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Khwajagan
Khwājagān (shortened/singular forms: Khwaja, Khaja(h), Khawaja or khuwaja) is a Persian title for ''"the Masters"''. Khwajagan, as the plural for "Khwāja", is often used to refer to a network of Sufis in Central Asia from the 10th to the 16th century who are often incorporated into later Naqshbandi hierarchies, as well as other Sufi groups, such as the Yasaviyya. In Firdowsi's Shahnama the word is used many times for some rulers and heroes of ancient Iran as well. The special zikr of the Khwajagan is called 'Khatm Khajagan'. Interest in the Khwajagan was revived in the 20th century with the publication in Turkey of ''Hacegan Hanedanı'', by Hasan Lütfi Şuşud, Istanbul, 1958. His sources included: * Reşahat Ayn el-Hayat, compiled by Mevlana Ali Bin Huseyin Safi, A.H. 993. * Nefahat el-Uns min Hazerat el-Kuds, by Nuraddin Abdurrahman Jami, A.H. 881. * Risale-i Bahaiyye, by Rif'at Bey. * Semerat el-Fuad, by Sari Abdullah. * Enis ut-Talibin wa Iddet us-Salikin Makamat-i Muha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Godolphin Bennett
John Godolphin Bennett (8 June 1897 – 13 December 1974) was a British academic and author. He is best known for his books on psychology and spirituality, particularly on the teachings of G. I. Gurdjieff. Bennett met Gurdjieff in Istanbul in October 1920 and later helped to co-ordinate the work of Gurdjieff in England after the guru had moved to Paris. He also was active in starting the British section of the Subud movement, and co-founded its British headquarters. Bennett was born in London, England; educated at King's College School, London; Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; School of Military Engineering, Chatham; and the School of Oriental Studies, London. He was a Fellow of the Institute of Fuel, London, from 1938 onwards; Chairman, Conference of Research Associations, 1943–1945; Chairman, Solid Fuel Industry, British Standards Institution, 1937–1942; Chairman and Director, Institute for the comparative study of History, Philosophy, and the Sciences, Kingston upon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayyid Mir Jan
Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Jan Shah Saheb ibn Hasan Kabuli-Naqshbandi al Hasani wal-Husseini ( ar, سيد مير جان شاه صاحب ابن حسن كابلى-نقشبندى) (born in Kabul, Afghanistan in year 1800, died in year 1901 in Lahore) is a Sunni Sufi saint from Kabul. Ancestry Sayyid Mir Jan was a Sayyid (a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah and his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib), both maternally and paternally. Among his paternal ancestors were seven of the Twelve Imams, and among his maternal ancestors were eleven of the Twelve Imams and Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband, Sayyid Alauddin Atar, and Khwaja Khawand Mahmud (also known as Hazrat Ishaan). After the Battle of Karbala, the Ahl al-Bayt went back to Medina. From there Musa al Kazim was forced to go to Iraq. One of the descendants of Musa al-Kazim was called Khwaja Sayyid Mir Ismail Muhammad Hakim. One son of Khwaja Sayyid Mir ismail Muhammad Hakim was Khwaja Sayyid Mir Latif, an ancestor of Sayyid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarmoung Brotherhood
The Sarmoung Brotherhood was an alleged esoteric Sufi brotherhood based in Asia. The reputed existence of the brotherhood was brought to light in the writings of George Gurdjieff, a Greek-Armenian spiritual teacher. Some contemporary Sufi-related sources also claim to have made contact with the group although the earliest and primary source is Gurdjieff himself, leading most scholars to conclude the group was fictional. Name According to the author John G. Bennett, a student and aide of George Gurdjieff who first mentioned the concept, the word ''sarmoung'' uses the Armenian pronunciation of the Persian term ''sarman'', which may mean either "he who preserves the doctrine of Zoroaster" or " bee".Bennett, John G., ''Gurdjieff: Making of A New World'', pp 56-57, Bennett Pub. Co., 1992. . Regarding the meaning, Bennett writes: "The word can be interpreted in three ways. It is the word for bee, which has always been a symbol of those who collect the precious 'honey' of traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani
