by the spacecraft Deep Space 1 in 2001. The comet last came to perihelion (closest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Marc Bonnet-Bidaud
Jean-Marc Bonnet-Bidaud (born 1950) is a French astrophysicist at the Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA). He is a specialist in high-energy astrophysics and in the study of highly condensed stars in the galaxy (white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes). He is also active in the field of the history of astronomy and in charge of the public outreach for astronomy at CEA. Scientific work Among his highest citation scientific papers are the discovery and collaborative study of an atypical supernova observed in 2006, a scientific review on the enigmatic X-ray source Cygnus X-3 and its reported very high energy emission and the discovery of abnormal CNO abundances among accreting magnetic white dwarfs. History of science Bonnet-Bidaud is the author of the first scientific study of the oldest known stellar map, the Dunhuang Star Chart, also known as the S.3326 manuscript, a document found in China along the Silk road and now kept at the British Library in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immanuel Bonfils
Immanuel ben Jacob Bonfils (c. 1300 – 1377) was a French-Jewish mathematician and astronomer in medieval times who flourished from 1340 to 1377, a rabbi who was a pioneer of exponential calculus and is credited with inventing the system of decimal fractions.Vucinich, Alexander (1963). ''Science in Russian Culture, A History to 1860''. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press He taught astronomy and mathematics in Orange and later lived in Tarascon, both towns in the Holy Roman Empire that are now part of modern-day France. Bonfils studied the works of Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom), the father of modern trigonometry, and Al-Battani and even taught at the academy founded by Gersonides in Orange. Bonfils preceded any attempt at a European decimal system by 150 years,Blech, Benjamin (2004). ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Jewish History and Culture''. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha Books publishing the treatise ''Method of Division by Rabbi Immanuel and Other Topics'' ( he, דרך חילוק) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Bigourdan
Camille Guillaume Bigourdan (; 6 April 1851 – 28 February 1932) was a French astronomer. Personal life Bigourdan was born at Sistels, Tarn-et-Garonne to Pierre Bigourdan and Jeanne Carrière. When his teachers and local curate recognised his intelligence, he was transferred to a local boarding school in Valence d’Agen, where he excelled. In 1870, he received his Baccalauréat with mention of “Assez Bien.” He married Marie Mélanie Sophie Mouchez, the eldest daughter of Admiral Amédée Mouchez. Together, the two had 9 children. The entire family, including the Mouchez cousins, would frequently vacation in Sistels until the outbreak of the First World War, after which Bigourdan would vacation alone. During these vacations, he would farm his land and visit former classmates. He was fluent in Occitan, and spoke it when in Sistels. Academic and Scientific Career Bigourdan studied at the University of Toulouse from 1870, where he received a physics degree in 1874 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Of Verdun
Little is known of the life of Bernard of Verdun, except that he was a Franciscan friar who may have been born in Verdun and lived in the second half of the thirteenth century. His most significant work was the Treatise on the Whole of Astronomy (''Tractatus super totam astrologiam''), in which he defended Ptolemy's theory of epicycles and eccentrics against al-Bitruji's system of homocentric spheres. Contrary to the criticisms of Averroes and al-Bitruji, Bernard maintained that Ptolemy's theory was consistent with Aristotle's physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r .... He further pointed out many technical inadequacies of al-Bitruji's model, and considered it to be insufficiently developed to challenge Ptolemy's system.Bernard of Verdun, "The Reality of Epicycle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel Benoist
Michel Benoist (, 8 October 1715 in Dijon, France – 23 October 1774 in Beijing, China) was a Jesuit scientist who served for thirty years in the court of the Qianlong Emperor (1735 - 1796) during the Qing Dynasty, known for his architectural and landscape designs of the Old Summer Palace (Yuanming Yuan). Along with Giuseppe Castiglione, Benoist served as one of two Jesuit advisors to the Qianlong Emperor, and transformed parts of the Old Summer Palace into what historian Mark Elliott calls an "imitation of Versailles or Fontainebleau." Early life Michel Benoist was born on 8 October 1715 in Dijon, France. The name Benoist is an archaic form of the name " Benoît," and both are used interchangeably in textual sources. Benoist studied in Dijon and at Saint Sulpice, Paris. He entered the Jesuit Novitiate at Nancy on 18 March 1737 and was formally ordained as a Jesuit priest in Trier in 1739. Shortly after, he left for Paris to study mathematics, astronomy, and hydraulics unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aymar De La Baume Pluvinel
Count Aymar Eugène de la Baume Pluvinel (6 November 1860 – 18 July 1938) was a French astronomer and professor in the ''Grandes écoles SupOptique'' (''École supérieure d'optique''). He belonged to an old noble family, whose most famous descendant was Antoine de Pluvinel, King Louis XIII of France, Louis XIII's master of equitation. He was a pioneer of astrophotography on the French expedition to Haiti to observe the Transit of Venus, 1882, transit of Venus in 1882 and on several French expeditions to observer solar eclipses. He was a member of the Société Astronomique de France from 1889 and its president from 1913 to 1919. He was awarded the Valz Prize in 1909 by the French Academy of Sciences. In 1923, he received the Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France, the French astronomical society. References External linksLA BAUME PLUVINEL Aymar de, Eugène Aymar 1860 births 1938 deaths 19th-century French astronomers Members of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria A
Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial *170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 *Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, dark basaltic plains on Earth's Moon Terrestrial *Maria, Maevatanana, Madagascar *Maria, Quebec, Canada * Maria, Siquijor, the Philippines *María, Spain, in Andalusia *Îles Maria, French Polynesia *María de Huerva, Aragon, Spain *Villa Maria (other) Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Maria'' (1947 film), Swedish film * ''Maria'' (1975 film), Swedish film * ''Maria'' (2003 film), Romanian film * ''Maria'' (2019 film), Filipino film * ''Maria'' (2021 film), Canadian film directed by Alec Pronovost * ''Maria'' (Sinhala film), Sri Lankan upcoming film Literature * ''María'' (novel), an 1867 novel by Jorge Isaacs * ''Maria'' (Ukrainian novel), a 1934 novel by the Ukrainian writer Ulas Samchuk * ''Maria'' (play), a 1935 play ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
