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Köhler's Medicinal Plants
''Köhler's Medicinal Plants'' (or, ''Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen'') is a German herbal written principally by Hermann Adolph Köhler (1834 - 1879, physician and chemist), and edited after his death by Gustav Pabst. The work was first published in the late 19th century by Franz Eugen Köhler of Gera. Its complete title is . Publication history Originally, Köhler published the herbal in two volumes: the first in 1887, the second in 1890. Volume one is illustrated with 84 full-page, multi-colour plates, and volume two with 110. A third volume was added in 1898, entitled ''Neueste Medizinalpflanzen und Verwechslungen'', which is a supplement containing additions and corrections. Among the additions are 80 more colour plates. A fourth volume was announced by the publisher, but never released. All the colour plates in the herbal were produced through a process called '' chromolithography''. The botanical illustrators were Walther Otto Müller, C. F. Schmidt, and K. Gunther. A rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walther Otto Müller
Walther Otto Müller, also Otto Müller, (20 June 1833 – 17 July 1887, in Gera) was a German botanist and gardner.Frahm & Eggers: ''Lexikon deutschsprachiger Bryologen.'' He was mainly interested in Cryptogamae, in particular lichen and mosses. Müller was the author of some books and several articles in scientific and botanical journals. He monochrome illustrated at least one. He collected plants, lichen and mosses for herbaria to sell the exsiccates as loose-leaf-collections. The topography of Gera region provided flora and fauna from lowland and highland at one rich spot. Some of his specimens are housed at the British Museum. Some confuse him with: * Walther Müller, German lithographer in Gera, who somewhen changed the spelling to Walter Müller, complete name Wilhelm Walter Müller (1845-1927), working from 1870 to 1919 as an illustrator, lithographer who produced botanical and anatomical drawing, lithography, chromolithography and hand-colouring, marking with italics WM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acorus Calamus
''Acorus calamus'' (also called sweet flag, sway or muskrat root, among many common names) is a species of flowering plant with psychoactive chemicals. It is a tall wetland monocot of the family Acoraceae, in the genus '' Acorus.'' Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain, there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy – and ingested calamus may be toxic – leading to its commercial ban in the United States. Description Sweet flag is a herbaceous perennial, tall. Its leaves resembles those of the iris family. Sweet flag consists of tufts of basal leaves that rise from a spreading rhizome. The leaves are erect yellowish-brown, radical, with pink sheathing at their bases, sword-shaped, flat and narrow, tapering into a long, acute point, and have parallel veins. The leaves have smooth edges, which can be wavy or crimped. The sweet flag can be distinguished from iris and other similar plants by the crimpe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthemis Arvensis
''Anthemis arvensis'', also known as corn chamomile, mayweed, scentless chamomile, or field chamomile is a species of flowering plant in the genus '' Anthemis'', in the aster family. It is used as an ornamental plant. Distribution ;Native :; Palearctic: ::Macaronesia: Azores, Canary Islands ::Northern Africa: Algeria, Tunisia ::Western Asia: Sinai, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Turkey ::Caucasus: Georgia, North Caucasus ::Northern Europe: Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom ::Central Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland ::East Europe: Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Crimea ::Southeastern Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Crete, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia ::Southwestern Europe: France Corsica, Portugal, Spain, Balearic Islands ;Introduced Widely naturalized in North and South America, Africa, Australi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelica Archangelica
''Angelica archangelica'', commonly known as garden angelica, wild celery, and Norwegian angelica, is a biennial plant from the family Apiaceae, a subspecies of which is cultivated for its sweetly scented edible stems and roots. Like several other species in Apiaceae, its appearance is similar to several poisonous species ('' Conium'', '' Heracleum'', and others), and should not be consumed unless it has been identified with absolute certainty. Synonyms include ''Archangelica officinalis'' Hoffm. and ''Angelica officinalis'' Moench. Description and distribution During its first year, it grows only leaves, but during its second year, its fluted stem can reach a height of 2.5 meters (just over 8 feet), and the root is used in flavoring preparations. Its leaves consist of numerous small leaflets divided into three principal groups, each of which is again subdivided into three lesser groups. The edges of the leaflets are finely toothed or serrated. The flowers, which blossom in July, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anamirta Cocculus
''Anamirta cocculus'' ( mr, काकमारी) is a Southeast Asian and Indian climbing plant. Its fruit is the source of picrotoxin, a poisonous compound with stimulant properties. The plant is large-stemmed (up to 10 cm in diameter); the bark is "corky gray" with white wood. The "small, yellowish-white, sweet-scented" flowers vary between 6 and 10 millimeters across; the fruit produced is a drupe, "about 1 cm in diameter when dry". Chemical substances The stem and the roots contain quaternary alkaloids, such as berberine, palmatine, magnoflorine and columbamine. The seeds deliver picrotoxin, a sesquiterpene, while the seed shells contain the tertiary alkaloids menispermine and paramenispermine. Uses Its crushed seeds are an effective pediculicide (anti-lice) and are also traditionally used to stun fish or as a pesticide. In pharmacology, it is known as Cocculus Indicus. Although poisonous, hard multum is a preparation made from ''Cocculus Indicus'', et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anacyclus Pyrethrum
''Anacyclus pyrethrum'', the pellitory, Spanish chamomile, Mount Atlas daisy, or Akarkara, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is native to Mediterranean Europe and parts of North Africa, but also naturalised in other parts of Europe, India and Pakistan. This herbaceous perennial resembles chamomile species in habitat and appearance. The plants known as pellitory-of-the-wall and spreading pellitory belong to a different family, the nettles (Urticaceae). Names Although one might assume from the specific epithet ''pyrethrum'' that this plant contains pyrethrins, it does not. Both ''pyrethrum'' and "pellitory" derive ultimately from the ancient Greek for "fire" (πῦρ). Cultivation ''Anacyclus pyrethrum'' var. ''depressus'' (sometimes considered a separate species, ''Anacyclus depressus''), called mat daisy or Mount Atlas daisy, is grown as a spring-blooming, low-water ornamental. It produces mats of grey-green, ferny foliage and single daisy-l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anacardium Occidentale