Abdul Khaliq Ghijduvani (died 1179) was one of a group of Central Asian Sufi teachers known simply as Khwajagan (the Masters) of the Naqshbandi order. Abdul Khaliq was born in the small town of Ghijduvan, near Bukhara. His father had migrated to Central Asia from Malatya, in eastern Anatolia where he had been a prominent faqih. While Abdul Khaliq was studying tafsir in Bukhara he first had an awakening of interest in the path. He received further training at the hands of Yusuf Hamdani, and was the next link in the Naqshbandi silsila following him. The way Abdul Khaliq taught became known as the way of the Khojas - teachers.Schimmel, Annemarie. Mystical dimensions of Islam. Univ of North Carolina Press, 1975. p.364 Abdul Khaliq bequeathed to subsequent generations of the Naqshbandi silsila a series of principles governing their Sufi practice, concisely formulated in Persian and known collectively as "the Sacred Words" (''kalimat-i qudsiya''), or the "Rules" or "Secrets" of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yusuf Hamdani
Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf al-Hamadānī, best simply known as Yusuf Hamadani (born 1048 or 1049 / 440 AH - died 1140 / 535 AH), was a Persian figure of the Middle Ages. He was the first of the group of Central Asian Sufi teachers known simply as ''Khwajagan'' (the Masters) of the Naqshbandi order. His shrine is at Merv, Turkmenistan. Life Born in Buzanjird near Hamadan in 1062, he moved to Baghdad when he was eighteen years of age. He studied the Shafi'i school of fiqh under the supervision of the master of his time, Shaykh Ibrahim ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Fairuzabadi. He kept association in Baghdad with the great scholar, Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi, who gave him greater deference than to any of his other students although he was the youngest. But he was a Hanafi Maturidi unlike his teachers. According to Ibn Khallikan, he began his religious career with the cultivation of the religious sciences, becoming both a respected scholar of hadith and fiqh and a popular preacher in Baghdad. He was so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jami
Nūr ad-Dīn 'Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī ( fa, نورالدین عبدالرحمن جامی; 7 November 1414 – 9 November 1492), also known as Mawlanā Nūr al-Dīn 'Abd al-Rahmān or Abd-Al-Rahmān Nur-Al-Din Muhammad Dashti, or simply as Jami or Djāmī and in Turkey as Molla Cami, was a Persian Sunni poet who is known for his achievements as a prolific scholar and writer of mystical Sufi literature. He was primarily a prominent poet-theologian of the school of Ibn Arabi and a Khwājagānī Sũfī, recognized for his eloquence and for his analysis of the metaphysics of mercy. His most famous poetic works are ''Haft Awrang, Tuhfat al-Ahrar, Layla wa Majnun, Fatihat al-Shabab, Lawa'ih, Al-Durrah al-Fakhirah.'' Jami belonged to the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Biography Jami was born in Kharjerd, in Khorasan. Previously his father Nizām al-Dīn Ahmad b. Shams al-Dīn Muhammad had come from Dasht, a small town in the district of Isfahan. A few years after his birth, his family mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari
Baha' al-Din Naqshband ( fa, بهاءالدین محمد نقشبند; 1318–1389) was the eponymous founder of what would become one of the largest Sufi Sunni orders, the Naqshbandi. Background Baha al-Din was born in March 1318 in the village of Qasr-i Hinduvan, which was one ''farsakh'' from the city of Bukhara. Like the majority of the sedentary population of the region, Baha al-Din was a Tajik, i.e. a speaker of Persian and a participant in its culture. According to H. Algar / ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', the texts that claim Baha al-Din was descended from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through Ja'far al-Sadiq (died 765), should be "treated with reserve". Early texts do not mention Baha al-Din's supposed ancestry to Muhammad, but they do imply that his teacher Amir Kulal (died 1370) was a descendant of Muhammad through Ja'far al-Sadiq, which may suggest that their genealogies were later mixed up. On the other hand Annemarie Schimmel highlights the descent of Bahauddin from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi
Ahmad Yasawi ( kk, Қожа Ахмет Ясауи, Qoja Ahmet Iasaui, قوجا احمەت ياساۋٸ; fa, خواجه اَحمدِ یَسوی, Khwāje Ahmad-e Yasavī; 1093–1166) was a Turkic poet and Sufi, an early mystic who exerted a powerful influence on the development of Sufi orders throughout the Turkic-speaking world. Yasawi is the earliest known Turkic poet who composed poetry in Middle Turkic. He was a pioneer of popular mysticism, founded the first Turkic Sufi order, the ''Yasawiyya'' or ''Yeseviye'', which very quickly spread over Turkic-speaking areas. He was a Hanafi scholar like his ''murshid'' (spiritual guide), Yusuf Hamadani.The Foundation of the Presidency of Religious Affairs, ''TDV Encyclopedia of Islam'', Vol. 2pp. 159-161(in Turkish), İstanbul, 1989. Early life Ahmed Yesevi was born to Ibrahim in Sayram at the end of the 11th century. He lost his father at the age of seven and was then raised by . By then, Yasawi had already advanced through a se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Way
