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Kinmont Willie Armstrong
William Armstrong of Kinmont or Kinmont Willie was a Scottish border reiver and outlaw active in the Anglo- Scottish Border country in the last decades of the 16th century. He lived at the Tower of Sark, close to the border between Scotland and England, north of the centre of the border line. The tower was built for his father Sandy Armstrong, and although now demolished the site is marked by a monument unveiled in 1996. The Raid on Carlisle and the Ballad Perhaps the best known of the Border reivers (outlaw raiders or rustlers), William Armstrong of Kinmont's first recorded raid was against the Milburns of Tynedale in August 1583, when Armstrong was probably in his forties. In 1585 he accompanied the Earl of Angus`s campaign against the Earl of Arran and pillaged Stirling. Eight years later he was in Tynedale again with 1,000 men, carrying off over 2,000 beasts and £300 in spoils. Armstrong was captured in violation of a border truce day in 1596. At a Truce Day all who at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Reivers
Border reivers were Cattle raiding, raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century. They included both Scotland, Scottish and England, English people, and they raided the entire border country without regard to their victims' nationality. Their heyday was in the last hundred years of their existence, during the time of the House of Stuart in the Kingdom of Scotland and the House of Tudor in the Kingdom of England. Background Scotland and England were frequently at war during the late Middle Ages. During these wars, the livelihood of the people on the Borders was devastated by the contending armies. Even when the countries were not formally at war, tension remained high, and royal authority in either or both kingdoms was often weak, particularly in remote locations. The difficulty and uncertainties of basic human survival meant that communities and/or people kindred to each other would seek security through group streng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Eden, Cumbria
The River Eden is a river that flows through the Eden District of Cumbria, England, on its way to the Solway Firth. Etymology The river was known to the Romans as the ''Itouna'', as recorded by the Greek geographer Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy) in the 2nd century AD. This name derives from the Celtic word ''ituna'', meaning ''water'', or ''rushing''. Thus there is no relation to the biblical Garden of Eden. Course of river The Eden rises in Black Fell Moss, Mallerstang, on the high ground between High Seat, Yorkshire Dales and Hugh Seat. Here it forms the boundary between the counties of Cumbria and North Yorkshire. Two other rivers arise in the same peat bogs here, within a kilometre of each other: the River Swale and River Ure. It starts life as Red Gill Beck, then becomes Hell Gill Beck, before turning north and joining with Ais Gill Beck to become the River Eden. (Hell Gill Force, just before it meets Ais Gill Beck, is the highest waterfall along its journey to the sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Aston
Sir Roger Aston (died 23 May 1612) of Cranford, Middlesex, was an English courtier and favourite of James VI of Scotland. Biography Aston was the illegitimate son of Thomas Aston (died 1553), Thomas Aston (died 1553). Scottish sources spell his name variously as "Aschetone", "Aschetoun", or "Aschingtoun". After serving the Regent Lennox, Earl of Lennox, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Lord Darnley, and Mary, Queen of Scots, Aston was made a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to James VI of Scotland in 1578. In England, he was Master of the Great Wardrobe to King James I in England. He held both positions until his death. From 1595 he was keeper of Linlithgow Palace, and one of his daughters was born at the palace in October 1595. At the Scottish court In May 1580 twenty five gentlemen were appointed as "pensioners to attend the King's Majesty at all times on his riding and passing to the fields". The riding entourage included Aston with, James Stewart, Earl of Arran, Captain James Stewa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octavians
The Octavians were a financial commission of eight in the government of Scotland first appointed by James VI on 9 January 1596. James VI's minister John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane had died on 3 October 1595, and his financial situation was troubled. The Octavians were a reforming body, eager to bring order to the royal finances and bear down on patronage. They imposed a 5% import tax and promoted an expedition into the Highlands to recover tax revenue. The Octavians were in part drawn from a committee appointed in 1593 by the Parliament of Scotland to look after the estates of Anne of Denmark. An English courtier in Scotland Roger Aston described events at the end of December 1595 in a letter to James Hudson: "The queen's council joins with the prior (Alexander Seton) and other of the king's council for the reformation of the king's particular affairs". The committee for the queen's estates continued after the Union of Crowns, and new appointments were made in Apr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Jousie
Robert Jousie (or Joussie or Jowsie or Jossie; died 1626) was a Scottish merchant, financier, and courtier. Life Jousie was a cloth merchant based in Edinburgh with a house on the High Street or Royal Mile. He became an exclusive supplier of fabrics to James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. His accounts for royal fabrics survive in the National Archives of Scotland, and have been quoted by historians including Hugo Arnot, who noted that James VI bought ostrich feathers and beaver hats. The record includes masque costumes for James VI and Anne of Denmark, who danced in masques at weddings in the first years of the 1590s. The masque clothes included lightweight taffeta and metallic tinsel or "tock" fabrics. Royal marriage Jousie lent money to the Scottish ambassador William Stewart, Commendator of Pittenweem, who was sent to Denmark in 1588, 1589, and 1590. Jousie also supplied silks and velvets to Stewart, and his debt totalled 3,600 merks. Partnered with the goldsmith an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl Of Salisbury
