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Law Of Croatia
The law of Croatia is part of the legal system of Croatia. It belongs to the civil law legal system. It is grounded on the principles laid out in the Constitution of Croatia and safeguarded by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. Croatian Law system is largely influenced by German and Austrian law systems. It is significantly influenced by the Civil Code of the Austrian Empire (1811), known in Croatia as ''Opći građanski zakon'' (OGZ) ''(General Civil Law)''. It was in force from 1853 to 1946, with some provisions still applying in the modern day. The Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi-controlled puppet state was established in 1941 during World War II, used the OGZ as a basis for the 1943 ''Base of the Civil Code for the Independent State of Croatia'' ''(Osnova građanskoga zakona za Nezavisnu Državu Hrvatsku)''. After the War, Croatia become a member of the Yugoslav Federation which enacted in 1946 the ''Law on immediate voiding of regulations passed bef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal System
The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law. Both ''civil'' (also known as ''Roman'') and ''common'' law systems can be considered the most widespread in the world: civil law because it is the most widespread by landmass and by population overall, and common law because it is employed by the greatest number of people compared to any single civil law system. Civil law The source of law that is recognized as authoritative is codifications in a constitution or statute passed by legislature, to amend a code. While the concept of codification dates back to the Code of Hammurabi in Babylon ca. 1790 BC, civil law systems derive from the Roman Empire and, more p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialization (economics)
Social ownership is the appropriation of the surplus product, produced by the means of production, or the wealth that comes from it, to society as a whole. It is the defining characteristic of a socialist economic system. It can take the form of community ownership, state ownership, common ownership, employee ownership, cooperative ownership, and citizen ownership of equity. Traditionally, social ownership implied that capital and factor markets would cease to exist under the assumption that market exchanges within the production process would be made redundant if capital goods were owned and integrated by a single entity or network of entities representing society; but the articulation of models of market socialism where factor markets are utilized for allocating capital goods between socially owned enterprises broadened the definition to include autonomous entities within a market economy. Social ownership of the means of production is the common defining characteristic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital Punishment In Croatia
Capital punishment in Croatia existed until 1991 when it was constitutionally abolished. The last execution had taken place under Yugoslavia in 1987. Notable executions In the time of Yugoslavia, several court cases resulted in capital punishment: * Luka Javorina, chief of a railway station in Plavno (on today's M604 railway), was drunk at work and caused the death of 20 people in a rail disaster of 15 August 1949. He was executed by firing squad on 24 October 1949. * Kazimir Antić and his brother Ivan conspired to rob the Kremenić family on Cres. During the robbery, Kazimir Antić murdered Josip Kremenić with a bat, and injured his sister Marija. Antić was sentenced to death on 6 November 1967 and was executed on 6 November 1968. * Ferdo Darić murdered an elderly couple, Petar and Bara Biličić, in Draganić, by killing them with an axe in their sleep. The Court in Karlovac had him executed in 1970. * Jovan Bugarski went to rob the house of Adela Bašić in Samobor, and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Life Imprisonment In Croatia
, there is no life imprisonment in Croatia. The Criminal Code prescribes long-time imprisonment - 20 to 50 years - for the most severe criminal offenses. ''Kazneni zakon'', 2011, ''IV. Kazne'', article 46. ''Kazna dugotrajnog zatvora'' The maximum sentence for a single count is 40 years, while the maximum cumulative sentence is 50 years, even if the sum of sentences for each convicted count exceeds 50 years. Life imprisonment was introduced in July 2003 but was abolished in 2004 after the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia ruled that the law had been changed without the required two-thirds supermajority in the Croatian Parliament. A subsequent attempt to reintroduce life imprisonment was defeated in the parliamentary procedure. Some Croatian politicians and law experts still support the introduction of life imprisonment. The opponents argue that long-time imprisonment is a sufficient deterrent and that for many convicted criminals it is essentially equivalent to life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murder (Croatian Law)
In Croatian law, murder is classified into 3 categories: ''ubojstvo'', ''teško ubojstvo'' and ''usmrćenje'' according to the 10th section of the Criminal Law of 2011. ''Teško ubojstvo'': Murder with Special Circumstances Any murder of a police officer, child under the age of 14, murder of multiple people, or murder committed along with any violent felony classifies as murder with special circumstances. It is punishable with no less than 10 years imprisonment, or a long-term sentence (up to 40 years of imprisonment under Croatian law). ''Ubojstvo'': Murder This is classified any intentional killing of another human being with no special circumstances. Punishable with no less than 5 years of imprisonment. ''Usmrćenje'' and ''Prouzročenje smrti iz nehaja'': Manslaughter There are three forms of ''usmrćenje'', or reckless murder: * A murder that has been provoked - punishable no less than 1 year and not more than 10 years of prison. ''Kazneni zakon'', 2011, ''X. Kaznena djela p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Nationality Law
