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Latvian SSR
The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Latvian SSR), also known as Soviet Latvia or simply Latvia, was a federated republic within the Soviet Union, and formally one of its 16 (later 15) constituent republics. The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic was in existence for 51 years, from August 5, 1940 to September, 6 1991. The Soviet annexation of Latvia took place in August of 1939 to the agreed terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact). In 1939 Latvia was forced to grant military bases on its soil to the Soviet Union, and in 1940 the Soviet Red Army moved into Latvia, which was effectively incorporated into the Soviet Union. The territory changed hands during World War II with Nazi Germany occupying a large portion of Latvian territory from 1941 to 1944. Soviet instability and the dissolution of the Soviet Union provided the impetus for Latvia to regain independence. Creation, 1940 On 24 September 1939, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Soviet Of The Latvian SSR
The Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR ( Latvian: ''Latvijas PSR Augstākā Padome''; Russian: Верховный Совет Латвийской ССР, ''Verkhovnyy Sovet Latvyyskoy SSR'') was the supreme soviet (main legislative institution) of the Latvian SSR, one of the union republics of the Soviet Union. The Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR was established in 1940 and finally disbanded in 1990 and was briefly succeeded by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia. According to the 1978 Constitution of the Latvian SSR, representatives could serve an unlimited amount of 5-year terms. The Supreme Soviet consisted of 325 deputies before its dissolution. Organization The structure and functions of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR were copied from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The sessions of the Supreme Soviet lasted only several days twice a year and decisions were made unanimously and without much discussion. Elections for the Supreme Soviet were hel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of The Baltic States
The Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were invaded and occupied in June 1940 by the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Stalin and auspices of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact that had been signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in August 1939, immediately before the outbreak of World War II. The three countries were then annexed into the Soviet Union (formally as " constituent republics") in August 1940. The United States and most other Western countries never recognised this incorporation, considering it illegal. On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union and within weeks occupied the Baltic territories. In July 1941, the Third Reich incorporated the Baltic territory into its '' Reichskommissariat Ostland''. As a result of the Red Army's Baltic Offensive of 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states and trapped the remaining German forces in the Courland pocket until their formal surrender in May 1945. Latvian plenipot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-party State
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of sovereign state in which only one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution. All other parties are either outlawed or allowed to take only a limited and controlled participation in elections. Sometimes the term "''de facto'' one-party state" is used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike the one-party state, allows (at least nominally) democratic multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power. Although it is predated by the 1714 to 1783 "age of the Whig oligarchy" in Great Britain, the rule of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) over the Ottoman Empire following the 1913 coup d'etat is often considered the first one-party state. Concept One-party states justify themselves through various methods. Most often, proponents of a on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolijs Gorbunovs
Anatolijs Gorbunovs, also known as Anatoly Valeryanovich Gorbunov ( rus, Анато́лий Валериа́нович Горбуно́в, born 10 February 1942, in Pilda parish, Ludza municipality, Latvia), is a Latvian politician who served as the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet during the final years of the Soviet regime in Latvia and as Chairman of the Supreme Council of Latvia during the first years after the country regained its independence. In the latter capacity he was effectively the acting head of state before the election of the Fifth Saeima in 1993. He continued to serve as the Speaker of the Saeima until 1995. Political career From 1974 to 1988, he held various positions in the Communist Party of Latvia, with his highest position being the Secretary of the Central Committee. Unlike many other Communist Party members in Latvia, Gorbunovs supported the Latvian independence movement. From 1988 to 1990 he was also Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Sov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusts Kirhenšteins
Augusts Kirhenšteins, formerly spelt Kirchenšteins (18 September 1872 in Mazsalaca – 3 November 1963 in Riga), was a Latvian and Soviet microbiologist, politician and educator. He was the ''de facto'' prime minister of Latvia from 20 June 1940 to 25 August 1940 and Acting ''de facto'' President of Latvia from 21 July 1940 to 25 August 1940. It was Kirhenšteins' Soviet puppet government that requested the incorporation of Latvia into the Soviet Union after the occupation of the country in 1940. He became a member of the Communist Party in 1941. He was Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1940–1952. Biography Augusts Kirhenšteins was born on 18 September 1872 on the estate of Valtenberg Manor in Mazsalaca, in the Governorate of Livonia. He was the eldest son of the tenant Mārtiņš Kirhenšteins and his wife Baba, in a family of eleven children. Augusts Kirhenšteins' brother, Rūdolfs Kirhenšteins (1891-1938), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chairmen Of The Presidium Of The Supreme Soviet Of The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic was the highest official in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was in turn a part of the Soviet Union. Below is a list of office-holders: {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! Entered office ! Left office , - , Augusts Kirhenšteins , August 25, 1940 , April 11, 1952According to some sources March 10, 1952 , - , Kārlis Ozoliņš , April 11, 1952 , November 27, 1959 , - , Jānis Kalnbērziņš , November 27, 1959 , May 5, 1970 , - , Vitālijs RubenisSilde, Adolfs"The role of Russian-Latvians in the Sovietization of Latvia" ''Journal of Baltic Studies'', 1987, pg. 202 , May 5, 1970 , August 20, 1974 , - , Pēteris Strautmanis , August 20, 1974 , June 22, 1985 , - , Jānis Vagris , June 22, 1985 , October 6, 1988 , - , Anatolijs Gorbunovs , October 6, 1988 , May 3, 1990 See also *President of Latvia Footnotes Sources World Statesmen – Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jānis Vagris
