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Kęsgaila Family
Kęsgailos (plural; singular: Kęsgaila) was a Lithuanian noble family, one of the largest landowners in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The family descended from the and its roots traces to the 14th century (a semi-legendary Buseika (Lithuanian sources: Buška, Polish sources: Buszka) is considered the ancestor of the family). Their seat was in the Samogitia and Trakai regions. Kęsgailos family members had been the Elders of Samogitia from 1412 until 1532. According to the 1528 census of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the family had to provide the most troops in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The family died out in the 16th century, the last member of the family was Stanislovas, who was a close friend of Grand Duke Sigismund II Augustus and supported his marriage with Barbara Radziwiłł. Name The surname Kęsgaila comes from the native first name of Mykolas Kęsgaila (son of Valimantas, son of Bushka) whose elder brother Jaunutis son of Valimantas was granted the Zadora coat o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herb Zadora
In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances. Culinary use typically distinguishes herbs from spices. ''Herbs'' generally refers to the leafy green or flowering parts of a plant (either fresh or dried), while ''spices'' are usually dried and produced from other parts of the plant, including seeds, bark, roots and fruits. Herbs have a variety of uses including culinary, medicinal, aromatic and in some cases, spiritual. General usage of the term "herb" differs between culinary herbs and medicinal herbs; in medicinal or spiritual use, any parts of the plant might be considered as "herbs", including leaves, roots, flowers, seeds, root bark, inner bark (and cambium), resin and pericarp. The word "herb" is pronounced in Commonwealth English, but is common amo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonas Kęsgailaitis
Jonas may refer to: Geography * Jonas, Netherlands, Netherlands * Jonas, Pennsylvania, United States * Jonas Ridge, North Carolina, United States People with the name * Jonas (name), people with the given name or surname Jonas * Jonas, one of two Jeneum (figures in the Book of Mormon) * Jonah or Jonas, a prophet in the Hebrew Bible * Jonas (footballer, born 1943), full name Jonas Bento de Carvalho, Brazilian football midfielder * Jonas (footballer, born 1972), full name Carlos Emanuel Romeu Lima, Angolan football midfielder * Jonas (footballer, born 1983), full name Jonas Brignoni dos Santos, Brazilian football defender * Jonas (footballer, born 1984), full name Jonas Gonçalves Oliveira, Brazilian football forward * Jonas (footballer, born 1987), full name Jonas Jessue da Silva Júnior, Brazilian football defender * Jonas (footballer, born 1991), full name Jonas Gomes de Sousa, Brazilian football midfielder Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Jonas'' (novel), a 1955 nov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mykolas Kęsgaila (died 1512)
Mykolas Kęsgaila Valimantaitis''Mykolas'' (Michael) is his Christian given name, ''Kęsgaila'' is his pagan given name, and ''Valimantaitis'' is his patronymic used as last name. His sons used ''Kęsgaila'' as their last name. (died ca. 1450) was a Lithuanian nobleman from Deltuva. He established the Kęsgailos family in Samogitia, where their power rivaled that of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. Mykolas Kęsgaila was the deputy of Ukmergė (1409–1412), Elder of Samogitia (1412–32, 1440–41, and 1443–50), and castellan of Vilnius (1443–1448). He was a father of Jonas Kęsgaila and Mykolas Kęsgaila the Younger. Mykolas, son of Valimantas, was first mentioned in the Pact of Vilnius and Radom of 1401. He was a strong supporter of Grand Duke Vytautas, who awarded the loyal ally with the seat of Elder of Samogitia as Mykolas' mother was of Samogitian stock. Mykolas presided over Christianization of Samogitia in 1413, subdued a peasant rebellion in 1418, and foiled a plot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petras Gedgaudas
Petras Simonas Gedgaudas ( pl, Piotr Senko Giedygołdowicz; died in 1451) was a Lithuanian noble and diplomat. He briefly was a regent of Polotsk (equivalent to the later Voivode of Polotsk) in 1440, regent of Smolensk ( Voivode of Smolensk) in 1447–1451, and castellan of Vilnius in 1451. Biography Gedgaudas is first recorded in surviving document in 1429. At the time, he was a court marshal and was sent on a diplomatic mission to Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. The next year he was an envoy to Pope Martin V. These missions were related to the attempts to crown Grand Duke Vytautas as King of Lithuania. After Grand Duke Švitrigaila was deposed in 1432, Gedgaudas' father Jurgis Gedgaudas continued to support him and was taken prisoner in the Battle of Ashmyany. Nevertheless, Jurgis regained royal favor and his son Petras even received Mir from Sigismund Kęstutaitis in 1434. In 1447, Gedgaudas accompanied Casimir Jagiellon to his coronation in Kraków. The following year, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonas Goštautas
Jonas Gostautas or Goštautas ( pl, Jan Gasztołd; c. 1383 in Geranainys – 1 September 1458 in Vilnius) was a Lithuanian nobleman from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the Gasztołd (Goštautai) noble family, a politician and skillful land owner. He served as Chancellor of Lithuania between 1443 and 1458 and was a very close advisor and mentor to Casimir IV Jagiellon before he became the third Jagiellonian King of Poland. ''Gostautas'' was not his surname, but a pagan Lithuanian given name retained after baptism by his immediate ancestor, while ''Jonas'' was his Christian name. His heirs, e.g., his sons like Martynas Goštautas, perhaps inherited the name as a surname. In 1413 at the Union of Horodło, Jonas was adopted by the Polish nobles into the Abdank clan. First mentioned in 1413, Jonas Goštautas served as a marshal during the late reign of Vytautas the Great. Following death of Vytautas he continued his duties under Švitrigaila and sided with him against Vytaut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonas Kęsgaila
