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Kogălniceanu Family
The House of Kogălniceanu, Kogălniceanul or Cogâlniceanu (; ro, Familia Kogălniceanu, ''Kogălniceni'' or ''Kogălnicenii''; Francized ''de Kogalnitchan'') was one of the major political, intellectual and aristocratic families in Moldavia, with branches in modern Romania. Originally Bessarabian peasants, the first Kogălniceanus accumulated wealth and, as owners of the Scrivulenii (Râpile) estate, climbed into the boyar elite. They were also important as skilled members of the Moldavian bureaucracy, and, through brothers Constantin and Enache, also made contributions to 18th-century Romanian literature. Their work was matched and surpassed three generations later by possibly the most famous member of the family, historian and statesman Mihail Kogălniceanu, one of the founders of modern Romania and of Romanian liberalism. Some of the 20th-century Kogălniceanus were politically significant, supporting either the Conservative or People's Parties. Among the latter categ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kogălniceanu Family Coat Of Arms
Kogălniceanu or Cogălniceanu () may refer to: * Kogălniceanu family, a Moldavian and Romanian boyar family, whose members include: ** Constantin Kogălniceanu, legislator ** Enache Kogălniceanu, courtier, man of letters, brother of Constantin ** Mihail Kogălniceanu, liberal statesman, lawyer, great-grandson of Constantin ** Vasile Kogălniceanu, agrarian politician, son of Mihail * Dan Cogălniceanu Dan or DAN may refer to: People * Dan (name), including a list of people with the name ** Dan (king), several kings of Denmark * Dan people, an ethnic group located in West Africa **Dan language, a Mande language spoken primarily in Côte d'Ivoir ..., actor See also * Mihail Kogălniceanu (other) {{DEFAULTSORT:Kogalniceanu Romanian-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sturdza Family
The House of Sturdza, Sturza or Stourdza is the name of an old Moldavian noble family, whose origins can be traced back to the 1540s and whose members played important political role in the history of Moldavia, Russia and later Romania. Political family The Sturdza family, a Moldavian princely family, has been long and intimately associated with the government first of Moldavia and afterwards of Romania. Its members belong to two main branches, which trace their descent from either Ioan Sturdza or Alexandru Sturdza, the sons of Chiriac Sturdza, who lived in the 17th century, and may be regarded as the founder of the family. Members active in government: *Ioan Sturdza prince of Moldavia from 1822 to 1828 *Mihail Sturdza (1795 – 1884), Prince of Moldavia from 1834 to 1849, modernizer of Moldavia *Alexandru Sturdza, also known as ''Alexandre Stourdza'' (1791–1854), Russian publicist and diplomatist *Grigore Sturdza (1821 – 1901), son of Mihail, army general and politician *Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldavian Military Forces
Moldavia had a military force for much of its history as an independent and, later, autonomous principality subject to the Ottoman Empire (14th century-1859). Army Middle Ages Under the reign of Stephen the Great, all farmers and villagers had to bear arms. Stephen justified this by saying that "every man has a duty to defend his fatherland"; according to Polish chronicler Jan Długosz, if someone was found without carrying a weapon, he was sentenced to death. Stephen reformed the army by promoting men from the landed free peasantry ''răzeşi'' (i.e. something akin to freeholding yeomen) to infantry (''voinici'') and light cavalry (''hânsari'') — to make himself less dependent on the boyars — and introduced his army to guns. In times of crises, The Small Host (''Oastea Mică'') — which consisted of around 10,000 to 12,000 men — stood ready to engage the enemy, while the Large Host (''Oastea Mare'') — which could reach up to 40,000 — had all the free peasantry older ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Votchina
Votchina (russian: во́тчина) or otchina (о́тчина – from word ''Father'') was an East Slavic land estate that could be inherited. The term "votchina" was also used to describe the lands of a knyaz. The term originated in the law of Kievan Rus Kievan Rusʹ, also known as Kyivan Rusʹ ( orv, , Rusĭ, or , , ; Old Norse: ''Garðaríki''), was a state in Eastern Europe, Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Hist .... An owner of votchina (''votchinnik'', вотчинник) not only had property rights to it, but also some administrative and legal power over people living on its territory. These people, however, were not serfs, as they had a right to freely move to different votchinas. Later the administrative and legal powers of the votchina owners were severely limited, and then completely revoked. In the mid-15th century, the right of certain categories of peasants in some votchi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fălciu County
