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Lean Thinking
Lean thinking is a management framework made up of a philosophy, practices and principles which aim to help practitioners improve efficiency and the quality of work. Lean thinking encourages whole organisation participation. The goal is to organise human activities to deliver more benefits to society and value to individuals while eliminating waste. History The term "lean thinking" was coined by mechanical engineer and MIT graduate student John Krafcik in 1988, who subsequently went on to run Google LLC's autonomous driving unit for many years. Principles Lean thinking is a way of thinking about an activity and seeing the waste inadvertently generated by the way the process is organized. It uses five key principles: *Value *Value streams *Flow *Pull *Perfection The aim of lean thinking is to create a lean culture, one that sustains growth by aligning customer satisfaction with employee satisfaction, and that offers innovative products or services profitably while minimizing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Krafcik
John F. Krafcik (born September 18, 1961) was the CEO of Waymo from 2015 to 2021. Krafcik was the former president of True Car Inc. and president and CEO of Hyundai Motor America. He was named CEO of Google's self-driving car project in September 2015. Krafcik remained CEO after Google separated its self-driving car project and transitioned it into a new company called Waymo, housed under Google's parent company Alphabet Inc. Early life and education Krafcik grew up in Southington, Connecticut. He studied mechanical engineering at Stanford University, where he graduated in 1983. He received his master's degree in management from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1988, where he studied under James P. Womack. Career Krafcik worked in traditional automotive manufacturing for several decades before moving to Google's self-driving car project in 2015. His first job was at New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc., a joint venture between General Motors and Toyota, as a quality a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital Expenditure
Capital expenditure or capital expense (capex or CAPEX) is the money an organization or corporate entity spends to buy, maintain, or improve its fixed assets, such as buildings, vehicles, equipment, or land. It is considered a capital expenditure when the asset is newly purchased or when money is used towards extending the useful life of an existing asset, such as repairing the roof. Capital expenditures contrast with operating expenses (opex), which are ongoing expenses that are inherent to the operation of the asset. Opex includes items like electricity or cleaning. The difference between opex and capex may not be immediately obvious for some expenses; for instance, repaving the parking lot may be thought of inherent to the operation of a shopping mall. The dividing line for items like these is that the expense is considered capex if the financial benefit of the expenditure extends beyond the current fiscal year. Usage Capital expenditures are the funds used to acquire or upgra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Terms
Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit." Having a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible and liable for debts incurred by the business. If the business acquires debts, the creditors can go after the owner's personal possessions. A business structure does not allow for corporate tax rates. The proprietor is personally taxed on all income from the business. The term is also often used colloquially (but not by lawyers or by public officials) to refer to a company, such as a corporation or cooperative. Corporations, in contrast with sole proprietors and partnerships, are a separate legal entity and provide limited liability for their owners/members, as well as being subject to corporate tax rates. A corporation is more complicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardiff University
, latin_name = , image_name = Shield of the University of Cardiff.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of arms of Cardiff University , motto = cy, Gwirionedd, Undod a Chytgord , mottoeng = Truth, Unity and Concord , established = 1883 (/)2005 (independent university status) , type = Public , endowment = £45.5 million (2021) , budget = £603.4 million (2020–21) , total_staff = 6,900 (2019/20) , academic_staff = 3,350 (2019/20) , chancellor = Jenny Randerson , vice_chancellor = Colin Riordan , students = () , undergrad = () , postgrad = () , other = , city = Cardiff , country = Wales, United Kingdom , coor = , campus = Urban , colours = , mascot = , affiliations = Russell Group EUA Universities UKGW4 , website cardiff.ac.uk, logo = Cardiff University ( cy, Prifysgol Caerdydd) is a public research university in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. It was established in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Push–pull Strategy
The business terms ''push'' and ''pull'' originated in logistics and supply chain management, but are also widely used in marketing and in the hotel distribution business. Walmart is an example of a company that uses the push vs. pull strategy. Supply-chain management Complete definition There are several definitions on the distinction between push and pull strategies. Liberopoulos (2013) identifies three such definitions: # A pull system initiates production as a reaction to present demand, while a push system initiates production in anticipation of future demand. # In a pull system, production is triggered by actual demands for finished products, while in a push system, production is initiated independently of demands. # A pull system is one that explicitly limits the amount of WIP that can be in the system, while a push system has no explicit limit on the amount of WIP that can be in the system. Other definitions are: * ''Push'': As stated by Bonney et al. (1999) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lean Manufacturing