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, (1 June 156324 May 1612), was an English statesman noted for his direction of the government during the Union of the Crowns, as Tudor England gave way to Stuart period, Stuart rule (1603). Lord Salisbury served as the Secretary of State (England), Secretary of State of England (1596–1612) and Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612), succeeding his William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, father as Queen Elizabeth I's Lord Privy Seal and remaining in power during the first nine years of King James VI and I, James I's reign until his own death. The principal discoverer of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, Robert Cecil remains a controversial historic figure as it is still debated at what point he first learned of the plot and to what extent he acted as an ''agent provocateur''. Early life and family Cecil (created Earl of Salisbury in 1605) was the younger son of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley by his second wife, Mildred Cooke, eldest daughter of Sir An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susan Doran
Susan Doran is a British historian whose primary studies surround the reign of Elizabeth I, in particular the theme of marriage and succession. She has published and edited sixteen books, notably ''Elizabeth I and Religion, 1558-1603'', ''Monarchy and Matrimony'' and ''Queen Elizabeth I'', the last part of the British Library's Historic Lives series. Doran is a Director of Studies for history at Regent's Park College, Oxford and Senior Research Fellow for History at Jesus College, Oxford, where her specific area of interest is Early Modern British and European history. Previously, Doran was a Reader in history and Director of the History Programme at St Mary's College, Strawberry Hill, part of the University of Surrey The University of Surrey is a public research university in Guildford, Surrey, England. The university received its royal charter in 1966, along with a number of other institutions following recommendations in the Robbins Report. The institut ....Dustcover Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Ashby (died 1593)
William Ashby or Asheby (died 1593) was an English politician and a diplomat sent to Scotland. Career He was the second son of Everard Ashby of Lowesby, Leicestershire, and Mary, daughter of Robert Baud of Somerby, and widow of William Berkley of Wymondham. He was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, Christchurch, Oxford, and in Paris. He studied law at the Middle Temple in London in 1575. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Grantham in 1586 and for Chichester in 1593. His nephew Robert Naunton, who accompanied him to Scotland, was the MP for the University of Cambridge. In Scotland Ashby was ambassador in Scotland from 1588 to 1590. Many of Ashby's letters from Scotland are concerned with Thomas Fowler, a servant of the Countess of Lennox pursuing the affairs of Arbella Stuart. Ashby was interested in the fate of ships and men from the Spanish Armada. He followed the progress of the negotiations for the marriage of James VI, with Catherine de Bourbon or Anne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada (a.k.a. the Enterprise of England, es, Grande y Felicísima Armada, links=no, lit=Great and Most Fortunate Navy) was a Spanish fleet that sailed from Lisbon in late May 1588, commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, an aristocrat without previous naval experience appointed by Philip II of Spain. His orders were to sail up the English Channel, link up with the Duke of Parma in Flanders, and escort an invasion force that would land in England and overthrow Elizabeth I. Its purpose was to reinstate Catholicism in England, end support for the Dutch Republic, and prevent attacks by English and Dutch privateers against Spanish interests in the Americas. The Spanish were opposed by an English fleet based in Plymouth. Faster and more manoeuvrable than the larger Spanish galleons, they were able to attack the Armada as it sailed up the Channel. Several subordinates advised Medina Sidonia to anchor in The Solent and occupy the Isle of Wight, but he refused to devia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir David Foulis, 1st Baronet
Sir David Foulis (died 1642) was a Scottish politician. Life Foulis was the third son of Sir James Foulis of Colinton, by Agnes Heriot of Lumphoy, and great-grandson of Sir James Foulis of Colinton (d. 1549). His brothers were James Foulis of Colinton, and George Foulis goldsmith and Master of the Mint (1569–1633). His sister Margaret Foulis married the lawyer and king's advocate Thomas Hamilton in 1597. The goldsmith Thomas Foulis was his uncle. The family lived in Old Colinton House (later called Woodhall). Agnes Heriot, his mother, died in 1593 and is buried in the floor of Colinton Parish Church. Agnes appears to have been the sister of George Heriot a notable Edinburgh merchant. From 1594 onwards David Foulis was actively engaged in politics, and many of his letters are calendared in the ''Calendar of Scottish State Papers'' edited by John Duncan Mackie in 1969. Essex and a diamond ring Foulis was often in London and concerned with the receipt of an annuity or subsidy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Child Ballads
The Child Ballads are 305 traditional ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, anthologized by Francis James Child during the second half of the 19th century. Their lyrics and Child's studies of them were published as ''The English and Scottish Popular Ballads''. The tunes of most of the ballads were collected and published by Bertrand Harris Bronson in and around the 1960s. History Age and source of the ballads The ballads vary in age; for instance, the manuscript of "Judas" dates to the thirteenth century and a version of " A Gest of Robyn Hode" was printed in the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century. The majority of the ballads, however, date to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Although some are claimed to have very ancient influences, only a handful can be definitively traced to before 1600. Moreover, few of the tunes collected are as old as the words. Nevertheless, Child's collection was far more comprehensive than any previous coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballad
A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French ''chanson balladée'' or ''ballade'', which were originally "dance songs". Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of Britain and Ireland from the Late Middle Ages until the 19th century. They were widely used across Europe, and later in Australia, North Africa, North America and South America. Ballads are often 13 lines with an ABABBCBC form, consisting of couplets (two lines) of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables. Another common form is ABAB or ABCB repeated, in alternating eight and six syllable lines. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century, the term took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and is often used for any love song, particularly the sentimental ballad of pop or roc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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