Jānis Vagris (born ) is a Latvian politician. He served as the sixth Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1985 to 1988, and as Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia from 1988 to 1990. Early life Vagris was born on 17 October 1930 in Naudītes Parish. He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics at the University of Latvia and the Higher Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1955. Career He then worked as an engineer at a factory in Jelgava. During this time Vagris also served as the deputy chairman of the executive committee of the city. Vagris joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1958. From 1966 to 1973, Vagris was the first and second secretary of the Liepājā city committee, after which he joined the Communist Party of Latvia. In 1978 Vagris was appointed as the first secretary of the Riga city committee. On he became the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boriss Pugo
Boris Karlovich Pugo, OAN ( lv, Boriss Pugo, russian: Борис Карлович Пуго; 19 February 1937 – 22 August 1991) was a Soviet Communist politician of Latvian origin. Biography Early life and education Pugo was born in Kalinin, Russian SFSR (now Tver, Russia) into a family of Latvian communists who had left Latvia after anti-communist regime was established in Latvia in 1918 after the Communist side was defeated in the separatist war. His family returned to Latvia after the Soviet Union occupied and annexed it in 1940. Pugo graduated from Riga Polytechnical Institute in 1960 and worked in various Komsomol, Communist Party and Soviet government positions, both in Latvia and Moscow. Party career Pugo served in various positions between 1960 and 1984 including the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the Latvian SSR, a secretary of the Central Committee of Komsomol of the USSR, the First Secretary of the Riga City Committee of the Communis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusts Voss
Augusts Voss ( rus, Август Эдуардович Восс; 30 October 1919, Saltykovo – 10 February 1994, Moscow) was a Soviet politician of Latvian origin and party functionary. Before World War II he worked as a school teacher. In 1940, he was mobilized into the Red Army and served as a politruk. From 1945, he served as a party apparatchik in Latvia. From 1966 till 1984, he was First Secretary (later: General Secretary) of the Communist Party of Latvia and member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1971 till 1990. From 1984 till 1989, he was Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities, upper chamber of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. He did not return to Latvia and died in Moscow in 1994, where he is also buried. See also *Arvīds Pelše *Alfrēds Rubiks Alfrēds Rubiks (russian: Альфред Петрович Рубикс, ''Alfred Petrovich Rubiks''; born 24 September 1935, in Daugavpils), is a Latvian communist politici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arvīds Pelše
Arvīds Pelše (russian: А́рвид Я́нович Пе́льше, Arvid Yanovich Pelshe; – 29 May 1983) was a Latvian Soviet politician, functionary, and historian. Career Pelše was born into a peasant family, in "Mazie" farm near Zālīte, Iecava in Bauska District, Latvia to Johan Pelše and his wife Lisa. He was baptized in the village church on 14 March of the same year. As a worker in Riga, Pelše joined the Social-Democratic Party (Bolsheviks) of the Latvian Region in 1915. In 1916, he met Lenin in Switzerland.Who's Who in ''Russia Since 1900'', Martin McCauley Between 1914 and 1918, Pelše worked in the workshops of Riga and Vitebsk, as a milling machine operator at the steam-engine making plant in Kharkov, as a punching worker in Petrograd and a loader in the port of Arkhangelsk. On behalf of the local committees he had joined the revolutionary propaganda. He was a delegate of the sixth congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party of the Arkha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jānis Kalnbērziņš
Jānis Kalnbērziņš (17 September 1893 – 4 February 1986) was a Latvian Soviet politician and statesman who was the first secretary of the Communist Party of Latvia and the first de facto leader of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. Biography Born in to a working-class family in Katlakalns Parish (now Ķekava Municipality) in the Governorate of Livonia, Kalnbērziņš joined the Bolshevik Party in April 1917. After the defeat of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic, he enlisted in the ranks of the Red Latvian Riflemen and fought against the white forces during the Russian Civil War in the Southern Front. From 1925 he was active in the underground Communist movement of Latvia but returned to the RSFSR in 1928. He graduated from the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West in 1931 and from the Institute of Red Professors in 1933. Kalnbērziņš continued underground party work in Latvia. His wife was arrested in 1937 during the Great Purge and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Latvia
The Communist Party of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Komunistiskā partija, LKP) was a political party in Latvia. History Latvian Social-Democracy prior to 1919 The party was founded at a congress in June 1904. Initially the party was known as the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party (LSDSP). During its second party congress in 1905 it adopted the programme of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) as its own. At the Fourth Congress of the RSDLP in 1906, the LSDSP entered the RSDLP as a territorial organisation, and after the congress its name was changed Social-Democracy of the Latvian Territory. The party held its fourth congress in Brussels January 26 to February 8, 1914. In May 1918 Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party was founded by the Menshevik elements who had been expelled from the LSD. Rule in Soviet Latvia, 1919–1920 The party briefly governed the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic in 1919; and changed its name to the Communist Party of Latvia in Marc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
