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Kraków Barbican
The Kraków Barbican ( pl, Barbakan Krakowski) is a barbican – a fortified outpost once connected to the city walls. It is a historic gateway leading into the Old Town of Kraków, Poland. The barbican is one of the few remaining relics of the complex network of fortifications and defensive barriers that once encircled the royal city of Kraków in the south of Poland.Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2002–2009The Sites on the UNESCO List.Krakow, aPoland.gov.pl/ref>Jane Perlezin the New York Times, July 18, 1993. It currently serves as a tourist attraction and venue for a variety of exhibitions.Mieczyslaw Kasprzykin "Krakow" from the Internet Archive Today the Barbican is under the jurisdiction of The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków. Tourists may tour its interior with its displays outlining the historical development of fortifications in Kraków. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Museum Of Kraków
The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków ( pl, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa) in Kraków, Lesser Poland, was granted the status of an independent institution in 1945. Originally, it was a branch of the Old Records Office of Kraków, in operation from 1899. The museum holdings include sixteenth through twentieth century city maps, paintings, prints, photographs, guild objects and works by Kraków artists and artisans, as well as portraits of nobility from the sixteenth to the twentieth century; fourteenth through twentieth century weapons; a collection of sixteenth through twentieth century clocks; famous Kraków nativity scenes ('' szopka''); artifacts related to theatre; Judaica; items commemorative of the Polish uprisings of the nineteenth century and of World War I and II. The museum houses a permanent exhibit of the History and Culture of Kraków, a collection of the militaria (projectiles, firearms, defense and sharp weapons), clocks and watches. The Town Hall Tower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Cosmin Forest
The Battle of the Cosmin Forest (1497) ( ro, bătălia de la Codrii Cosminului; pl, bitwa pod Koźminem) was fought between the Moldavian Prince, Ștefan cel Mare (''Stephen the Great''), and King John I of Poland (''John I Albert'') of the Kingdom of Poland. The battle took place in northern Moldavia, about 50 km north of the-then capital of Suceava ( pl, Suczawa), in the hills between Adâncata (nowadays Hlyboka), situated in the valley of the Siret River, and Cernăuți (nowadays Chernivtsi), situated in the valley of the Prut River, and resulted in a major victory for Moldavia. It was part of the Moldavian campaign of 1497–1499. Reasons for the war After the Moldavian loss of Chilia and Cetatea Albă, the Ottoman threat seemed more evident. John I Albert was suzerain of Moldavia, and, when Ștefan asked him for military assistance, they met in 1494 at the conference of Levoča, where together with King Ladislaus II of Hungary and Elector Johann Cicero of Branden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planty Park
Planty may refer to: * Planty Park Planty may refer to: * Planty Park, a city park in Kraków, Poland * Planty, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland) * Planty, Aube, France {{geodis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czamara
Czamara (from Polish language; plural ''czamary''; also known in the English language as Cracow/Kraków coat; originally es, zamarra, french: chamarre, german: Tschamarre, Arabic: ''samur'' - fur coat) was a type of outer garment in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was worn there from the 16th century and came to the Commonwealth via Hungary from Turkey. It was first worn mostly by priests, and in the 18th century became a popular attire of (non-nobility) burghers. In the 19th century, the czamara became a notable element of male Polish national and patriotic attire. Czamara was a kind of a frock coat reaching up to the hips or thighs in a kontusz-like cut, lined with fur, with long, straight, narrow sleeves, and a lined, narrow, high collar, and decorative frogs A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bar Confederation
The Bar Confederation ( pl, Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia (now part of Ukraine) in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian influence and against King Stanislaus II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates. The founders of the Bar Confederation included the magnates Adam Stanisław Krasiński, Bishop of Kamieniec, Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Casimir Pulaski, his father and brothers and Michał Krasiński. Its creation led to a civil war and contributed to the First Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Maurice Benyovszky was the best known European Bar Confederation volunteer, supported by Roman Catholic France and Austria. Some historians consider the Bar Confederation the first Polish uprising. Background Abroad At the end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burgher
Burgher may refer to: * Burgher (social class), a medieval, early modern European title of a citizen of a town, and a social class from which city officials could be drawn ** Burgess (title), a resident of a burgh in northern Britain ** Grand Burgher, a specific conferred or inherited title of medieval German origin ** Burgher (Boer republics), an enfranchised citizen of the South African Republic or the Orange Free State * Burgher (Church history), a member of the First Secession Church who subscribed to the Burgher Oath * Burgher people, an ethnic group that formed during the colonization of Sri Lanka People with the surname * Michelle Burgher (born 1977), Jamaican track and field athlete See also * Anti-Burgher, a splinter faction in the history First Secession of the Presbyterian church of Scotland * Bourgeoisie * Burger (other) Burger or Burgers may refer to: Food and drink Foods * Hamburger, a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked beef patties, placed ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Road, Kraków
