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Konobelodon
''Konobelodon'' is an extinct genus of amebelodont from southern Europe, China, and North America. Taxonomy ''Konobelodon'' was originally coined as a subgenus of ''Amebelodon'', and was subsequently elevated to full generic rank in a 2014 re-appraisal of ''"Mastodon" atticus''. Within Amebelodontinae, ''Konobelodon'' is closely related to ''Platybelodon'' and '' Torynobelodon''. The genus ''Konobelodon'' likely originated in eastern Eurasia, with ''K. robustus'' being known from the Liushu Formation in the Gansu Province of China. Under this hypothesis, it diverged via separate migrations westward into Europe and western Asia, represented by ''K. atticus'', and eastward into North America, where the genus arrived c. 7 Ma and survived until the very end of the Miocene. Description As shovel-tusked amebelodonts, ''Konobelodon'' has two pairs of tusks, one growing from the upper jaw and a second from the lower. ''K. robustus'' is estimated to have had a body mass between 2802 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amebelodon
''Amebelodon'' is a genus of extinct proboscidean belonging to Amebelodontidae (the so-called shovel-tuskers), a group of proboscideans related to the modern elephants and their close relative the mammoth. The most striking attribute of this animal is its lower tusks, which are narrow, elongated, and distinctly flattened with the degree of flattening varying among the different species. Two valid species are currently placed within this genus, which was endemic to North America. Other species once assigned to ''Amebelodon'' are now assigned to the genus ''Konobelodon'', which was once a subgenus. Taxonomy ''Amebelodon'' first appeared in the Great Plains and Gulf Coast regions of North America during the late Miocene, roughly 9 million years ago, and apparently became extinct on this continent sometime around 6 million years ago. The youngest record of ''Amebelodon'' is from a 5-million-year-old site in North America.Lambert, W. D., and J. Shoshani, 1998. The Proboscidea. In Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amebelodon21
''Amebelodon'' is a genus of extinct proboscidean belonging to Amebelodontidae (the so-called shovel-tuskers), a group of proboscideans related to the modern elephants and their close relative the mammoth. The most striking attribute of this animal is its lower tusks, which are narrow, elongated, and distinctly flattened with the degree of flattening varying among the different species. Two valid species are currently placed within this genus, which was endemic to North America. Other species once assigned to ''Amebelodon'' are now assigned to the genus ''Konobelodon'', which was once a subgenus. Taxonomy ''Amebelodon'' first appeared in the Great Plains and Gulf Coast regions of North America during the late Miocene, roughly 9 million years ago, and apparently became extinct on this continent sometime around 6 million years ago. The youngest record of ''Amebelodon'' is from a 5-million-year-old site in North America.Lambert, W. D., and J. Shoshani, 1998. The Proboscidea. In Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neades
The Neades ( grc, Νηάς, Νηάδες) were legendary creatures of gigantic size said to inhabit the Greek island of Samos. Their voices were said to be capable of causing earthquakes, and ancient sources report that their bones were put on display by the island's inhabitants. Ancient Accounts The Neades were described by Euphorion in his lost text ''Commentaries,'' written in the 3rd century B.C.E., but Aelian, writing in the 2nd century C.E., recounts Euphorion's description of them in his own work titled '' On the Nature of Animals'' (''De Natura Animalium'' 17.28). Plutarch does not write about the Neades specifically, but he does relate another legend of ancient Samos in which earthquakes are caused by the island's ancient inhabitants, whose bones were likewise viewed by his contemporaries (Greek Questions 56). Possible influence by fossil taxa Adrienne Mayor and Nikos Solounias have speculated that the Neades of Aelian's description may have been influenced by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choerolophodon
''Choerolophodon'' is an extinct genus of proboscidean that lived during the Miocene of Eurasia and Africa. Fossils of ''Choerolophodon'' have been found in Africa, Southeast Europe, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and China. ''Choerolophodon'' has a single pair of tusks growing from the upper jaw, which are long and strongly curved. Taxonomy Numerous species of ''Choerolophodon'' are known: ''C. pentelicus'', ''C. anatolicus'' and ''C. chioticus'' from Southeast Europe (Turkey (Yamula Dam in Kayseri), Greece, Bulgaria) and the Middle East, ''C. palaeindicus'' and ''C. corrugatus'' from the Indian subcontinent, ''C. guangheensis'' from China, and ''C. ngorora'' and ''C. zaltaniensis'' from Africa. The name ''Choerolophodon'' was erected for ''"Mastodon" pentelicus'' from Greece by Schlesinger (1917) based on the discovery of new material from the ''pentelicus'' type locality. Cultural significance Possible influence on Greek myths ''Choerolophodon'' is among t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amebelodontidae
Amebelodontidae is an extinct family of large herbivorous mammals that were closely related to elephants. They were formerly assigned to Gomphotheriidae, but recent authors consider them a distinct family. Feeding habits In the past, Amebelodonts' shovel-like mandibular tusks led to them being portrayed scooping up water plants. However, the wear pattern on the mandibular tusks of ''Platybelodon ''Platybelodon'' ("flat-spear tusk") is an extinct genus of large herbivorous proboscidean mammals related to modern-day elephants. Species lived during the middle Miocene Epoch in Africa, Asia and the Caucasus. Palaeobiology ''Platybelodon'' wa ... grangeri'' and ''P. barnumbrowni'' indicate that these taxa used their tusks to cut through vegetation in a specialized way. Gallery References Prehistoric mammal families Miocene first appearances Pliocene extinctions {{paleo-proboscidean-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platybelodon
