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Kulinic Languages
The Kulinic languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family in Victoria (Australia). They are: *Kulin (3+, e.g. Woiwurrung) *''Kolakngat'' * Drual (2) Warrnambool is Kulinic and may be Drual, but is too poorly attested to be certain. Gadubanud was a dialect of either Warrnambool or Kolakngat. Several poorly attested interior Kulinic languages, such as Wemba-Wemba The Wemba-Wemba are an Aboriginal Australian people in north-Western Victoria and south-western New South Wales, Australia, including in the Mallee and the Riverina regions. They are also known as the Wamba-Wamba. Language Wemba-Wemba bears st ..., are listed in the Kulin article. The three branches of Kulinic are not close; Dixon treats them as three separate families. Bibliography *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.'' Cambridge University Press References Indigenous Australian languages in Victoria (Australia) {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in Australia (28 per km2). Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north and South Australia to the west, and is bounded by the Bass Strait to the south (with the exception of a small land border with Tasmania located along Boundary Islet), the Great Australian Bight portion of the Southern Ocean to the southwest, and the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the southeast. The state encompasses a range of climates and geographical features from its temperate coastal and central regions to the Victorian Alps in the northeast and the semi-arid north-west. The majority of the Victorian population is concentrated in the central-south area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, and in particular within the metropolit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it derived from the two end-points of the range: the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for "man" is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for "man" is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are occasionally referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. The vast majority of languages, either due to disease or elimination of their speakers, have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulin Languages
The Kulin languages are a group of closely related languages of the Kulin people, part of the ''Kulinic'' branch of Pama–Nyungan. Languages *Woiwurrung (Woy-wur-rung): spoken from Mount Baw Baw in the east to Mount Macedon, Sunbury and Gisborne in the west. The ''Wurrundjeri-willam'' were a clan who occupied the Yarra River and its tributaries. Referred to initially by Europeans as the ''Yarra Yarra tribe''. Other Woiwurrung clans include the ''Marin-Bulluk'', ''Kurung-Jang-Bulluk'', ''Wurundjeri-Balluk'', ''Balluk-willam''. ''Wurundjeri'' is now the common term for descendants of all the Woiwurrung clans. *Bunurong (Bun-wurrung): spoken by six clans along the coast from the Werribee River, across the Mornington Peninsula, Western Port Bay to Wilsons Promontory. Referred to by Europeans as the ''Western Port'' or ''Port Philip tribe''. The Yalukit-willam clan occupied the thin coastal strip from Werribee, to Williamstown. ''Bunurong'' is now the common term for all the people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolakngat Language
Gulidjan (Coligan, Kolijon, Kolitjon), also known as Kolakngat (Kolacgnat, Colac), is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language of the Gulidjan people of the state of Victoria, Australia. There is very limited data available on the language, but linguists have suggested that it is a mixed language, containing elements of neighbouring languages. Attestation The language is first attested in 1839. Though much of the detail and vocabulary has been lost, there is sufficient to confirm that it constituted a separate language. About 100 words have survived. Some analysis suggests it may be a mixed language or creole language having something in common with each of the neighbouring languages. Earliest sources refer to the language as ''Gulidjan'', although James Dawson favoured ''Kolakgnat'', which means 'belonging to sand'.Gulidjan'', Victorian Aboriginal Languages Directory. Accessed 15 December 2008 No speakers have been recorded since 1975, so it is considered an extinct lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drual Languages
Drual is a small group of indigenous Australian languages of the Kulinic family. The two languages are, *Bungandidj (Buwandik) * Kuurn Kopan Noot Warrnambool Warrnambool ( Maar: ''Peetoop'' or ''Wheringkernitch'' or ''Warrnambool'') is a city on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 census, Warrnambool had a population of 35,743. Situated on the Princes Highway, Warrnambool (A ... shares some features with Bungandidj, but is too poorly attested to classify securely. Kulinic languages {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woiwurrung Language