The Royal Road or Royal Route ( pl, Droga Królewska, ) in Kraków, Poland, begins at the northern end of the medieval Old Town and continues south through the centre of town towards Wawel Hill, where the old royal residence, Wawel Castle, is located. The Royal Road passes some of the most prominent historic landmarks of Poland's royal capital, providing a suitable background to coronation processions and parades, kings' and princes' receptions, foreign envoys and guests of distinction traveling from a far country to their destination at Wawel. The Royal Road starts outside the northern flank of the old city walls in the medieval suburb of Kleparz, now a central district of Kraków. It begins at St. Florian's Church (''Kościół św. Floriana''), containing the relics of St. Florian – the Patron Saint of Poland – miraculously saved numerous times in the 12th, 16th and 17th centuries. St. Florian's Church was also the starting point for royal funeral processions, concluding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Librowski
Jan, JaN or JAN may refer to: Acronyms * Jackson, Mississippi (Amtrak station), US, Amtrak station code JAN * Jackson-Evers International Airport, Mississippi, US, IATA code * Jabhat al-Nusra (JaN), a Syrian militant group * Japanese Article Number, a barcode standard compatible with EAN * Japanese Accepted Name, a Japanese nonproprietary drug name * Job Accommodation Network, US, for people with disabilities * ''Joint Army-Navy'', US standards for electronic color codes, etc. * '' Journal of Advanced Nursing'' Personal name * Jan (name), male variant of ''John'', female shortened form of ''Janet'' and ''Janice'' * Jan (Persian name), Persian word meaning 'life', 'soul', 'dear'; also used as a name * Ran (surname), romanized from Mandarin as Jan in Wade–Giles * Ján, Slovak name Other uses * January, as an abbreviation for the first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar * Jan (cards), a term in some card games when a player loses without taking any tricks or scoring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feliks Radwanski
Feliks is a variant spelling of the given name Felix, used in Poland and the Baltic states, as well as in the transliteration of the name Felix from Russian. Feliks may refer to: *Feliks Ankerstein (1897–1955), Polish Army major and intelligence officer *Feliks Gromov (born 1937), former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy * Feliks Kark (born 1933), Estonian actor and caricaturist *Feliks Kibbermann, Estonian chess master *Feliks Kon (1864–1941), Polish communist activist *Feliks Konarski (1907–1991), Polish poet, songwriter and cabaret performer *Feliks Koneczny (1862–1949), Polish historian and social philosopher *Feliks Kazimierz Potocki (1630–1702), Polish noble, magnate and military leader *Feliks Stamm (1901–1976), Polish boxing coach *Feliks Topolski (1907–1989), Polish-born British expressionist painter *Feliks Undusk (born 1948), Estonian journalist and politician. *Feliks Villard (1908–?), Estonian chess player *Feliks Zamoyski (died 1535), Polish nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free City Of Kraków
Free may refer to: Concept * Freedom, having the ability to do something, without having to obey anyone/anything * Freethought, a position that beliefs should be formed only on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism * Emancipate, to procure political rights, as for a disenfranchised group * Free will, control exercised by rational agents over their actions and decisions * Free of charge, also known as gratis. See Gratis vs libre. Computing * Free (programming), a function that releases dynamically allocated memory for reuse * Free format, a file format which can be used without restrictions * Free software, software usable and distributable with few restrictions and no payment * Freeware, a broader class of software available at no cost Mathematics * Free object ** Free abelian group ** Free algebra ** Free group ** Free module ** Free semigroup * Free variable People * Free (surname) * Free (rapper) (born 1968), or Free Marie, American rapper and media pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Russian War Of 1792
The Polish–Russian War of 1792 (also, War of the Second Partition, and in Polish sources, War in Defence of the Constitution ) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservative nobility of the Commonwealth opposed to the new Constitution of 3 May 1791) and the Russian Empire under Catherine the Great on the other. The war took place in two theaters: a northern in Lithuania and a southern in what is now Ukraine. In both, the Polish forces retreated before the numerically superior Russian forces, though they offered significantly more resistance in the south, thanks to the effective leadership of Polish commanders Prince Józef Poniatowski and Tadeusz Kościuszko. During the three-month-long struggle several battles were fought, but no side scored a decisive victory. The largest success of the Polish forces was the defeat of one of the Russian formations at the Battle of Zieleńce on 18 June; in the aftermath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Kraków (1657)
The siege of Kraków was one of the military conflicts of the Deluge (history), Swedish and Transylvanian invasion of Poland, which took place in the summer of 1657. The royal city of Kraków, had been occupied for two years by a Swedish-Transylvanian garrison led by Paul Wirtz (Swedish Pomerania), Paul Wirtz and János Bethlen. It was besieged by Polish Army of Hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, Jerzy Lubomirski, supported by soldiers of the Holy Roman Empire under Austrian field marshal Melchior von Hatzfeldt. Background Two years prior to the 1657 siege, in the summer of 1655, two armies of the Swedish Empire invaded the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, see Deluge (history). The Swedish invaders moved southwards, reaching the city of Kraków in late September 1655. After the Siege of Kraków (1655), the ancient Polish capital surrendered, and on October 17, Swedish soldiers along with King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, Charles X Gustav entered the city. The looting of Kraków ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
