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Kitty Pakenham
Catherine Sarah Dorothea Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (; 14 January 1773 – 24 April 1831), known before her marriage as Kitty Pakenham, was the wife of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Early life Catherine Pakenham was born on 14 January 1773 in Dublin, Ireland. A daughter of Edward Pakenham, and the former Catherine Rowley, she became "The Honourable Catherine Pakenham" when her father succeeded as the 2nd Baron Longford in 1776. Among her siblings were Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford; Gen. Sir Edward Pakenham; and Lt.-Gen. Sir Hercules Robert Pakenham, aide-de-camp to King William IV. Her paternal grandparents were Thomas Pakenham, 1st Baron Longford, and Elizabeth Cuffe, 1st Countess of Longford. Her maternal grandparents were Elizabeth Rowley, 1st Viscountess Langford, and Hercules Langford Rowley, Member of Parliament for County Meath and County Londonderry. Personal life She had met Wellesley in Ireland when they were both young, and Wellesley, after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Her Grace
His Grace or Her Grace is an English style used for various high-ranking personages. It was the style used to address English monarchs until Henry VIII and the Scottish monarchs up to the Act of Union of 1707, which united the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. Today, the style is used when referring to archbishops and non-royal dukes and duchesses in the United Kingdom. Examples of usage include His Grace The Duke of Norfolk; His Grace The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury; or "Your Grace" in spoken or written address. As a style of British dukes it is an abbreviation of the full formal style "The Most High, Noble and Potent Prince His Grace". Royal dukes, for example Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, are addressed with their higher royal style, Royal Highness. The Duchess of Windsor was styled "Your Grace" and not Royal Highness upon marriage to Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor. Ecclesiastical usage Christianity The style "His Grace" and "Your Grace" is used in England ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Rowley, 1st Viscountess Langford
Viscount Langford, of Longford Lodge, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 19 February 1766 for Elizabeth Rowley. She was made Baroness of Summerhill at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland. She was the wife of Hercules Langford Rowley, a member of the Irish Privy Council, grandson of Sir John Rowley and Mary, daughter of Sir Hercules Langford, 1st Baronet (see Langford baronets). She was succeeded by her son, the second Viscount. He represented County Antrim and Downpatrick in the Irish Parliament. The title became extinct in 1796 on the death of the second Viscount. The Rowley estates were inherited by Clotworthy Taylor, fourth son of Thomas Taylor, 1st Earl of Bective (whose eldest son was created Marquess of Headfort in 1800) by his wife Jane, daughter of Hercules Langford Rowley and the Viscountess Langford. He assumed by Royal licence the surname of Rowley in 1796 and in 1800 the Langford title was revived when he was raised to the Peerage of Irela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon I Of France
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. He was the ''de facto'' leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again in 1815. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy endures to this day, as a highly celebrated and controversial leader. He initiated many liberal reforms that have persisted in society, and is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. His wars and campaigns are studied by militaries all over the world. Between three and six million civilians and soldiers perished in what became known as the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon was born on the island of Corsica, not long afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ambassadors From The United Kingdom To France
The British Ambassador to France is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in France, and is the head of Britain's diplomatic mission in Paris. The official title is ''His Majesty's Ambassador to France''. Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation. For the period before the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, see List of ambassadors of the Kingdom of England to France (up to 1707) and List of ambassadors of Great Britain to France (from 1707 to 1800). The Paris embassy also covers remotely the French overseas territories (including French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Réunion, French Polynesia, Mayotte, Wallis and Futuna, New Caledonia, Saint-Barthélemy) and Monaco. Besides the embassy, the Foreign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harriet Arbuthnot
Harriet Arbuthnot (née Fane; 10 September 1793 – 2 August 1834) was an early 19th-century English diarist, social observer and political hostess on behalf of the Tory party. During the 1820s she was the closest woman friend of the hero of Waterloo and British Prime Minister, the 1st Duke of Wellington.Longford, p. 195. She maintained a long correspondence and association with the Duke, all of which she recorded in her diaries, which are consequently extensively used in all authoritative biographies of the Duke of Wellington. Born into the periphery of the British aristocracy, her parents were Henry Fane and his wife, Anne, née Batson; she married a politician and member of the establishment, Charles Arbuthnot. Thus well connected, she was perfectly placed to meet many of the key figures of the Regency and late Napoleonic eras. Recording meetings and conversations often verbatim, she has today become the "''Mrs. Arbuthnot''" quoted in many biographies and histories of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815 between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson, roughly 5 miles (8 km) southeast of the French Quarter of New Orleans, in the current suburb of Chalmette, Louisiana. The battle was the climax of the five-month Gulf Campaign (September 1814 to February 1815) by Britain to try to take New Orleans, West Florida, and possibly Louisiana Territory which began at the First Battle of Fort Bowyer. Britain started the New Orleans campaign on December 14, 1814, at the Battle of Lake Borgne and numerous skirmishes and artillery duels happened in the weeks leading up to the final battle. The battle took place 15 days after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which formally ended the War of 1812, on December 24, 1814, though it would not be ratified by the United States (and therefore did not take effect) until February 16, 1815, as news of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spain, it is considered to overlap with the Spanish War of Independence. The war started when the French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807 by transiting through Spain, and it escalated in 1808 after Napoleonic France occupied Spain, which had been its ally. Napoleon Bonaparte forced the abdications of Ferdinand VII and his father Charles IV and then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne and promulgated the Bayonne Constitution. Most Spaniards rejected French rule and fought a bloody war to oust them. