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List Of Amarna Letters By Size
This is a List of Amarna letters by size, mostly length X width, and starting with the shortest (in Height). Note: a few Amarna letters are wider than tall, for example EA 290. It should be understood the definition of ''"mayor"'' in the Amarna letters. (The definition of ''King'' is relatively obvious). Some mayors are called the ''"Man Town XXX"''. The obvious description is to call the mayor a governor, (the man who governs, no matter the size of the City-state; ("governor" means "govern-or"). The power of local governors depended on conflicts, or commercial local successes, or of course the discourses, including the everpresent Habiru, ('Apiru). Amarna letter EA 252 Amarna letter EA 365 Amarna letter EA 15 Amarna letter EA 153 Amarna letter EA 367 Amarna letter EA 364 Amarna letter EA 9 Amarna letter EA 161 Amarna letter EA 38 Amarna letter EA 5 Amarna letter EA 35 Amarna letter EA 26 Amarna letter EA 288 Amarna letter EA 19 Amarna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letters
The Amarna letters (; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Ancient Egypt, Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru kingdom, Amurru, or neighboring kingdom leaders, during the New Kingdom, spanning a period of no more than thirty years between c. 1360–1332 BC (see Amarna letters#Chronology, here for dates).Moran, p.xxxiv The letters were found in Upper Egypt at el-Amarna, the modern name for the ancient Egyptian capital of ''Akhetaten'', founded by pharaoh Akhenaten (1350s–1330s BC) during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, because they are written not in the language of ancient Egypt, but in cuneiform, the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia. Most are in a variety of Akkadian language, Akkadian sometim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parvancorina Species
''Parvancorina'' is a genus of shield-shaped bilaterally symmetrical fossil animal that lived in the late Ediacaran seafloor. It has some superficial similarities with the Cambrian trilobite-like arthropods. Etymology The generic name is derived from a crasis compound word from the Latin ''parva ancora'' (small anchor). The specific name of the type species, ''P. minchami'', honors Mr. H. Mincham, the private collector, who in 1957 had collected and presented a number of fine specimens of Ediacaran fossils to the South Australian Museum. The specific name of ''P. sagitta'' is the Latin word ''sagitta'' (arrow), in direct reference to the arrow-like shape. Occurrence ''P. minchami'' fossils were first discovered in the Ediacara Member of the Rawnslay Quartzite, Flinders Ranges, in South Australia. This species is also known from deposits of the Verkhovka, Zimnegory and Yorga Formations in the White Sea area of the Arkhangelsk Region, Russia. Additionally, similar poorly preserve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaveliksia Velikanovi
''Vaveliksia'' is an extinct genus of Ediacaran Sponge-like organism with a long, tubular-shaped body and a attachment disk similar to that of Petalonamids. The ''Vaveliksia'' genus contained two species, ''Vaveliksia velikanovi'' (which honours Vyacheslav A. Velikanov, a Ukrainian geologist) as well as ''Vaveliksia vana'' (with "vana" meaning ''incorporeal in Latin''). The two species vary in appearance to one another, with ''V. velikanovi'' having a more tubular-shaped, sack-like morphology with a crown of wrinkles on top of one of its ends as well as possessing a much more disk-like holdfast with ''V. vana'' having an appearance more similar to that of a Poriferan, with ''V. vana'' having a much more dome-shaped holdfast and a capsule-like body with no crown of wrinkles unlike ''V. velikanovi''. Etymology The generic epithet ''Vaveliksia'' and specific epithet of the type species ''V. velikanovi'' honor the Ukrainian geologist, Vyacheslav A. Velikanov. The specific epithe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaveliksia
''Vaveliksia'' is an extinct genus of Ediacaran Sponge-like organism with a long, tubular-shaped body and a attachment disk similar to that of Petalonamids. The ''Vaveliksia'' genus contained two species, ''Vaveliksia velikanovi'' (which honours Vyacheslav A. Velikanov, a Ukrainian geologist) as well as ''Vaveliksia vana'' (with "vana" meaning ''incorporeal in Latin''). The two species vary in appearance to one another, with ''V. velikanovi'' having a more tubular-shaped, sack-like morphology with a crown of wrinkles on top of one of its ends as well as possessing a much more disk-like holdfast with ''V. vana'' having an appearance more similar to that of a Poriferan, with ''V. vana'' having a much more dome-shaped holdfast and a capsule-like body with no crown of wrinkles unlike ''V. velikanovi''. Etymology The generic epithet ''Vaveliksia'' and specific epithet of the type species ''V. velikanovi'' honor the Ukrainian geologist, Vyacheslav A. Velikanov. The specific epithe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Sponge
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the last common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals. Etymology The term ''sponge'' derives from the Ancient Greek word ( 'sponge'). Overview Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimberella Blue
''Kimberella'' is an extinct genus of bilaterian known only from rocks of the Ediacaran period. The slug-like organism fed by scratching the microbial surface on which it dwelt in a manner similar to the gastropods, although its affinity with this group is contentious. Specimens were first found in Australia's Ediacara Hills, but recent research has concentrated on the numerous finds near the White Sea in Russia, which cover an interval of time from . As with many fossils from this time, its evolutionary relationships to other organisms are hotly debated. Paleontologists initially classified ''Kimberella'' as a type of Cubozoan, but, since 1997, features of its anatomy and its association with scratch marks resembling those made by a radula have been interpreted as signs that it may have been a mollusc. Although some paleontologists dispute its classification as a mollusc, it is generally accepted as being at least a bilaterian. The classification of ''Kimberella'' is import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimberella Quadrata
