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Kobzar
A ''kobzar'' ( ua, кобзар, pl. kobzari ua, кобзарі) was an itinerant Ukrainian bard who sang to his own accompaniment, played on a multistringed bandura or kobza. Tradition Kobzars were often blind and became predominantly so by the 1800s. ''Kobzar'' literally means 'kobza player', a Ukrainian stringed instrument of the lute family, and more broadly — a performer of the musical material associated with the kobzar tradition. The professional kobzar tradition was established during the Hetmanate Era around the sixteenth century in Ukraine. Kobzars accompanied their singing with a musical instrument known as the kobza, bandura, or lira. Their repertoire primarily consisted of para-liturgical psalms and "kanty", and also included a unique epic form known as dumas. At the turn of the nineteenth century there were three regional kobzar schools: Chernihiv, Poltava, and Slobozhan, which were differentiated by repertoire and playing style. Guilds In Ukraine, kobzar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobzar (book)
''Kobzar'' (Ukrainian: Кобзар, "The bard"), is a book of poems by Ukrainian poet and painter Taras Shevchenko, first published by him in 1840 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Taras Shevchenko was nicknamed ''The Kobzar'' after the publishing of this book. From that time on this title has been applied to Shevchenko's poetry in general and acquired a symbolic meaning of the Ukrainian national and literary revival. The first publication consisted of eight poems: "Думи мої, думи мої, лихо мені з вами" (''My thoughts, my thoughts, you are my doom''), "Перебендя" ( Perebendya), "Катерина" (''Kateryna''), "Тополя" (''Poplar tree''), "Думка" (''Thought''), "Нащо мені чорні брови" (''Why should I have Black Eyebrows''), "До Основ'яненка" (''To Osnovyanenko''), "Іван Підкова" (''Ivan Pidkova''), and "Тарасова ніч" (''Taras's night''). There were three editions of the ''Kobzar'' du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobzars Kravchenko Dremchenko
A ''kobzar'' ( ua, кобзар, pl. kobzari ua, кобзарі) was an itinerant Ukrainian bard who sang to his own accompaniment, played on a multistringed bandura or kobza. Tradition Kobzars were often blind and became predominantly so by the 1800s. ''Kobzar'' literally means 'kobza player', a Ukrainian stringed instrument of the lute family, and more broadly — a performer of the musical material associated with the kobzar tradition. The professional kobzar tradition was established during the Hetmanate Era around the sixteenth century in Ukraine. Kobzars accompanied their singing with a musical instrument known as the kobza, bandura, or lira. Their repertoire primarily consisted of para-liturgical psalms and "kanty", and also included a unique epic form known as dumas. At the turn of the nineteenth century there were three regional kobzar schools: Chernihiv, Poltava, and Slobozhan, which were differentiated by repertoire and playing style. Guilds In Ukraine, kobzar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobzars'kyj Tsekh
Kobzarskyi Tsekh (, ''Kobzars'kyi Tsekh''), literally "Kobzar guild", is an organization of kobzars, which have existed since the 17th century in Ukraine. In Ukraine, blind travelling musicians, known as kobzars or lirnyks, organized themselves into guilds similarly to professional craftsmen. These musicians would gather at regular meeting spots on particular dates to celebrate religious feasts, administer examinations for the induction of novices and masters, and collect money for placement of votive candles under icons of patron saints and to also discuss the business of the guild. From 1932 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, kobzars were effectively outlawed, and many were put to death. After Ukraine regained independence from Russia, the idea for the creation of a Kobzar guild in Kyiv was initiated by followers and students of traditional bandurist Heorhy Tkachenko - Mykola Budnyk and Mykhailo Khai. The reason for the formation of the Kobzar guild was to have a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobzarskyi Tsekh
Kobzarskyi Tsekh (, ''Kobzars'kyi Tsekh''), literally "Kobzar guild", is an organization of kobzars, which have existed since the 17th century in Ukraine. In Ukraine, blind travelling musicians, known as kobzars or lirnyks, organized themselves into guilds similarly to professional craftsmen. These musicians would gather at regular meeting spots on particular dates to celebrate religious feasts, administer examinations for the induction of novices and masters, and collect money for placement of votive candles under icons of patron saints and to also discuss the business of the guild. From 1932 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, kobzars were effectively outlawed, and many were put to death. After Ukraine regained independence from Russia, the idea for the creation of a Kobzar guild in Kyiv was initiated by followers and students of traditional bandurist Heorhy Tkachenko - Mykola Budnyk and Mykhailo Khai. The reason for the formation of the Kobzar guild was to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taras Shevchenko
Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko ( uk, Тарас Григорович Шевченко , pronounced without the middle name; – ), also known as Kobzar Taras, or simply Kobzar (a kobzar is a bard in Ukrainian culture), was a Ukraine, Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, folklore, folklorist and ethnography, ethnographer.Taras Shevchenko in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition. 1970-1979 (in English) His literary heritage is regarded to be the foundation of modern Ukrainian literature and, to a large extent, the modern Ukrainian language, though this is different from the language of his poems. He also wrote some works in Russian (nine novellas, a diary, and an autobiography). Shevchenko is also known for his many masterpieces as a painter and an illustrator. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecuted Bandurists
Kobzars and bandurists were a unique class of musicians in Ukraine, who travelled between towns and sang dumas, a meditative poem-song. Kobzars were usually blind, and required the completion of a three-year apprenticeship in specialized Kobzar guilds, in order to be officially recognized as such. In 1932, on the order of Stalin, the Soviet authorities called on all Ukrainian Kobzars to attend a congress in Kharkiv. Those that arrived were taken outside the city and were all put to death. Persecution of bandurists and kobzari by the Soviet authorities can be divided up into various periods. These periods differed in the type and length of persecution and punishments were dealt out and also the reason for the punishment. Following is a list of persecuted Bandurists sourced from ''Music from the shadows'' Roman Malko and ''The Voices of the Dead'' by Kuromiya Hiroaki. A * Andriychyk, Hryhoriy – member of Kiev Bandurist Capella arrested in 1937, shot in 1938. * Andrusenko, Mykhailo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandura
