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Language Isolates And Independent Language Families In Arunachal
Arunachal languages are various languages in Arunachal Pradesh, India traditionally classified as Sino-Tibetan languages, but that may be language isolates and independent language families according to some scholars. Blench (2011) proposed four language isolates ( Hruso, Miji, Miju, and Puroik) and three independent families ( Mishmic, Kamengic, and Siangic).Blench, Roger. 2011''(De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconsidering the evidence'' However, this is disputed by Anderson (2014)Anderson, Gregory D.S. 2014. ''On the classification of the Hruso (Aka) language''. Paper presented at the 20th Himalayan Languages Symposium, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. and others, who consider them to be primary branches of Sino-Tibetan rather than as isolates or independent language phyla. Arunachal families *Arunachal ** Hrusish languages *** Hruso *** Miji languages:Blench, Roger. 2015''The Mijiic languages: distribution, dialects, wordlist and classification'' m.s. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and largest town. It borders the Indian states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares Borders of India, international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east, and a disputed 1,129 km border with China's Tibet Autonomous Region in the north at the McMahon Line. Arunachal Pradesh is claimed in its entirety by China as South Tibet as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region; China Sino-Indian War, occupied some regions of Arunachal Pradesh in 1962 but later withdrew its forces. As of the 2011 Census of India, Arunachal Pradesh has a population of 1,383,727 and an area of . With only 17 inhabitants per square kilometre, it is the least densely populated state of India. It is an ethnically diverse state, with predominantly Monpa p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugun Language
Bugun, also known as Khowa, is a small possible language isolate spoken in Arunachal Pradesh state of India by the Bugun. They numbered about 1,700 in 2011. Phonology Vowels Consonants Classification Bugun is classified as a Kho-Bwa language in Blench & Post (2013), although Blench (2015)Blench, Roger. 2015''The Mey languages and their classification'' Presentation given at the University of Sydney. believes Bugun may actually be unrelated to the rest of the Kho-Bwa languages. Dialects Lieberherr & Bodt (2017)Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary In ''Himalayan Linguistics'', 16(2). list the following Bugun dialects along with their numbers of speakers. *Dikhyang (100 speakers) *Singchung (680 speakers) *Wangho (220 speakers) *Bichom (630 speakers) *Kaspi (80 speakers) *Namphri (180 speakers) Distribution Bugun is spoken in the following villages in southern West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh Aru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Songlin Language
Songlin ( zh, 松林语) is a divergent, unclassified Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Zayu County, Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet. A linguistic description of Songlin has been published in a monograph by Song (2019). Names Songlin speakers refer to their language as , and to Songlin village as (Song 2019:6). History of documentation Jiang Huo (江获) first learned about the existence of Songlin while doing research on Idu during the 2000s, when local Idu people in the Upper Chayu Town area reported that the "Songleng Tuyu" 松冷土语 was spoken nearby. After preliminary data was collected in 2014, intensive field work was conducted during the summers of 2015–2017 by a Chinese research team led by Li Daqin (李大勤) (Song 2019:13). A monograph documenting the Songlin language, ''Xizang Chayu Songlin yu'' (西藏察隅松林语), was written by Song Cheng (宋成) and submitted for publication in 2018. The book was released in 2019. Demographics The language is spoken in Song ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mishmi Languages (other)
The Mishmi languages consist of a few Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by the Mishmi people of Tibet, China and Arunachal Pradesh, India. They do not belong to a single branch or genetic grouping, but are rather a cultural grouping of various Sino-Tibetan languages that are not closely related to each other. The languages are: *Mishmi **Digaro languages (Northern Mishmi) ***Idu Mishmi language ***Digaro Mishmi language (Taraon) **Miju languages (Southern Mishmi) ***Miju language (Midzu, Kaman) ***Zakhring language (Meyor) See also *Mishmi (other) *Arunachal languages *Songlin language Songlin ( zh, 松林语) is a divergent, unclassified Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Zayu County, Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet. A linguistic description of Songlin has been published in a monograph by Song (2019). Names Songlin speakers refer to ... {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taraon Language
Digaro, also Taraon, Tawra, or Darang, is a Digarish language of northeastern Arunachal Pradesh, India and Zayü County, Tibet, China. Names According to Jiang, et al. (2013:2), their autonym is ' or ', and alternatively ' (Deng 登, 僜) in China. The Kaman ( Miju) call them ', the Idu call them ', and the Assamese call them ''Digaro Mishmi''. Distribution India In Arunachal Pradesh, India, Digaro Mishmi is spoken in Hayuliang, Changlagam, and Goiliang circles in the Amjaw district (''Ethnologue''). It is also spoken in Dibang Valley district and Assam. China Jiang, et al. (2013:2) reports that in Zayü County Zayul County () KNAB, retrieved 5 July 2021. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idu Mishmi Language
The Idu Mishmi language is a small language spoken by the Idu Mishmi people in Dibang Valley district, Lower Dibang Valley district, Lohit district, East Siang district, Upper Siang district of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and in Zayü County of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. There were 8569 speakers in India in 1981 and 7000 speakers in China in 1994. It is considered an endangered language. Religion They follow Animism and Shamanism. Ini Mashelo-Zinu and Nani Intaya are the supreme deities who are worshipped. Idu Mishmis believe that they created the universe and mankind. They also believe in the almighty sun and the divine spirit that governs the universe, spirits that govern nature and have a strong belief in an afterlife and spirit guides. They worship spirits, including benevolent and malevolent ones, and believe in the existence of ghosts. The Idu Mishmi tribe's shaman is called an Igu, and they perform rituals and dances to ensure the safety and health of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meyor Language
