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Krasny Bor Forest, Karelia
Krasny Bor is a wooded area, not far from Petrozavodsk, the capital of Karelia, in northwestern Russia. As with Krasnaya ploshchad (Красная площадь) in Moscow—today known in English as Red Square but with a name originating, from earlier Russian usage, as the "Handsome" or "Beautiful" Square—Krasny Bor means the "Beautiful (or Handsome) Grove". The Karelian instance of this common Russian toponym has become widely known, thanks to the efforts of Yury A. Dmitriev, as ''The Forest, Red with Spilled Blood'', one of Stalin's killing fields of the late 1930s. Identifying the buried victims In 1997 a killing field and burial place for NKVD executions during Stalin's Great Purges was identified at Krasny Bor and then thoroughly investigated by the historian Yury A. Dmitriev, the head of the human rights organisation Memorial in Karelia. The burial site covers an area of approximately 350 by 150 metres. According to execution reports in the former KGB archives for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitriev 2007 Krasnyi Bor
Dmitriyev or Dmitriev (russian: Дми́триев) is a common Russian surname that is derived from the male given name Dmitry and literally means ''Dmitry's''. It may refer to: *Aleksandr Dmitriyev (conductor) (born 1935), Russian conductor *Alexey Dmitriev (b. 1985), Russian ice hockey player * Andrei Dmitriev (b. 1979), Russian political dissident, publicist. * Andrei Dmitriev (b. 1956), Russian writer *Artur Dmitriev (b. 1968), Russian Olympic champion in figure skating * Dmitri Dmitrijev (b. 1982), Estonian politician *Dmitriy Dmitriyev (b. 1983), Russian professional football player * Georgy Dmitriyev (1942–2016), a Russian composer *Igor Dmitriev (1927–2008), Russian actor *Ivan Dmitriev (1760–1837), Russian poet *Matvey Dmitriev-Mamonov (1790–1863), Russian poet, public and military figure * Maxim Dmitriyev (1913–1990), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union *Mikhail Gennadiyevich Dmitriyev (b. 1947), Soviet and Russian mathematician *Nikolai Dmitriev (18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forests Of Russia
The Russian forestry industry is a set of Russian industries related to wood harvesting and processing. As one of the oldest sectors in the country's economy, Russia's timber industry continues to bring in about $20 billion per year. Russia has more than a fifth of the world's forests, making it the largest forest country in the world. According to data for 2015, the total forest area has exceeded 885 million hectares, representing 45% of the total area of the country. The stock of wood in the area was 82 billion cubic meters. A significant proportion of revenue from the industry is generated by the export of raw materials from sawing logs. For a long time Russia was the main supplier of raw wood material in Europe. However, according to a 2012 study by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital Punishment In The Soviet Union
Capital punishment was a legal penalty in the Soviet Union for most of the country's existence. "Disrupting the planned economy" was a capital offense. Known as economic crimes, in 1964 ''The New York Times noted that "60 per cent of the 160 persons executed for economic crimes since 1961 were Jews." The claimed legal basis for capital punishment was Article 22 of the Fundamental Principles of Criminal Legislation, which stated that the death penalty was permitted "as an exceptional measure of punishment, until its complete abolition". According to Western estimates, in the early 1980s Soviet courts passed around 2,000 death sentences every year, of which two-thirds were commuted to prison terms. The death penalty was not applied to minors or pregnant women. History During the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies in November 1917, the government of Soviet Russia decreed the abolition of death penalty. Later in February 1918, death penalty was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Repression In The Soviet Union
Throughout the history of the Soviet Union, tens of millions of people suffered political repression, which was an instrument of the state since the October Revolution. It culminated during the Stalin era, then declined, but it continued to exist during the "Khrushchev Thaw", followed by increased persecution of Soviet dissidents during the Brezhnev era, and it did not cease to exist until late in Mikhail Gorbachev's rule when it was ended in keeping with his policies of glasnost and perestroika. Origins and early Soviet times Secret police had a long history in Tsarist Russia. Ivan the Terrible used the Oprichina, while more recently the Third Section and Okrhana existed. Early on, the Leninist view of the class conflict and the resulting notion of the dictatorship of the proletariat provided the theoretical basis of the repressions. Its legal basis was formalized into the Article 58 in the code of Russian SFSR and similar articles for other Soviet republics. At times, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacres In The Soviet Union