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in 1814, and is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation. It is also significant for the emergence of larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Pakenham
Major General Sir Edward Michael Pakenham, (19 March 1778 – 8 January 1815), was a British Army officer and politician. He was the son of the Baron Longford and the brother-in-law of the Duke of Wellington, with whom he served in the Peninsular War. During the War of 1812, he was commander of British forces in North America (1814–15). On 8 January 1815, Pakenham was killed in action while leading his men at the Battle of New Orleans. Early life Pakenham was born at Pakenham Hall (present-day Tullynally Castle) in County Westmeath, Ireland, to Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford, and his wife Catherine Rowley. He was educated at The Royal School, Armagh. His family purchased his commission as a lieutenant in the 92nd Regiment of Foot when he was only sixteen. Political career Between 1799 and 1800, Pakenham also represented Longford Borough in the Irish House of Commons. Military career Pakenham served with the 23rd Light Dragoons against the French in Ireland during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drumcondra Hospital
Drumcondra Hospital ( ga, Ospidéal Dhroim Conrach) was a voluntary hospital on Whitworth Road in Dublin, Ireland. It became an annex to the Rotunda Hospital in 1970. History A dispensary was provided at Cole's Lane, to serve the poor of parishes on the north side of Dublin at the time of the founding of the parish of St. George in 1793. This proved insufficient for the increasing number of cases. A few years later, shortly after the establishment of the Cork Street Fever Hospital on the south side of Dublin, an infirmary, St. George's Fever Hospital, was opened in Lower Dorset Street. A new site was acquired on Whitworth Road that had originally been acquired in the 18th century for the new church of St. George, which was eventually built on Temple Street. It was intended to have a hospital on the north side of the city to complement the Cork Street Hospital on the south side. A period of great distress and epidemic, due to poverty among other things in those days, showed the ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Of Enniskillen
Earl of Enniskillen is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1789 for William Cole, 1st Viscount Enniskillen. He had already been created Viscount Enniskillen in the Peerage of Ireland in 1776 and had inherited the title Baron Mount Florence, of Florence Court in the County of Fermanagh, which had been created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1760 for his father John Cole, who had earlier represented Enniskillen in the Irish House of Commons. Lord Enniskillen was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He represented Fermanagh in the British House of Commons, served as Lord Lieutenant of County Fermanagh and sat as an Irish Representative Peer in the House of Lords at Westminster from 1804-40. In 1815 he was created Baron Grinstead, of Grinstead in the County of Wiltshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him and the later Earls an automatic seat in the House of Lords. His son, the third Earl, was a palaeontologist and also sat as Conservative Membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galbraith Lowry Cole
Hon. Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole, (1 May 1772 – 4 October 1842) was an Anglo-Irish British Army general and politician. Early life Cole was the second son of an Irish peer, William Willoughby Cole, 1st Earl of Enniskillen (1 March 1736–22 May 1803), and Anne Lowry-Corry (d. September 1802), the daughter of Galbraith Lowry-Corry of Tyrone, and the sister of Armar Lowry-Corry, 1st Earl Belmore. Army service Cole was commissioned a cornet in 12th Dragoon Guards in 1787,. He transferred to 5th Dragoon Guards as a lieutenant in 1791 and to 70th Foot as a captain in 1792, and served in the West Indies, Ireland, and Egypt. He was appointed lieutenant colonel in Ward’s late regiment of foot in 1794 and lieutenant colonel in the late General Villette's corps in 1799, on Full Pay although these units had been disbanded. He was promoted to colonel in the Army in 1801 and served as brigadier general in Sicily and commanded the 1st Brigade at the Battle of Maida on 4 July 1806. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olivia Sparrow
Lady Olivia Sparrow (née Acheson) (1776–1863) was an Anglo-Irish landowner and philanthropist, widowed in 1805. She was a prominent evangelical, belonging to 29 societies engaged in related causes, and a friend of both Hannah More and William Wilberforce. She also brokered the marriage between Arthur Wellesley and Kitty Pakenham, the future Duke and Duchess of Wellington. Early life She was the eldest daughter of Arthur Acheson, 1st Earl of Gosford and his wife Millicent Pole, wife of Lieut.-Gen. Edward Pole. Marcus Beresford in 1801 enclosed a letter from Olivia in one of his own to Arthur Wellesley in India, of 1801, that also mentioned Kitty Pakenham, Olivia's close friend. This missive is considered the first step in the eventual marriage of 1806 between Arthur and Kitty. With her father, Lady Olivia was a sponsor of the nonconformist minister Ezekiel Blomfield. She was widowed in 1805. After her father's death in 1807, her religious views moved further towards an eva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