The Croatian nationality law dates back from June 26, 1991, with amendments on May 8, 1992, October 28, 2011, and January 1, 2020, and an interpretation of the Constitutional Court in 1993. It is based upon the Constitution of Croatia (Chapter II, articles 9 and 10). It is mainly based on jus sanguinis. Acquisition of Croatian citizenship Croatian citizenship can be acquired in the following ways: # ': By descent if at least one of the parents is a Croatian citizen # ': By birth in Croatia (one parent must have Croatian citizenship), or a child found in Croatia whose parents are unknown # By naturalisation # By international treaties Citizenship by descent Under Article 4 of the Law on Croatian Citizenship, a child acquires Croatian citizenship by origin: # if both of the child's parents are Croatian citizens at the time of the child's birth; # if one of the child's parents is a Croatian citizen at the time of the child's birth and the child is born in the Republic of Croatia; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narodne Novine
''Narodne novine'' () is the official gazette (or newspaper of public record) of the Republic of Croatia which publishes laws, regulations, appointments and official decisions and releases them in the public domain. It is published by the eponymous public company. The Narodne novine started as the ''Novine Horvatzke'', first published on January 6, 1835, by Ljudevit Gaj, who created and printed the paper. The first usage of the term "Narodne novine" was in 1843, but the paper changed several names over the years, usually according to the name of the state that Croatia was part of. Gaj sold the original publishing company to the government in 1868. The current incarnation of the company was officially founded in 1952. In 2001 the company became a public company ( hr, dioničko društvo). The ''Narodne novine'' as the official gazette of the Republic of Croatia promulgates acts, laws and other rules and regulations of the Croatian Parliament, bylaws of the Croatian Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Parliament
The Croatian Parliament ( hr, Hrvatski sabor) or the Sabor is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Croatia. Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution, the Sabor represents the people and is vested with legislative power. The Sabor is composed of 151 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct, universal and equal suffrage by secret ballot. Seats are allocated according to the Croatian Parliament electoral districts: 140 members of the parliament are elected in multi-seat constituencies. An additional three seats are reserved for the diaspora and Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while national minorities have eight places reserved in parliament. The Sabor is presided over by a Speaker, who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker (usually four or five deputies). The Sabor's powers are defined by the Constitution and they include: defining economic, legal and political relations in Croatia, preservation and use of its heritage and entering into alli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement In Croatia
Law enforcement in Croatia is the responsibility of the Croatian Police ( hr, Hrvatska policija), which is the national police force of the country subordinated by the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia, carrying out certain tasks, the so-called, police activities, laid down by law. The Police deals with the following affairs: protection of individual life, rights, security and integrity, protection of property, prevention and detection of criminal offences, misdemeanors, violations, search for perpetrators of criminal offences, misdemeanors, violations and their bringing before competent authorities, control and management of road traffic, conducting affairs with aliens, control and security of state border, and other affairs defined by law. In the operative sense, police affairs are divided into affairs related to public peace and order, affairs related to security of public gatherings, affairs of the border police, affairs of safety of road traffic, affairs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acquis Communautaire
The Community acquis or ''acquis communautaire'' (; ), sometimes called the EU acquis and often shortened to acquis, is the accumulated legislation, legal acts and court decisions that constitute the body of European Union law that came into being since 1993. The term is French: ''acquis'' meaning "that which has been acquired or obtained", and ''communautaire'' meaning "of the community". Chapters During the process of the enlargement of the European Union, the acquis was divided into 31 chapters for the purpose of negotiation between the EU and the candidate member states for the fifth enlargement (the ten that joined in 2004 plus Romania and Bulgaria which joined in 2007). These chapters were: # Free movement of goods #Free movement of persons # Freedom to provide services # Free movement of capital # Company law #Competition policy #Agriculture #Fisheries #Transport policy #Taxation #Economic and Monetary Union #Statistics #Social policy and employment #Energy #Industrial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been described as a '' sui generis'' political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.8per cent of the world population in 2020, the EU generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around trillion in 2021, constituting approximately 18per cent of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states but Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the Customs Union, paved the way to establishing an internal single market based on standardised legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Law
Socialist law or Soviet law denotes a general type of legal system which has been (and continues to be) used in socialist and formerly socialist states. It is based on the civil law system, with major modifications and additions from Marxist-Leninist ideology. There is controversy as to whether socialist law ever constituted a separate legal system or not. If so, prior to the end of the Cold War, ''socialist law'' would be ranked among the major legal systems of the world. While civil law systems have traditionally put great pains in defining the notion of private property, how it may be acquired, transferred, or lost, socialist law systems provide for most property to be owned by the Government or by agricultural co-operatives, and having special courts and laws for state enterprises. Many scholars argue that socialist law was not a separate legal classification. Although the command economy approach of the communist states meant that most types of property could not be ow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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