Fălciu County was an administrative division of Moldavia (until 1859), then a county ('' judeṭ'') in Romania between 1859 and 1950. Its capital was the town of Huși. Another important town was Fălciu. History Fălciu was a land (''ṭinut'') of the principality of Moldavia. After the formation of the Kingdom of Romania, it was integrated in the new administrative system as a county (''judeṭ''). It covered 2,120 km2. It was one of the most rural counties of Romania and one of the poorest. The communist regime disbanded the Fălciu County in 1950, when all counties were replaced with Soviet-style raions. Fălciu County consisted of the western part of the current Vaslui County and the extreme southeast of the current Iași County, and a small eastern part of the county now lies in Moldova. It bordered Vaslui County to the west, Iași county to the north, Lăpușna County and Cahul County to the east, and Tutova County to the south. Administrative organization Administrativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scribe
A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing. The profession of the scribe, previously widespread across cultures, lost most of its prominence and status with the advent of the printing press. The work of scribes can involve copying manuscripts and other texts as well as secretarial and administrative duties such as the taking of dictation and keeping of business, judicial, and historical records for kings, nobles, temples, and cities. The profession has developed into public servants, journalists, accountants, bookkeepers, typists, and lawyers. In societies with low literacy rates, street-corner letter-writers (and readers) may still be found providing scribe service. Ancient Egypt One of the most important professionals in ancient Egypt was a person educated in the arts of writing (both hieroglyphics and hieratic scripts, as well as the demotic script from the sec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Călmățui, Hîncești
Călmățui is a village in Hîncești District, Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states .... References Villages of Hîncești District {{Hîncești-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bujor, Hîncești
Bujor is a village in Hîncești District, Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states .... References Villages of Hîncești District Kishinyovsky Uyezd {{Hîncești-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown (heraldry)
A crown is often an emblem of a sovereign state, usually a monarchy (see The Crown), but also used by some republics. A specific type of crown is employed in heraldry under strict rules. Indeed, some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium. Crowns are also often used as symbols of religious status or veneration, by divinities (or their representation such as a statue) or by their representatives, e.g. the Black Crown of the Karmapa Lama, sometimes used a model for wider use by devotees. A crown can be a charge ''in'' a coat of arms, or set ''atop'' the shield to signify the status of its owner, as with the coat of arms of Norway. Physical and heraldic crowns Sometimes, the crown commonly depicted and used in heraldry differs significantly from any specific physical crown that may be used by a monarchy. File:Den norske kongekronen.jpg, Photograph of the physical crown of Norway File:Crown of the Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia is traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia). Dobruja could sometimes be considered a third section due to its proximity and Dobruja#Wallachian rule, brief rule over it. Wallachia as a whole is sometimes referred to as Muntenia through identification with the larger of the two traditional sections. Wallachia was founded as a principality in the early 14th century by Basarab I of Wallachia, Basarab I after a rebellion against Charles I of Hungary, although the first mention of the territory of Wallachia west of the river Olt River, Olt dates to a charter given to the voivode Seneslau in 1246 by Béla IV of Hungary. In 1417, Wallachia was fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neagu Djuvara
Neagu Bunea Djuvara (; 18 August 1916 – 25 January 2018) was a Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist, and diplomat. Biography Early life A native of Bucharest, he was descended from an aristocratic Aromanian family. Bogdan Nicolai"Regret că numele Djuvara va dispărea odată cu mine" ("I Regret that the Name of Djuvara Will Be Extinguished with Me"), interview with Neagu Djuvara, in ''Evenimentul Zilei'', January 22, 2006 (hosted by www.presa-zilei.ro), retrieved June 13, 2007 Toma Roman Jr"Politicește, Ion Antonescu habar n-avea ce face" ("Politically, Ion Antonescu Had No Idea of What He Was Doing"), interview with Neagu Djuvara, in ''Plai cu Boi'', No. 11, retrieved June 13, 2007 His father, Marcel, a graduate of the Technical University of Berlin and a captain in the Romanian Royal Army's Engineer Corps, died of the Spanish flu in 1918; his mother, Tinca, was the last descendant of the Grădișteanu family of boyar origins (according to Djuva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziarul De Iași
''Ziarul'' was a daily newspaper in Romania, published in Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of .... It was founded in 2002 by Eugen Arnăutu, a PSD deputy. It was later taken over by Cristian Burca, former owner of the station Prima TV and Kiss FM. The newspaper changed owner again in October 2007, after Nicolae Bara decided, just months after taking over, to sell the shares it held in the newspaper. Viorel Sima, the new owner, was editor of the tabloid ''attack'', and in June 2008 was also the owner of the weekly ''Umbra''. The newspaper ceased publication in June 2008. External links''Ziarul'', official site Newspapers published in Bucharest Publications with year of establishment missing {{Romania-newspaper-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