Zahkring (also Eastern Mishmi or Zaiwa; known as Meyor in India and Zha (Zhahua 扎话) in China) is a language of Arunachal Pradesh and 3 villages in Tibet. Classification Zakhring has been classified as a Midzuish language. Blench and Post (2011) consider Zakhring to be an East Bodish language that has been influenced by Midzu (which they classify as a language isolate) or other divergent languages of the region. In 2015, Blench suggests that Zakhring may be a language isolate. Blench argues that Zakhring had borrowed heavily from Midzu and Tibetic, and then later borrowed from Naga languages and Jingpho as well. Scott DeLancey (2015) considers Meyor to be part of a wider Central Tibeto-Burman group. Names Li and Jiang (2001) reports that the Zakhring have no actual autonym, but are referred to by the neighboring Taraon, Kaman language, Idu, and Tibetan peoples by various names. *' (Taraon exonym) *' (Kaman exonym) *' (Tibetan exonym) *' (Idu exonym; the Idu are locat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miju Language
Kaman (Geman, Geman Deng, Kùmán, Kman), or Miju (Miju, Mishmi, Midzu), is a small language of India and China. Long assumed to be a Sino-Tibetan language, it may be a language isolate. Locations In China, the Miju are known as the Deng 僜人. The Deng number over 1,000 in Zayü County, Tibet, China, with 1,000 of the Deng having the autonym ' (大让), and 130 having the autonym ' (格曼) (''Geman''). They are also neighbors with the Idu or ' (义都) people. In India, Miju is spoken in Hawai Circle and the Parsuram Kund area of Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh (Boro 1978, Dasgupta 1977). ''Ethnologue'' reports that Miju is spoken in 25 villages located in high altitude areas to the east of upper Lohit and Dau valleys, which are located east of the Haguliang, Billong, and Tilai valleys. Phonology These are the sounds in the Miju/Kaman language. Consonants Vowels /ɯ/ may also be heard as � Tones There are three main tones in the Miju language, rising (á), fall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milang Language
Milang is a Siangic languages, Siangic or Tani languages, Tani language of Upper Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India. It is spoken in the 3 villages of Milang (Milang: ''Holon''), Dalbing, and Pekimodi (Milang: ''Moobuk Ade''), located in Mariyang Subdivision, Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh (Tayeng 1976). Classification Milang has traditionally been classified as the most divergent of the Tani languages, hence ultimately Sino-Tibetan languages, Sino-Tibetan. Post & Blench (2011) reclassified it as Siangic languages, Siangic, on the basis of clear correspondences with the Koro language (India), Koro language in vocabulary that may not ultimately be of Sino-Tibetan origin. The implication is that Milang may, like other Siangic languages, harbour a non-Sino-Tibetan Substratum (linguistics), substrate, or may be a non-Sino-Tibetan language with Sino-Tibetan features acquired through prolonged contact, perhaps with the neighbouring and much larger Padam (tribe), Padam trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koro Language (India)
Koro is a language spoken in Arunachal Pradesh, India. It is typically classified as a Sino-Tibetan language, and has some resemblances to Tani farther to the east. It has been argued that Koro is actually part of the Greater Siangic family, independent from but influenced by the Sino-Tibetan family. Koro is spoken by about 1,500 people in the Koro-Aka tribe who are found in East Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. Few speakers are under 20 years old. The majority of Koro speakers live in bilingual households in which one or more members speak Ako or another indigenous language rather than Koro. The Koro-Aka tribe lives among the Aka (Hruso) tribe. However, the Koro-Aka people speak a very distantly related language from the remaining Aka tribe who speak Hruso-Aka. Researchers hypothesize Koro may have originated from a group of people enslaved and brought to the area. Classification Recognition in the academic literature of Koro as a distinct language goes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lishpa Language
Lish (also called Lishpa or Khispi) is a Kho-Bwa language of West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and la ... in India. It is a dialect of the same language as Chug and Gompatse. The Lish (population 1,567 in 1981) live in Dirang village, a few miles from Chug village, and in Gompatse. The Gompatse variety is not Lish proper, but is rather a lect closely related to Lish.Blench, Roger. 2015''The Mey languages and their classification'' Presentation given at the University of Sydney. Lish is also spoken in Khispi village. Despite speaking languages closely related to Mey ( Sherdukpen), the people identify as Monpa, not Mey. According to Lieberherr & Bodt (2017),Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chug Language
Chug (also called Chugpa or Duhumbi) is a Kho-Bwa language of West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh in India. It is a dialect of the same language as Lish and Gompatse. Chug is spoken only in Chug village (population 483 in 1971), located a few miles from Dirang Dirang H.Q. (simply Dirang) is a village in the district of West Kameng in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-Ea ... (Blench & Post 2011:3).Roger Blench and Mark Post. 2011. ''(De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconsidering the evidence''. Chug is spoken in Duhumbi village. Blench, Roger. 2015''The Mey languages and their classification'' Presentation given at the University of Sydney. Despite speaking languages closely related to Mey ( Sherdukpen), the people identify as Monpa, not Mey. According to Lieberherr & Bodt (2017),Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017Sub-g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