Jonas Kęsgaila or Kęsgailaitis ( pl, Jan Kieżgajło, la, Johannes Kyensgalowicz, died 1485) was a Lithuanian nobleman, son of Mykolas Kęsgaila of the Kęsgaila family. He fathered two sons (Stanislovas Kęsgaila and Mykolas Kęsgaila) and two daughters. Jonas Kęsgaila was Elder of Samogitia (1449–1485), castellan of Trakai (1477) and Vilnius (1478–1485). Jonas was a powerful magnate in Samogitia and even conducted independent foreign policy with the Teutonic Knights. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454–66), the Samogitians attacked the Knights, including their stronghold in Klaipėda (Memel) in 1455. The Samogitian border was closed, disrupting communication between the Teutonic Knights in Prussia and its branch in Livonia. These actions are usually interpreted as direct support to Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland. However, this might be oversimplification as the attacks were possibly carried out by unruly Samogitians looking for loot, closing of the border wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mykolas Kęsgaila (died 1476)
Mykolas Kęsgaila (died 1476) was an influential Lithuanian nobleman from the Kęsgailos family. Together with his brother Jonas Kęsgaila, Mykolas dominated the politics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for three decades. Mykolas Kęsgaila was Chancellor of Lithuania (1444–1476), regent of Smolensk (1450–1458) and Voivode of Vilnius The Voivode of Vilnius ( lt, Vilniaus vaivada, pl, wojewoda wileński) was a high-ranking officer in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who governed the Vilnius Voivodeship from 1413. He was considered as the most influential member of the Lithuanian Cou ... (1459–1476). References 1476 deaths Year of birth unknown Mykolas Grand Chancellors of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Voivode of Vilnius {{Lithuania-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonas Vėževičius
Jonas may refer to: Geography * Jonas, Netherlands, Netherlands * Jonas, Pennsylvania, United States * Jonas Ridge, North Carolina, United States People with the name * Jonas (name), people with the given name or surname Jonas * Jonas, one of two Jeneum (figures in the Book of Mormon) * Jonah or Jonas, a prophet in the Hebrew Bible * Jonas (footballer, born 1943), full name Jonas Bento de Carvalho, Brazilian football midfielder * Jonas (footballer, born 1972), full name Carlos Emanuel Romeu Lima, Angolan football midfielder * Jonas (footballer, born 1983), full name Jonas Brignoni dos Santos, Brazilian football defender * Jonas (footballer, born 1984), full name Jonas Gonçalves Oliveira, Brazilian football forward * Jonas (footballer, born 1987), full name Jonas Jessue da Silva Júnior, Brazilian football defender * Jonas (footballer, born 1991), full name Jonas Gomes de Sousa, Brazilian football midfielder Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Jonas'' (novel), a 1955 nov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomen Nescio
''Nomen nescio'' (), abbreviated to ''N.N.'', is used to signify an anonymous or unnamed person. From Latin ''nomen'' – "name", and ''nescio'' – "I do not know", it literally means "I do not know the name". The generic name Numerius Negidius used in Roman times was chosen partly because it shared initials with this phrase. Usage One use for this name is to protect against retaliation when reporting a crime or company fraud. In the Netherlands, a police suspect who refuses to give his name is given an "N.N. number." In Germany and Belgium, ''N.N.'' is also frequently seen in university course lists, indicating that a course will take place but that the lecturer is not yet known; the abbreviation in this case means ''nomen nominandum'' – "the name is to be announced". Thus, the meaning is different from the above definition and is the same as TBD (to be decided). ''N. N.'' is commonly used in the scoring of chess games, not only when one participant's name is genuinely unknow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumbaudas Valimantaitis
Rumbaudas Valimantaitis (; died in 1432) was an influential Lithuanian noble of Zadora coat of arms. He was a son of Valimantas and brother of Mykolas Kęsgaila. He became Elder of Samogitia (1409–1411) and Grand Marshal (1412–1432). He first appears in written sources as a witness to the Pact of Vilnius of January 1401. His patrimony was in Deltuva, but he also had possessions in Samogitia and volost of Svislach. In 1409, he became Elder of Samogitia and instigated the Second Samogitian Uprising on orders of Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. The uprising grew into the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War and it is believed that Rumbaudas commanded Samogitian troops in the Battle of Grunwald (1410). After the war, he became Grand Marshal of Lithuania while his brother Mykolas Kęsgaila became Elder of Samogitia. In 1413, he was among Lithuanian nobles negotiating the status of Samogitia with Benedict Makrai, a mediator appointed by Sigismund of Luxemburg. In 1422, he witnessed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plural
The plural (sometimes abbreviated pl., pl, or ), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number. The plural of a noun typically denotes a quantity greater than the default quantity represented by that noun. This default quantity is most commonly one (a form that represents this default quantity of one is said to be of ''singular'' number). Therefore, plurals most typically denote two or more of something, although they may also denote fractional, zero or negative amounts. An example of a plural is the English word ''cats'', which corresponds to the singular ''cat''. Words of other types, such as verbs, adjectives and pronouns, also frequently have distinct plural forms, which are used in agreement with the number of their associated nouns. Some languages also have a dual (denoting exactly two of something) or other systems of number categories. However, in English and many other languages, singular and plural are the only grammatical numbers, exce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous member state of the European Union. Warsaw is the nation's capital and largest metropolis. Other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin. Poland has a temperate transitional climate and its territory traverses the Central European Plain, extending from Baltic Sea in the north to Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains in the south. The longest Polish river is the Vistula, and Poland's highest point is Mount Rysy, situated in the Tatra mountain range of the Carpathians. The country is bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. It also shares maritime boundaries with Denmark and Sweden. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