''Platybelodon'' ("flat-spear tusk") is an extinct genus of large herbivorous proboscidean mammals related to modern-day elephants. Species lived during the middle Miocene Epoch in Africa, Asia and the Caucasus. Palaeobiology ''Platybelodon'' was previously believed to have fed in the swampy areas of grassy savannas, using its teeth to shovel up aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation. However, wear patterns on the teeth suggest that it used its lower tusks to strip bark from trees, and may have used the sharp incisors that formed the edge of the "shovel" more like a modern-day scythe, grasping branches with its trunk and rubbing them against the lower teeth to cut it from a tree. Adult animals in particular might have eaten coarser vegetation more frequently than juveniles. Images File:Platybelodon.png, ''Platybelodon grangeri'' reconstruction with size comparison. File:Platybelodon NT small.jpg, Life reconstruction of ''Platybelodon grangeri''. File:Platybelodon.jpg, Outdated re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torynobelodon
''Torynobelodon'' was a genus of large herbivorous mammal related to the elephant (order Proboscidea). It lived during the late Miocene Epoch in Asia and North America. Taxonomy Shoshani (1996) placed ''Torynobelodon'' as a synonym of ''Platybelodon'', but Lambert and Shoshani (1998) considered it morphologically distinct to be a separate genus. A 2016 cladistic study found it to be more primitive than either ''Platybelodon'' and ''Aphanobelodon''.Shi-Qi Wang; Tao Deng; Jie Ye; Wen He; Shan-Qin Chen (2016). Morphological and ecological diversity of Amebelodontidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) revealed by a Miocene fossil accumulation of an upper-tuskless proboscidean. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. Online edition. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1208687. See also *''Gnathabelodon'' *''Eubelodon'' *'' Serbelodon'' *''Amebelodon'' *''Konobelodon'' *''Platybelodon ''Platybelodon'' ("flat-spear tusk") is an extinct genus of large herbivorous proboscidean mammals related to modern- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deinotherium
''Deinotherium'' was a large elephant-like proboscidean that appeared in the Middle Miocene and survived until the Early Pleistocene. Although superficially resembling modern elephants, they had notably more flexible necks, limbs adapted to a more cursorial lifestyle as well as tusks that curved downwards and back. In addition, their tusks didn't emerge from the maxilla as in elephants but from the mandible. ''Deinotherium'' was a widespread genus, ranging from East Africa to the south to Europe and east to the Indian Subcontinent. They were browsing animals with a diet mainly consisting of leaves, and they most likely died out as forested areas were gradually replaced by open grassland during the latter half of the Neogene. History and naming ''Deinotherium'' has a long history, possibly dating back as early as the 17th century when a French surgeon named Matsorier found the bones of large animals in an area known as the "field of giants" near Lyon. Matsorier is said to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fault (geology)
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. Large faults within Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as the megathrust faults of subduction zones or transform faults. Energy release associated with rapid movement on active faults is the cause of most earthquakes. Faults may also displace slowly, by aseismic creep. A ''fault plane'' is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A ''fault trace'' or ''fault line'' is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. A ''fault zone'' is a cluster of parallel faults. However, the term is also used for the zone of crushed rock along a single fault. Prolonged motion along closely spaced faults can blur the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrienne Mayor
Adrienne Mayor (born 1946) is a historian of ancient science and a classical folklorist. Mayor specializes in ancient history and the study of "folk science", or how pre-scientific cultures interpreted data about the natural world, and how these interpretations form the basis of many ancient myths, folklore and popular beliefs. Her work in pre-scientific fossil discoveries and traditional interpretations of paleontological remains has opened up a new field within the emerging discipline of geomythology and classical folklore. Mayor's book, ''Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, & the Scorpion Bombs'', on the origins of biological and chemical warfare revealed the ancient roots of poison weaponry and tactics. Life From 1980 to 1996, she worked as a copy editor, and printmaker. Since 2006, Mayor has been a research scholar in the Classics Department and the History and Philosophy of Science Program at Stanford University. Mayor has published books and articles on the history of automatons, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikos Solounias
Nikos ( el, Νίκος, ''Níkos'') is a Greek given name. It originates from Greek ''Nikolaos'', which means "victory of the people".Liddell & Scott, Abridged Greek Lexicon Although used as a proper first name, Nikos is also a popular nickname of the original Nikolaos (Greek) or Nicholas (English). People *Nikos Alefantos, Greek football coach *Nikos Aliagas, Greek TV host *Nikos Anastopoulos, Greek footballer * Nikos Arabatzis, Greek footballer *Nikos Argiropoulos, Greek basketball player * Nikos Babaniotis, Greek footballer * Nikos Barboudis, Greek footballer *Nikos Barlos, Greek basketball player *Nikos Beloyannis, Greek communist and resistance leader *Nikos Boudouris, Greek basketball player * Nikos Boutzikos, Greek footballer *Nikos Christodoulou, Greek conductor and composer *Nikos Christodoulides, Greek Cypriot politician *Nikos Dabizas, Greek footballer * Nikos Dimitrakos, American ice-hockey player *Nikos Dimou, Greek writer *Nikos Ekonomou, Greek basketball player *Niko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