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". A "massacre" is not necessarily a "crime against humanity". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology The modern definition of ''massacre'' as "indiscriminate slaughter, carnage", and the subsequent verb of this form, derive from late 16th century Middle French, evolved from Middle French ''"macacre, macecle"'' meaning "slaughterhouse, butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first record ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to solidify his power over the party and the state; the Purge, purges were also designed to remove the remaining influence of Leon Trotsky as well as other prominent political rivals within the party. It occurred from August 1936 to March 1938. Following the Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924 a power vacuum opened in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Various established figures in Lenin's government attempted to succeed him. Joseph Stalin, the party's General Secretary, outmaneuvered political opponents and ultimately gained control of the Communist Party by 1928. Initially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Graves In Russia
Mass is an Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the physical quantity, quantity of matter in a Physical object, physical body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different elementary particle, elementary particles, theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different masses. Mass in modern physics has multiple Mass in special relativity, definitions which are conceptually distinct, but physically equivalent. Mass can be experimentally defined as a measure (mathematics), measure of the body's inertia, meaning the resistance to acceleration (change of velocity) when a net force is applied. The object's mass also determines the Force, strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is Mass versus weight, not the same as weight, even though mass is often det ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Graves In The Soviet Union
In July 2010, a mass grave was discovered next to the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, containing the corpses of 80 military officers executed during the Red Terror of 1918–1921. By 2013 a total of 156 bodies had been found in the same location. At about the same time a mass grave from the Stalin period was discovered at the other end of the country in Vladivostok. These and later mass graves in the Soviet Union were used to conceal the large numbers of Soviet citizens and foreigners executed by the Bolshevik regime under Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. Indiscriminate mass killings began in January 1918 during the Russian Civil War (1918-1922) as the Bolsheviks launched their Red Terror. After the upheavals of the First Five-Year Plan (1928-1932) the killings reached a peak in the Great Terror of 1937–1938. At all times they were directed and carried out by the Soviet secret police under its changing titles: the Cheka during the Civil War, the OGPU during for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kommunarka
Kommunarka is an urban-type settlement (posyolok) in Sosenskoye Settlement, Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug, Moscow, Russia. The Kommunarka (Sokolnicheskaya line) station opened in 2019. History A mass burial site of the late 1930s, known as the Kommunarka shooting ground The Kommunarka firing range (russian: Расстрельный полигон «Коммунарка»), former dacha of secret police chief Genrikh Yagoda, was used as a burial ground from 1937 to 1941. Executions may have been carried out th ... or "firing range". is also located in the area. Most of the defendants at the third and last Moscow Show Trial (March 1938) are buried there. References Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug Urban-type settlements under jurisdiction of Moscow {{Moscow-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butovo Firing Range
The Butovo Firing Range or Butovo Shooting Range (russian: Бутовский полигон) was an execution site of the Soviet secret police located near Drozhzhino in Leninsky District, Moscow Oblast from 1938 to 1953. Its use for mass execution has been documented; it was prepared as a site for mass burial. As the late Arseny Roginsky explained: "firing range" was a popular euphemism adopted to describe the mysterious and closely-guarded plots of land that the NKVD began to set aside for mass burials on the eve of the Great Terror. Butovo was used for mass executions and mass graves during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge, with 20,761 prisoners of various nationalities documented as being transported to the site and executed by the NKVD and its successor agencies. The exact number of victims executed at Butovo remains unknown as only fragmentary data has been declassified. Notable victims at Butovo include Gustav Klutsis and Seraphim Chichagov; in addition, more than 1000 memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludmila Ulitskaya
Lyudmila Evgenyevna Ulitskaya (russian: link=no, Людмила Евгеньевна Улицкая, born February 21, 1943) is an internationally acclaimed modern Russian novelist and short-story writer who, in 2014, was awarded the prestigious Austrian State Prize for European Literature for her oeuvre. In 2006 she published ''Daniel Stein, Interpreter'' ''(Даниэль Штайн, переводчик''), a novel dealing with the Holocaust and the need for reconciliation between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Ulitskaya herself belongs to a group of people formed by the realities of the former Soviet Union, who see themselves racially and culturally as Jews, while having adopted Christianity as their religion. Sasha Senderovich, ''Translations'' book review in ''Tablet Magazine'', 29 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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