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Kunstgraben
A ''Kunstgraben'' is a type of man-made water channel that was once used by mines to drive the water wheels needed for power, mine drainage and a host of other purposes. The term is German (plural: ''Kunstgräben''). Similar ditches supplying water mills in England are called leats. Background Until the invention of the steam engine, water power was the main source of energy utilised by the various mechanical engines employed in the mining industry, such as water wheels, reversible water wheels, water-column engines or water turbines. To enable mine workings to be driven ever deeper, more and more power was needed. The water available in the vicinity of the pits was insufficient for that purpose and springs frequently dried up as a result of be diverted for use in the mines. As a result, the water needed for the mine workings sometimes had to be transported over long distances. Usage The aim was to have the greatest possible height difference at the site of the water p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Harz Ditches
The Upper Harz Ditches (german: Oberharzer Gräben, ) are hillside ditches, running roughly parallel to the contour lines, that were laid out in the Upper Harz in Germany from the 16th to the 19th centuries to supply water power to the silver mines there. They are an important component of the Upper Harz Water Regale, a historical water system that is now a cultural monument. Design The ditches consist of a trench and an embankment (''Grabenbrust'') next to it, made of spoil piled up when the ditch was excavated. The embankments are frequently protected from erosion by a dry stone wall. In most cases, they also act as inspection paths for the ditch keepers (''Grabenwärter'') and, today, as public footpaths. The ditches are only inclined at about 1–2 ‰ (i.e. about 1 to 2 millimetres per metre). As a result, they run almost parallel to the contour lines of the terrain. As protection against seepage the embankment and bed of the ditch are usually sealed with grass sod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Harz Water Tunnels
The Upper Harz Water Tunnels (german: Oberharzer Wasserläufe, ) are part of the Upper Harz Water Regale - a network of Kunstteich, reservoirs, Kunstgraben, ditches, tunnels and other structures in the Harz mountains of central Germany (geography), central Germany. The German term ''Wasserlauf'' refers to the underground element (i.e. the tunnels) of the network of watercourses used in the historic silver mining industry of the Upper Harz. This network of ditches and tunnels was used to supply the mines with headrace waters for their water wheels from the 16th century onwards. In the system of the Upper Harz Water Regale there are over 35 such tunnels with a total length of about . Construction Although explosives were already in use in the 17th century in the mines of the Upper Harz, tunnels continued to be hewn out by hand, that is with hammer and chisel (tools), hammer and chisel for much longer. The reason was that there were difficulties in determining the right amount of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neugrabenflöße
The Neugrabenflöße (also called the ''Floßgraben''), was a roughly 18 km long ''Kunstgraben'' dating to the 17th century. It enabled the rafting of timber for the mining and smelting industries in the Ore Mountains of eastern Germany. It ran from the River Flöha near Fleyh ( Fláje) to the Freiberger Mulde near Clausnitz in the Ore Mountains. Course Starting at Fleyh this artificial water channel ran for about 3.5 km in a northwesterly direction to the eastern end of Bohemian Georgenthal (today Český Jiřetín). Here it changed direction by almost 180° and ran for about 3 km eastwards into the Rauschenbach valley. After crossing the Rauschenbach stream and the Bohemian-German border it continued towards the west. North of Cämmerswalde it crossed the watershed between Flöha and the Freiberger Mulde rivers. From there on the ditch ran in a northerly direction through Clausnitz and discharged finally after about 18 km at the southeastern end of Clausn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leat
A leat (; also lete or leet, or millstream) is the name, common in the south and west of England and in Wales, for an artificial watercourse or aqueduct dug into the ground, especially one supplying water to a watermill or its mill pond. Other common uses for leats include delivery of water for hydraulic mining and mineral concentration, for irrigation, to serve a dye works or other industrial plant, and provision of drinking water to a farm or household or as a catchment cut-off to improve the yield of a reservoir. According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', ''leat'' is cognate with ''let'' in the sense of "allow to pass through". Other names for the same thing include ''fleam'' (probably a leat supplying water to a mill that did not have a millpool). In parts of northern England, for example around Sheffield, the equivalent word is ''goit''. In southern England, a leat used to supply water for water-meadow irrigation is often called a ''carrier'', ''top carrier'', or '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyke Ditch
The Dyke Ditch (german: Dammgraben) is the longest artificial ditch in the Upper Harz in central Germany. Its purpose was to collect surface runoff for the operation of the Upper Harz mining industry from precipitation-heavy regions a long way away (particularly from the Bruchberg and parts of the Brocken massif). It was laid in 1732 and continually extended eastwards until 1827. Its original length was about 25 km; this was successively shortened by water tunnels between 1820 and 1861 to around 19 km. It is a central component of the Upper Harz Water Regale. Its takes its name from the Sperberhai Dyke which is, in fact, an embankment on top of which the Dyke Ditch runs in an aqueduct in order to cross a depression. History The history of the Dyke Ditch was initially closely related to the history of the Sperberhai Dyke. Not until the completion of the dyke in 1734 could large watercourses east of Clausthal be tapped into: the streams of the Großer and Kleiner G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunstteich
A ''Kunstteich'' (plural: ''Kunstteiche'') is an historic German term for a man-made lake or pond associated with the mining industry and its technology. These ponds were created by the construction of barriers, typically dams and embankments, and were used to supply hydropower and water to the mines. Water stored in the reservoir was used for a variety of purposes. It was used to turn water wheels that in turn drove the various mechanical devices used in mining in earlier centuries, such as man engines. It was also used to produce power and drain the mines, or in the processing of ore. In principle, all ''Kunstteiche'' are small dam and reservoir installations. The oldest working dams in Germany are ''Kunstteiche''. Water is supplied to and transported away from the ponds either above ground in artificial channels ('' Kunstgräben'') or underground through so-called '' Röschen'', small channels in the mine galleries. If the water from ''Kunstteiche'' is used in the smelting ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sperberhai Dyke
The Sperberhai Dyke (german: Sperberhaier Damm) is in fact an Aqueduct (bridge), aqueduct which forms part of the Upper Harz Water Regale network of reservoirs, ditches, dams and tunnels in the Harz mountains of central Germany (geography), central Germany. It carries the water of the Dyke Ditch over the depression of the Sperberhai to the Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Clausthal plateau. The Sperberhai Dyke was built in 1732 - 34 in order to satisfy the rising demand for water power for the water wheels of the Clausthal mines. The water crossed the embankment in a channel along its crest. The channel is only visible today at its western end. Its hydraulic capacity at peak times was up to 1,000 litres per second. Sources * Upper Harz Water Regale Aqueducts in Germany {{LowerSaxony-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grüner Graben (Pobershau)
Grüner may refer to: * Grüner Veltliner * Grüner IL * Grüner See (Styria) * Grüner Veltliner Grüner Veltliner (Green Veltliner) ) is a white wine grape variety grown primarily in Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. The leaves of the grape vine are five-lobed with bunches that are long but compact, and deep green grapes ... variety of white wine grape * George Grüner, Hungarian physicist See also * Gruner (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grüner Graben (Eibenstock)
Grüner may refer to: * Grüner Veltliner * Grüner IL * Grüner See (Styria) * Grüner Veltliner Grüner Veltliner (Green Veltliner) ) is a white wine grape variety grown primarily in Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. The leaves of the grape vine are five-lobed with bunches that are long but compact, and deep green grapes ... variety of white wine grape * George Grüner, Hungarian physicist See also * Gruner (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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