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LU Domain
The LU domain (LY6, Ly-6 antigen/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, uPAR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain of the three-finger protein superfamily. This domain is found in the extracellular domains of cell-surface receptors and in either GPI-anchored or secreted globular proteins, for example the Ly-6 family, CD59, and Sgp-2. A variety of GPI-linked cell-surface glycoproteins are composed of one or more copies of a conserved LU domain of about 100 amino-acid residues. Among these proteins, most contain only a single LU domain, though small numbers of exceptions are known; well-studied family member uPAR has three tandem LU domains. Structure This domain folds into five antiparallel beta sheets, a structure common to the three-finger protein protein family, family. The domain typically contains ten well-sequence conservation, conserved cysteine residues involved in five disulfide bonds, though some examples such as two of the three uPAR domains have fewer. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X-ray Crystallography
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of the density of electrons within the crystal. From this electron density, the mean positions of the atoms in the crystal can be determined, as well as their chemical bonds, their crystallographic disorder, and various other information. Since many materials can form crystals—such as salts, metals, minerals, semiconductors, as well as various inorganic, organic, and biological molecules—X-ray crystallography has been fundamental in the development of many scientific fields. In its first decades of use, this method determined the size of atoms, the lengths and types of chemical bonds, and the atomic-scale differences among various mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Activin Type 2 Receptor
The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger TGF-beta receptor family and modulate signals for transforming growth factor beta ligands. These receptors are involved in a host of physiological processes including, growth, cell differentiation, homeostasis, osteogenesis, apoptosis and many other functions. There are two activin type two receptors: ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate, they all operate through essentially the same pathway: A ligand binds to a type 2 receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor recruits a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) which it phosphorylates. The RSMAD then translocates to the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor. Function Several ligands that signal through the activin type 2 receptors regulate muscle growth. Myostatin, a TGF-beta superfamily member, is a negative regulator of muscle growth. Myostatin binds to ACVR2B and to a lesse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LYPD3
Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LYPD3'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-19-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LY6E
Lymphocyte antigen 6E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LY6E'' gene. Increased expression of ''Ly6E'' is associated with poor survival outcome in multiple malignancies as determined by a survey of more than 130 published clinical studies of gene expression studies on cancer tissue samples and adjacent normal tissues. Ly6E is associated with drug resistance and tumor immune escape in breast cancer Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, milk rejection, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a r .... Further research is required to validate Ly6E for translation research References Further reading * * * * * * * * {{Gene-8-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD177
CD177 antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CD177'' gene. NB1, a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked N-glycosylated cell surface glycoprotein, was first described in a case of neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (Lalezari et al., 1971). upplied by OMIMref name="entrez" /> See also * Cluster of differentiation The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification determinant and often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules providing targets for immunophen ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * * Clusters of differentiation {{membrane-protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell-surface Glycoprotein Ly-6/CD59
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane (PM) or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space). The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, made up of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterols (a lipid component) interspersed between them, maintaining appropriate membrane fluidity at various temperatures. The membrane also contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer (peripheral) side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes to facilitate interaction with the cell's environment. Glycolipids embedded in the outer lipid layer serve a similar purpose. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles, being selectively permeable to ions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Surface Receptor
The Urokinase receptor, also known as urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR) or CD87 (Cluster of Differentiation 87), is a protein encoded in humans by the PLAUR gene. It is a multidomain glycoprotein tethered to the cell membrane with a (GPI) anchor. uPAR was originally identified as a saturable binding site for urokinase (also known as uPA) on the cell surface. Molecular characteristics uPAR consists of three tandem LU domains, which are protein domains of the three-finger protein family. The structure of uPAR has been solved by X-ray crystallography in complex with a peptide antagonist and with its native ligand, urokinase. All three three-finger domains are necessary for high affinity binding of the primary ligand, urokinase. In addition, uPAR also interacts with several other proteins, including vitronectin, the uPAR associated protein (uPARAP) and the integrin family of membrane proteins. It has been possible to express uPAR recombinantly in CHO-cel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SLURP2
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SLURP1
Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLURP1'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b .... It exerts anti-inflammatory effects, acts as a tumor suppressor, and antagonizes nicotinic receptors. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ly6/uPAR family but lacks a GPI-anchoring signal sequence. It is secreted into the blood and is also sometimes found in semen when extracted into the female zygote which binds to the α7-acetylcholine receptor. It is shown to act as an endogenous tumor suppressor by reducing cell migration and invasion by mediating its own anti-tumor effect and by antagonizing the pro-malignant effects of nicotine. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Mal de Meleda, a rare a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
