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Kiwaidae
''Kiwa'' is a genus of marine decapods living at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The animals are commonly referred to as "yeti lobsters" or "yeti crabs", after the legendary yeti, because of their "hairy" or bristly appearance. The genus is placed in its own family, Kiwaidae, in the superfamily Chirostyloidea. Five species have been described: '' Kiwa hirsuta'' discovered in 2005 on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, ''Kiwa puravida'' discovered in 2006 at cold seeps in the East Pacific (all other species are from hydrothermal vents), '' Kiwa tyleri'', known colloquially as the "Hoff crab", from the East Scotia Ridge, and '' Kiwa araonae'' from the Australian-Antarctic Ridge. Two similar but undescribed species are known from vents on the South West Indian Ridge and at the Galápagos respectively. Analysis of DNA has confirmed the distinction of the species, them having diverged from each other millions of years ago. The third undescribed species of ''Kiwa'' was discovere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squat Lobsters
Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished. Description The two main groups of squat lobsters share most features of their morphology. They resemble true lobsters in some ways, but are somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, and are typically smaller. Squat lobsters vary in carapace length (measured from the eye socket to the rear edge), from in the case of '' Munidopsis aries'', down to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chirostyloidea
Chirostyloidea is an anomuran superfamily with squat lobster-like representatives. It comprises the three families Chirostylidae, Eumunididae and Kiwaidae. Although representatives of Chirostyloidea are superficially similar to galatheoid squat lobsters, they are more closely related to Lomisoidea and Aegloidea together forming the clade Australopoda. No fossils can be confidently assigned to the Chirostyloidea, although '' Pristinaspina'' may belong either in the family Kiwaidae or Chirostylidae. Genera ; Chirostylidae Ortmann, 1892 *'' Chirostylus'' Ortmann, 1892 *'' Gastroptychus'' Caullery, 1896 *'' Hapaloptyx'' Stebbing, 1920 *'' Uroptychodes'' Baba, 2004 *''Uroptychus'' Henderson, 1888 ; Eumunididae A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1900 *'' Eumunida'' Smith, 1883 *'' Pseudomunida'' Haig, 1979 ;Kiwaidae ''Kiwa'' is a genus of marine decapods living at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The animals are commonly referred to as "yeti lobsters" or "yeti crabs", afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiwa Tyleri
''Kiwa tyleri'', the "Hoff crab", is a species of deep-sea squat lobster in the family Kiwaidae, which lives on hydrothermal vents near Antarctica. The crustacean was given its English nickname in 2010 by UK deep-sea scientists aboard the RRS ''James Cook'', owing to resemblance between its dense covering of setae on the ventral surface of the exoskeleton and the hairy chest of the actor David Hasselhoff. The 2010 expedition to explore hydrothermal vents on the East Scotia Ridge was the second of three expeditions to the Southern Ocean by the UK led research consortium, ChEsSo (Chemosynthetic Ecosystems of the Southern Ocean). Distribution This species – the only member of its genus found outside the Pacific Ocean, is known from two sites adjacent to and on the chimney sides of hydrothermal vents in the East Scotia Ridge of the south Atlantic Ocean: from around depth at the E9 vent site and from around depth at the E2 site. Over time, this creature has adapted to the crushin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiwa Hirsuta
''Kiwa hirsuta'' is a crustacean discovered in 2005 in the South Pacific Ocean. This decapod, which is approximately long, is notable for the quantity of silky blond setae (resembling fur) covering its pereiopods (thoracic legs, including claws). Its discoverers dubbed it the "yeti lobster" or "yeti crab". Identification ''K. hirsuta'' was discovered in March 2005 by a group organized by Robert Vrijenhoek of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in Monterey, California and Michel Segonzac of the Ifremer and a Census of Marine Life scientist using the submarine DSV ''Alvin'', operating from RV ''Atlantis''. The discovery was announced on 7 March 2006. It was found along the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, south of Easter Island at a depth of , living on hydrothermal vents. Based on both morphology and molecular data, the organism was deemed to form a new biological family (Kiwaidae); a second species, ''Kiwa puravida'', was discovered in 2006 and described in 2011. Yeti C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrothermal Vent
A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspots. Hydrothermal deposits are rocks and mineral ore deposits formed by the action of hydrothermal vents. Hydrothermal vents exist because the earth is both geologically active and has large amounts of water on its surface and within its crust. Under the sea, they may form features called black smokers or white smokers. Relative to the majority of the deep sea, the areas around hydrothermal vents are biologically more productive, often hosting complex communities fueled by the chemicals dissolved in the vent fluids. Chemosynthetic bacteria and Archaea form the base of the food chain, supporting diverse organisms, including giant tube worms, clams, limpets and shrimp. Active hydrothermal vents are thought to exist on Jupiter's moon Europa an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiwa Puravida