The cashew tree (''Anacardium occidentale'') is a tropical evergreen tree native to South America in the genus '' Anacardium'' that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit. The tree can grow as tall as , but the dwarf cultivars, growing up to , prove more profitable, with earlier maturity and greater yields. The cashew seed is commonly considered a snack nut (cashew nut) eaten on its own, used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter. Like the tree, the nut is often simply called a cashew. Cashew allergies are triggered by the proteins found in tree nuts, and cooking often does not remove or change these proteins. In 2019, four million tonnes of cashew nuts were produced globally, with Ivory Coast and India as the leading producers. As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. The shell of the cashew seed yields derivatives that can be used in many applications including lubricants, waterproofing, paints, and, sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Althaea Officinalis
''Althaea officinalis'', the marsh mallow or marshmallow, is a species of flowering plant indigenous to Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, which is used in herbalism and as an ornamental plant. A confection made from the root since ancient Egyptian times evolved into today's marshmallow treat, but most modern marshmallow treats no longer contain any marsh-mallow root. Description This herbaceous perennial has stems which die down in the autumn, They typically grow , but can reach and put out only a few lateral branches. The leaves are shortly petioled, roundish, ovate-cordate, long, and about broad, entire or three to five lobed, irregularly toothed at the margin, and thick. They are soft and velvety on both sides, due to a dense covering of stellate hairs. The lilac-pink flowers are shaped like those of the common mallow, but are smaller and of a pale colour, and are either axillary, or in panicles, more often the latter. The stamens are united into a tube, the anthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpinia Officinarum
''Alpinia officinarum'', known as lesser galangal, is a plant in the ginger family, cultivated in Southeast Asia. It originated in China, where its name ultimately derives. It can grow 1.5 to 2 m high, with long leaves and reddish-white flowers. The rhizomes, known as galangal, are valued for their sweet spicy flavor and aromatic scent. These are used throughout Asia in curries and perfumes, and were previously used widely in Europe. They are also used as an herbal remedy. Etymology The genus is named for Prospero Alpini, a 17th-century Italian botanist who specialized in exotic plants. The word "galangal" comes from the Arabic form of a Chinese word for the plant, "高良薑" ("gou-loeng-goeng" in Cantonese, "gao-liang-jiang" in Mandarin).Grieve, M.Galangal. From ', 1931. In Tamil it is known as a "சிற்றரத்தை or சித்தரத்தை" ("see-tha-ra-thai), widely used in Siddha Medicine and in culinaries. Description This herbaceous plant can grow u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aloe Succotrina
''Aloe succotrina'', the Fynbos aloe, is an aloe which is endemic to Cape Town and the south-western corner of the Western Cape, South Africa. Distribution ''Aloe succotrina'' is naturally found on the Cape Peninsula, and as far as Mossel Bay to the east. This aloe is common in Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos vegetation, and typically grows high up on cliff faces and rocky outcrops where seasonal fires do not reach it. It is one of the few Aloes that naturally occur in fynbos habitats - along with the Fan Aloe and '' Aloiampelos commixta'' of Table Mountain. It is one of only three aloes and their relatives, with ''Aloiampelos commixta'' and ''Aloe maculata'', that are indigenous to the city of Cape Town. Description The ''Aloe succotrina'' plant forms clusters of between diameter, with its leaves forming dense rosettes. In winter when it flowers (June to September) it produces a tall raceme, bearing shiny red flowers that are pollinated by sunbirds. Taxonomically, it forms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcea Rosea
''Alcea rosea'', the common hollyhock, is an ornamental dicot flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It was imported into Europe from southwestern China during, or possibly before, the 15th century. William Turner, a herbalist of the time, gave it the name "holyoke" from which the English name derives. Cultivation ''Alcea rosea'' is variously described as a biennial (having a two-year life cycle), as an annual, or as a short-lived perennial. It frequently self-sows, which may create a perception that the plants are perennial. The plant may flower during its first year when sown early. It will grow in a wide range of soils, and can easily reach a height of The flowers are in a range of colours from white to dark red, including pink, yellow and orange. Different colours prefer different soils. The darker red variety seems to favour sandy soils, while the lighter colour seems to favour clay soils. The plants are easily grown from seed, and readily self-seed. However, tend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agathosma Betulina
''Agathosma betulina'' (previously ''Barosma betulina'') is a flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, native to the lower elevation mountains of western South Africa, where it occurs near streams in fynbos habitats. Growth It is an evergreen shrub growing to tall. The leaves are opposite, rounded, about long and broad, glossy, and fragrant. The flowers are white or pale pink, with five petals; the fruit is a five-parted capsule which splits open to release the seeds. Etymology It is known by the common name round leaf buchu. The very similar plant '' Agathosma crenulata'' (previously ''Barosma crenulata'') is known as the oval leaf buchu, and has been used for the same purposes. The two are chemically distinct, however; for example, ''A. betulina'' contains quercetin-dimethyl ether-glucoside, while ''A. crenulata'' does not. Uses Wild plants of this species are still plentiful but are being harvested faster than they can reproduce. The threat of their becoming scarce has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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