Lean manufacturing is a production method aimed primarily at reducing times within the production system as well as response times from suppliers and to customers. It is closely related to another concept called just-in-time manufacturing (JIT manufacturing in short). Just-in-time manufacturing tries to match production to demand by only supplying goods which have been ordered and focuses on efficiency, productivity (with a commitment to continuous improvement) and reduction of "wastes" for the producer and supplier of goods. Lean manufacturing adopts the just-in-time approach and additionally focuses on reducing cycle, flow and throughput times by further eliminating activities which do not add any value for the customer. Lean manufacturing also involves people who work outside of the manufacturing process, such as in marketing and customer service. Lean manufacturing is particularly related to the operational model implemented in the post-war 1950s and 1960s by the J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lean Enterprise
Lean enterprise is a practice focused on value creation for the end customer with minimal waste and processes. The term has historically been associated with lean manufacturing and Six Sigma (or Lean Six Sigma) due to lean principles being popularized by Toyota in the automobile manufacturing industry and subsequently the electronics and internet software industries. Principles and variants Principles for lean enterprise derive from lean manufacturing and Six Sigma principles: There are five principles, originating from lean manufacturing, outlined by James Womack and Daniel Jones * Value: Understand clearly what value the customer wants for the product or service. * Value Stream: The entire flow of a product's or service's life cycle. In other words, from raw materials, production of the product or service, customer delivery, customer use, and final disposal. * Flow: Keep the value stream moving. If it's not moving, it's creating waste and less value for the customer. * P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Damage
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Environmental concerns can be defined as the negative effects of any human activity on the environment. The biological as well as the physical features of the environment are included. Some of the primary environmental challenges that are causing great worry are air pollution, water pollution, natural environment pollution, rubbish pollution, and so o Environmental degradation is one of the ten threats officially cautioned by the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, high-level PaneI on Threats, Challenges and Change of the United Nations. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction defines environmental degra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taylorism
Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes to management. Scientific management is sometimes known as Taylorism after its pioneer, Frederick Winslow Taylor. Mitcham, Carl and Adam, Briggle ''Management'' in Mitcham (2005) p. 1153 Taylor began the theory's development in the United States during the 1880s and 1890s within manufacturing industries, especially steel. Its peak of influence came in the 1910s. Although Taylor died in 1915, by the 1920s scientific management was still influential but had entered into competition and syncretism with opposing or complementary ideas. Although scientific management as a distinct theory or school of thought was obsolete by the 1930s, most of its themes are still important parts of industrial engineering and management today. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andon (manufacturing)
Signboard In manufacturing, andon ( ja, アンドン or あんどん or 行灯) is a system which notifies managerial, maintenance, and other workers of a quality or process problem. The alert can be activated manually by a worker using a pullcord or button or may be activated automatically by the production equipment itself. The system may include a means to pause production so the issue can be corrected. Some modern alert systems incorporate audio alarms, text, or other displays; stack lights are among the most commonly used. “Andon” is a loanword from Japanese, originally meaning ''paper lantern''; Japanese manufacturers began its quality-control usage. Details An andon system is one of the principal elements of the Jidoka quality control method pioneered by Toyota as part of the Toyota Production System and therefore now part of the lean production approach. The principle of Andon works as such: if there are any production issues happening in Production line, the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomation
Autonomation describes a feature of machine design to effect the principle of （じどうか jidouka), used in the Toyota Production System (TPS) and lean manufacturing. It may be described as "intelligent automation" or "automation with a human touch". This type of automation implements some supervisory functions rather than production functions. At Toyota, this usually means that if an abnormal situation arises, the machine stops and the worker will stop the production line. It is a quality control process that applies the following four principles: # Detect the abnormality. # Stop. # Fix or correct the immediate condition. # Investigate the root cause and install a countermeasure. Autonomation aims to prevent the production of defective products, eliminate overproduction and focus attention on understanding the problems and ensuring that they do not reoccur. Purpose and implementation Shigeo Shingo calls autonomation "pre-automation". It separates workers from machines throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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