''Kiwa puravida'' is a species of deep-sea dwelling decapod, a member of the genus '' Kiwa'', a genus of animals sometimes informally known as "yeti crabs". The crabs live at deep-sea cold seeps where they feed on symbiotic Pseudomonadota, which they cultivate on hair-like projections on their claws. The bacteria metabolise hydrogen sulfide and methane produced by the seeps, and are harvested by the animals' comb-like mouthparts. Among the other deep-sea animals that make use of such symbionts this species is unique in that it actively waves its appendages over the vents in order to provide the bacteria with more oxygen and nutrients. ''Kiwa puravida'' was discovered living on the deep sea bottom off the coast of Costa Rica in 2006 by Andrew Thurber, William J. Jones and Kareen Schnabel. The only other members of its family, '' Kiwa hirsuta'', and the Hoff crab, or '' Kiwa tyleri'', are crabs with similarly hairy claws. ''Kiwa hirsuta'' was discovered in 2005 near Easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold Seep
A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool. ''Cold'' does not mean that the temperature of the seepage is lower than that of the surrounding sea water. On the contrary, its temperature is often slightly higher. The "cold" is relative to the very warm (at least ) conditions of a hydrothermal vent. Cold seeps constitute a biome supporting several endemic species. Cold seeps develop unique topography over time, where reactions between methane and seawater create carbonate rock formations and reefs. These reactions may also be dependent on bacterial activity. Ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate, can be associated with oxidizing methane at cold seeps. Types Types of cold seeps can be distinguished according to the depth, as shallow cold seeps and deep cold seeps. Cold seeps can also be distinguished in detail, as follows: * oil/gas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuromere
Neuromeres are morphologically or molecularly defined transient segments of the early developing brain. Rhombomeres are such segments that make up the rhombencephalon or hindbrain. More controversially, some argue that there exist early developmental segments that give rise to structures of the midbrain ( mesomeres) and forebrain ( prosomeres). Neuromeres are the segments of the neural tube that establish the embryonic brain during development. They can then be divided up so that each is carrying different and unique genetic traits, expressing different features in development. Neuromeres were first discovered in the beginning of the 20th century. Although researchers have long since recognized the different signs of differentiation during embryonic development, it was widely thought that neuromeres held no relation to the structure of the nervous system. Swedish neuroembyrologists Bergquist and Kallen clarified the role of neuromeres by conducting several studies showing t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contributions To Zoology
''Contributions to Zoology'' (formerly known as ''Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde'') is a scientific journal that started in 1848 as a publication of the Committee in charge of the library of the Dutch Royal Zoological Society "Natura Artis Magistra" and became integrated in the library of the University of Amsterdam in 1939. Since 2019 the journal is published by Brill publishers, Leiden. The journal has been freely available online since 1997. The current editor-in-chief is Ronald Vonk from Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. Contributions to Zoology solicits high-quality papers in all systematics-related branches of comparative zoology (including paleozoology). Preference is given to manuscripts dealing with conceptual issues and to integrative papers (e.g., ecology and biodiversity, morphology and phylogeny and character state evolution, phylogeny and historical biogeography, systematics and bioinformatics, bioinformatics and biodiversity, habitat disturbance and biogeography, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seta
In biology, setae (singular seta ; from the Latin word for "bristle") are any of a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms. Animal setae Protostomes Annelid setae are stiff bristles present on the body. They help, for example, earthworms to attach to the surface and prevent backsliding during peristaltic motion. These hairs make it difficult to pull a worm straight from the ground. Setae in oligochaetes (a group including earthworms) are largely composed of chitin. They are classified according to the limb to which they are attached; for instance, notosetae are attached to notopodia; neurosetae to neuropodia. Crustaceans have mechano- and chemosensory setae. Setae are especially present on the mouthparts of crustaceans and can also be found on grooming limbs. In some cases, setae are modified into scale like structures. Setae on the legs of krill and other small crustaceans help them to gather phytoplankton. It captures them and allows th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfur Metabolism
Sulfur is metabolism, metabolized by all organisms, from bacteria and archaea to plants and animals. Sulfur is redox, reduced or redox, oxidized by organisms in a variety of forms. The chemical element, element is present in proteins, organosulfate, sulfate esters of polysaccharides, steroids, phenols, and sulfur-containing coenzymes. Oxidation Reduced sulfur compounds are oxidized by most organisms, including higher animals and higher plants. Some organisms can conserve energy (i.e., produce adenosine triphosphate, ATP) from the oxidation of sulfur. Sulfur is the sole energy source for some lithotrophic bacteria and archaea. Reduced sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates (e.g., tetrathionate), are used by various lithotrophic bacteria and are all oxidized by ''Acidithiobacillus''. Sulfur oxidizers use enzymes such as Sulfide:quinone reductase, sulfur dioxygenase and sulfite oxidase to oxidize sulfur compoun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