''Kimberella'' is an extinct genus of bilaterian known only from rocks of the Ediacaran period. The slug-like organism fed by scratching the microbial surface on which it dwelt in a manner similar to the gastropods, although its affinity with this group is contentious. Specimens were first found in Australia's Ediacara Hills, but recent research has concentrated on the numerous finds near the White Sea in Russia, which cover an interval of time from . As with many fossils from this time, its evolutionary relationships to other organisms are hotly debated. Paleontologists initially classified ''Kimberella'' as a type of Cubozoan, but, since 1997, features of its anatomy and its association with scratch marks resembling those made by a radula have been interpreted as signs that it may have been a mollusc. Although some paleontologists dispute its classification as a mollusc, it is generally accepted as being at least a bilaterian. The classification of ''Kimberella'' is import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimberella
''Kimberella'' is an extinct genus of bilaterian known only from rocks of the Ediacaran period. The slug-like organism fed by scratching the microbial surface on which it dwelt in a manner similar to the gastropods, although its affinity with this group is contentious. Specimens were first found in Australia's Ediacara Hills, but recent research has concentrated on the numerous finds near the White Sea in Russia, which cover an interval of time from . As with many fossils from this time, its evolutionary relationships to other organisms are hotly debated. Paleontologists initially classified ''Kimberella'' as a type of Cubozoan, but, since 1997, features of its anatomy and its association with scratch marks resembling those made by a radula have been interpreted as signs that it may have been a mollusc. Although some paleontologists dispute its classification as a mollusc, it is generally accepted as being at least a bilaterian. The classification of ''Kimberella'' is imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusca
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastropod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridinium
''Pteridinium'' is an erniettomorph found in a number of Precambrian deposits worldwide. It is a member of the Ediacaran biota. Body plan The three-lobed body is generally flat such that only two lobes are visible. Each lobe consists of a number of parallel ribs extending back to the main axis where the three lobes come together. Even on well-preserved specimens, there is no sign of a mouth, anus, eyes, legs, antennae, or any other appendages or organs. The organism grew primarily by the addition of new units, probably at both ends, with the inflation of existing units contributing little to its growth. Ecology Specimens found in what is thought to be life positions indicate that the creature rested on — or possibly in — the sediment in shallow seas. No tracks are known that would seem to be consistent with a moving ''Pteridinium''. It is unclear whether it performed photosynthesis, or osmotically extracted nutrients from seawater. Occurrence Fossils are common in late Preca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erniettomorph
The Erniettomorphs are a form of Ediacaran fossil consisting of rows of airbed-like tubes arranged along a midline with a glide symmetry. Representative genera include '' Ernietta'', '' Phyllozoon'', ''Pteridinium'', ''Swartpuntia''. Undisputed Erniettomorphs were Ediacaran, but the species '' Erytholus'', ''Rutgersella'', and ''Protonympha'', who have by some been included in this group but are by no means clear members, are found through to the Late Devonian . Their affinity is uncertain; they probably form a clade and are most likely a sister group to the rangeomorphs, which bear a similar (though fractal) construction. Placements within the metazoan crown-group have been rebutted, and it is most likely that these peculiar organisms lie in the stem group to the animals. There is no evidence that they possessed a mouth or gut. Because they may have been found in water which was too deep to permit photosynthesis – and in some cases, lived half-buried in sediment, it is spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inaria Karli
''Inaria'' is an Ediacaran fossil. It is found in the Chace Range in Australia, and the White Sea area in Russia. It has radial symmetry and has been described as a tentacle-less cnidarian. The organism had a sac-like body that resembled a cluster of garlic or conical flask in shape, with a broad bulbous base embedded in the mud, and a tube extending above the sea floor. The body cavity of ''Inaria'' was a single chamber with the inner surface of the body wall forming deep invaginations that partitioned the cavernous stomach into several septa. In its deep environment it seems that it was the only species. ''Inaria'' was found in lower shoreface muds. Australia Post issued a 50 cent stamp featuring ''Inaria'' on 21 April 2005 in a series entitled Creatures of the slime. One species known as ''Inaria karli'' was named by Jim Gehling in 1987. He published in ''A Cnidarian of Actinian-Grade from the Ediacaran Pound Subgroup of South Australia''. Alcheringa 12: 299-314. See also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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