A bandura ( uk, банду́ра) is a Ukrainian plucked string folk instrument. It combines elements of the zither and lute and, up until the 1940s, was also often referred to by the term kobza. Early instruments (c. 1700) had 5 to 12 strings and similar to the lute. In the 20th century, the number of strings increased initially to 31 strings (1926), then to 56 strings – 68 strings on modern 'concert' instruments (1954).Mizynec, V. Folk Instruments of Ukraine. Bayda Books, Melbourne, Australia, 1987, 48с. Musicians who play the bandura are referred to as bandurists. In the 19th – early 20th century traditional bandura players, often blind, were referred to as kobzars. It is suggested that the instrument developed as a hybrid of gusli (Eastern-European psaltery) and kobza (Eastern-European lute). Some also consider the ''kobza'' as a type or an instrument resembling the ''bandura''. The term ''bandura'' can date itself to Polish chronicles from 1441. The hybridization, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobza
The kobza ( uk , кобза), also called bandurka ( uk , бандурка) is a Ukrainian folk music instrument of the lute family ( Hornbostel-Sachs classification number 321.321-5+6), a relative of the Central European mandora. The term ''kobza'' however, has also been applied to a number of other Eastern European instruments distinct from the Ukrainian kobza. Construction The Ukrainian kobza was a traditionally gut-strung, lute-like stringed musical instrument with a body hewn from a single block of wood. Instruments with a staved assembly also exist. The kobza has a medium-length neck which may or may not have tied-on frets, which were usually made of gut. It was single-strung (sometimes also double-strung) and the strings were played with fingertips or occasionally with a plectrum threaded through a ring placed on the middle finger. History The term kobza is of Turkic origin and is related to the terms kobyz and komuz, thought to have been introduced into the Ukrainian la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preservation Of Kobzar Music
The idea of the preservation of kobzar music by means of sound recording originated in 1901–02. Kobzars were itinerant Ukrainian folk musicians who sung ''dumas'' and folk songs to their own accompaniment of kobza, bandura or lira. The 12th Archeological Congress was held in Kharkiv, now in Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. It was dedicated to Ukrainian folk music. During its preparation, the committee discussed a letter from Russian ethnographer Vsevolod Miller with the suggestion to using recently invented graphophone ( Alexander Bell's version of phonograph, which used wax-coated cylinders). However the suggestion was not accepted due to lack of money. Other people came with the same suggestion, both during the preparation and the sessions of the congress. A team of Hnat Khotkevych (musicologist, bandurist, engineer, and ethnographer), Oleksandr Borodai (engineer and bandurist), and Opanas Slastion (artist and ethnographer), have eventually taken the job. Borodai bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lira (Ukrainian Instrument)
The lira, or relia, ( uk, ліра) is a Ukrainian variant of the hurdy-gurdy, an instrument which can trace its history back to the 10th century. Regarding the origins of the lira in the region there are two schools of thought: # The lira is an evolution of the medieval bowed lira of the Byzantine Empire, ancestor of most European bowed instruments. The Byzantine lira was possibly introduced into Ukraine through the various trade routes to Byzantium. # The lira was introduced into Ukraine in the 17th century by Cossacks who had fought in France as mercenary soldiers. The lira was used as an instrument to accompany religious psalms, kants and epic ballads (known as '' dumy'') performed by itinerant blind musicians called lirnyky (sing. lirnyk). Occasionally lirnyky were hired to play dance music at weddings. They often organized themselves into Kobzar guilds, guilds or brotherhoods with their own laws and a secret language known as Lebiy. The traditional lira has three strings, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duma (epic)
A Duma ( uk , дума, plural ''dumy'') is a sung epic poem which originated in Ukraine during the Hetmanate Era in the Sixteenth century (possibly based on earlier Kyivan epic forms). Historically, dumy were performed by itinerant Cossack bards called kobzari, who accompanied themselves on a kobza or a torban, but after the abolition of Hetmanate by the Empress Catherine of Russia the epic singing became the domain of blind itinerant musicians who retained the kobzar appellation and accompanied their singing by playing a bandura (rarely a kobza) or a relya/lira (a Ukrainian variety of hurdy-gurdy). Dumas are sung in recitative, in the so-called " duma mode", a variety of the Dorian mode with a raised fourth degree. Dumy were songs built around historical events, many dealing with the military actions in some forms. Embedded in these historical events were religious and moralistic elements. There are themes of the struggle of the Cossacks against enemies of different faiths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernihiv Kobzars
The Chernihiv kobzari were grouped around the city of Mena, in the Chernihiv Oblast of northeastern Ukraine. Outstanding members of this group were Pavlo Bratytsia, Andriy Beshko, Prokop Dub, Luka Dumenko, A. Haydenko, Petro Heras'ko, Pavlo Kulyk, Tereshko Parkhomenko, Ivan Romanenko, Andriy Shut, Petro Siroshtan, Demian Symonenko, Petro Tkachenko, Semen Vlasko and Semen Zezulia. The style of playing the bandura used by Chernihiv kobzari became the foundation of the Kyiv academic bandura tradition (Kyiv academic style The Kyiv Academic Style of Bandura Playing is a method of playing the Ukrainian folk instrument of bandura. The instrument is held between the knees perpendicular to the body of the player. This means that the left hand is only able to play easily ...). References Kobzarstvo Ukrainian musical groups {{Ukraine-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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