The Fourth Way is an approach to self-development developed by George Gurdjieff over years of travel in the East (c. 1890 – 1912). It combines and harmonizes what he saw as three established traditional "ways" or "schools": those of the body, the emotions, and the mind, or of fakirs, monks and yogis, respectively. Students often refer to the Fourth Way as "The Work", "Work on oneself", or "The System". The exact origins of some of Gurdjieff's teachings are unknown, but various sources have been suggested. The term "Fourth Way" was further used by his student P. D. Ouspensky in his lectures and writings. After Ouspensky's death, his students published a book entitled ''The Fourth Way'' based on his lectures. According to this system, the three traditional schools, or ways, "are permanent forms which have survived throughout history mostly unchanged, and are based on religion. Where schools of yogis, monks or fakirs exist, they are barely distinguishable from religious schools. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khawaja
Khawaja (Persian language, Persian: خواجه ''khvâjəh'') is an honorific title used across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central Asia, particularly towards Sufi teachers. It is also used by Kashmiri Muslims and the Mizrahi Jews—particularly Persian Jews and Baghdadi Jews. The word comes from the Iranian word ''khwāja'' (Classical Persian: ''khwāja''; Dari language, Dari ''khājah''; Tajik language, Tajik ''khoja''). In Persian language, Persian, the title roughly translates to 'Lord' or 'Master'. The Ottoman Turkish pronunciation of the Persian خواجه gave rise to ''hodja'' and its equivalents such as ''hoca'' in Turkish language, modern Turkish, ''hoxha'' in Albanian language, Albanian, ''xoca'' (''khoja'') in Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani, ''hodža'' in Bosnian language, Bosnian, ''χότζας'' (''chótzas'') in Greek language, Greek, ''hogea'' in Romanian language, Romanian, and ''хоџа'' in Serbian language, Serbian. Other spellings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwaja
Khawaja (Persian: خواجه ''khvâjəh'') is an honorific title used across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central Asia, particularly towards Sufi teachers. It is also used by Kashmiri Muslims and the Mizrahi Jews—particularly Persian Jews and Baghdadi Jews. The word comes from the Iranian word ''khwāja'' (Classical Persian: ''khwāja''; Dari ''khājah''; Tajik ''khoja''). In Persian, the title roughly translates to 'Lord' or 'Master'. The Ottoman Turkish pronunciation of the Persian خواجه gave rise to ''hodja'' and its equivalents such as ''hoca'' in modern Turkish, ''hoxha'' in Albanian, ''xoca'' (''khoja'') in Azerbaijani, ''hodža'' in Bosnian, ''χότζας'' (''chótzas'') in Greek, ''hogea'' in Romanian, and ''хоџа'' in Serbian. Other spellings include ''khaaja'' (Bengali) and ''koja'' ( Javanese). The name is also used in Egypt and Sudan to indicate a person with a foreign nationality or foreign heritage. Etymology Ultimately deri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khoja Akhmet Yassawi
Ahmad Yasawi ( kk, Қожа Ахмет Ясауи, Qoja Ahmet Iasaui, قوجا احمەت ياساۋٸ; fa, خواجه اَحمدِ یَسوی, Khwāje Ahmad-e Yasavī; 1093–1166) was a Turkic poet and Sufi, an early mystic who exerted a powerful influence on the development of Sufi orders throughout the Turkic-speaking world. Yasawi is the earliest known Turkic poet who composed poetry in Middle Turkic. He was a pioneer of popular mysticism, founded the first Turkic Sufi order, the ''Yasawiyya'' or ''Yeseviye'', which very quickly spread over Turkic-speaking areas. He was a Hanafi scholar like his ''murshid'' (spiritual guide), Yusuf Hamadani.The Foundation of the Presidency of Religious Affairs, ''TDV Encyclopedia of Islam'', Vol. 2pp. 159-161(in Turkish), İstanbul, 1989. Early life Ahmed Yesevi was born to Ibrahim in Sayram at the end of the 11th century. He lost his father at the age of seven and was then raised by . By then, Yasawi had already advanced through a se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