The Woiwurrung, also spelt Woi Wurrung, Woiwurrong, Woiworung, Wuywurung, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Woiwurrung language group, in the Kulin alliance. The Woiwurrung people's territory in Central Victoria extended from north of the Great Dividing Range, east to Mount Baw Baw, south to Mordialloc Creek and to Mount Macedon, Sunbury and Gisborne in the west. Their lands bordered the Gunai/Kurnai people to the east in Gippsland, the Boon wurrung people to the south on the Mornington Peninsula, and the Dja Dja Wurrung and Taungurung to the north. Before colonisation, they lived predominantly as aquaculturists, swidden agriculturists (growing grasslands by fire-stick farming to create fenceless herbivore grazing, garden-farming murnong yam roots and various tuber lilies as major forms of starch and carbohydrates), and hunters and gatherers. Seasonal changes in the weather, availability of foods and other factors would determine where campsites were located, many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warrnambool Language
Dhauwurd Wurrung is a term used for a group of languages spoken by various groups of the Gunditjmara people of the Western District of Victoria, Australia. Keerray Woorroong (also spelt Girai Wurrung and variants) is regarded by some as a separate language, by others as a dialect. The dialect continuum consisted of various lects such as Kuurn Kopan Noot, Big Wurrung, Gai Wurrung, and others (each with variant spellings). There was no traditional name for the entire dialect continuum and it has been classified and labelled differently by different linguists and researchers. The group of languages is also referred to as Gunditjmara language and the Warrnambool language. Efforts to revive the language(s) are ongoing. Country The language in its several varieties, was spoken from Glenelg to the Gellibrand and through to roughly inland. The effects of the colonisation of Victoria, which included the Eumeralla Wars, along with later government policies leading to the stolen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gadubanud
The Gadubanud (Katubanut), also known as the Pallidurgbarran, Yarro waetch or Cape Otway tribe ( Tindale), are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Victoria. Their territory encompasses the rainforest plateau and rugged coastline of Cape Otway. They were thought to have become extinct quickly following the onset of European colonisation, and little is known of them. However, some may have found refuge at the Wesleyan mission station at Birregurra, and later the Framlingham mission station, and some people still trace their descent from such a remnant. Today, by the principle of succession, the Gunditjmara are considered the traditional custodians of Gadubanud lands. Name "Gadubanud/Katubanut" appears to have meant "King Parrot language", and is considered to have been an exonym applied to the people by tribes to their west, perhaps with a pejorative colouring. Language Almost no linguistic material has been recorded for the Gadubanud language. A connection wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wemba-Wemba Language
The Wemba Wemba language is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language once spoken along the Murray River and its tributaries in North Western Victoria and South Central New South Wales. Nari Nari, a dialect of Wemba Wemba, is part of a language revival project. Other dialects are Barababaraba and Wergaia. Jardwadjali The Jardwadjali (Yartwatjali), also known as the Jaadwa, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Victoria, whose traditional lands occupy the lands in the upper Wimmera River watershed east to Gariwerd ( Grampians) and west to Lake B ... (with dialects Jagwadjali, Nundadjali, Mardidjali) may be Wemba-Wemba, or may be closer to the Madhi–Ladji–Wadi varieties. Sounds Consonants Vowels Voiced consonant sounds only occur within prenasalized stops. Prenasal consonants include: /mb/ /nd/ /ndy/ /ng/ and /rnd/. In phonetic form they are pronounced as b d ²ÉŸ ‹É¡and ³É– Influence on English At least four botanical terms in Australian Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulinic Languages
The Kulinic languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family in Victoria (Australia). They are: *Kulin (3+, e.g. Woiwurrung) *''Kolakngat'' * Drual (2) Warrnambool is Kulinic and may be Drual, but is too poorly attested to be certain. Gadubanud was a dialect of either Warrnambool or Kolakngat. Several poorly attested interior Kulinic languages, such as Wemba-Wemba The Wemba-Wemba are an Aboriginal Australian people in north-Western Victoria and south-western New South Wales, Australia, including in the Mallee and the Riverina regions. They are also known as the Wamba-Wamba. Language Wemba-Wemba bears st ..., are listed in the Kulin article. The three branches of Kulinic are not close; Dixon treats them as three separate families. Bibliography *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.'' Cambridge University Press References Indigenous Australian languages in Victoria (Australia) {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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