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Kastner Train
The Kastner train consisted of 35 cattle wagons that left Budapest on 30 June 1944, during the German occupation of Hungary, carrying over 1,600 Jews temporarily to Bergen-Belsen and safety in Switzerland after large ransom paid by Swiss Orthodox Jew Yitzchak Sternbuch, Recha Sternbuch's husband.For 30 June, see Bauer (1994), p. 199; for the date and time (30 June, towards 11 pm), see Löb (2009), pp. 50, 97; for 35 cattle trucks, see p. 97. Porter (2007), p. 234, writes that the train left Budapest at half an hour after midnight on Saturday, 1 July. The number of passengers most often cited is 1,684. This was the number registered when the train arrived at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. The number on board when the train left Budapest is not known, because people jumped on and off while the train was in motion. The train was named after Rudolf Kastner (aka Kasztner), a Hungarian-Jewish lawyer and journalist, who was a founding member of the Budapest A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kastner Train Passengers From Bergen-Belsen To Switzerland, 1944
Kastner is a German language surname, originating from the medieval occupation Kastner ("bursary officer"). It may refer to: * Bruno Kastner (1890–1932), German actor * Daniel Kastner (born 1981), Austrian footballer *Daniel L. Kastner (fl. 2020), American researcher and physician * Elliott Kastner (1930–2010), American film producer * Jean-Georges Kastner (1810–1867), French composer and musicologist * John Kastner (born 1969), Canadian musician and composer * Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783–1857), chemist, natural scientist * Karl Kastner (died 1921) ** Kastner & Öhler, Austrian department store chain * Kas Kastner, racing driver, racing car builder, racing team manager * Marc A. Kastner (born 1945), American physicist * Peter Kastner (1943 – 2008), Canadian born actor * Rudolf Kastner (1906–1957), Jewish-Hungarian lawyer, head of the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee during the Holocaust ** Kastner train, after Rudolf Kastner * Sabin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War and was dissolved shortly after its defeat in the First World War. Austria-Hungary was ruled by the House of Habsburg and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg monarchy. It was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry in the world, after the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
István Irsai
István Irsai (later Pesach Ir-Shay, he, פסח ער-שי , b. 1896 – d. 1968) was a Hungarian-born Israeli architect and graphic designer. Early life István Irsai was born in 1896 in Budapest, Hungary. He learned how to play the violin as a child. He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. He subsequently studied architecture at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Adult life Irsai started his career as an architect and graphic designer in Budapest. He lived in Mandate Palestine from 1925 to 1929, when he designed the Hebrew font Haim. During that time, he also designed stage sets in theatres as well as houses in the Bauhaus architectural style. He returned to Hungary in 1929, where he worked as a graphic designer until 1944. Irsai was deported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1944, but he managed to escape on the Kastner train. He emigrated to Israel, where he was a graphic designer. He designed posters for Modiano and Tun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dezső Ernster
Dezső Ernster (23 November 1898 – 15 February 1981) was a Hungarian opera singer who sang leading bass roles with the New York Metropolitan Opera from 1946 to 1963. In 1929, he created the role of Baron d'Houdoux in Hindemith's ''Neues vom Tage''. Biography Dezső Ernster was born in Pécs, the son of a cantor, and studied in Budapest and Vienna. He made his debut in Plauen in eastern Germany, as Hermann in ''Tannhäuser'' in the 1924–1925 season. From 1929 he appeared at the Berlin State Opera and the Kroll Opera House, where in 1929 he sang in the world premiere of Paul Hindemith's ''Neues vom Tage'' conducted by Otto Klemperer. In 1931 he was engaged by Arturo Toscanini to sing in Bayreuth and appeared there as Ritter in ''Parsifal'', Reinmar in ''Tannhäuser'' and Steuermann in ''Tristan und Isolde''. With the Nazi rise to power in 1933, Ernster left Germany to live in Austria. In 1938 he went on tour in the United States with the Salzburg Opera Guild and stayed there fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léopold Szondi
Léopold Szondi ( hu, Szondi Lipót ; March 11, 1893 – January 24, 1986) was a Hungarian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, psychopathologist and Professor of psychology. Founder of the concept of fate analysis. He is known for the psychological tool that bears his name, the Szondi test. The achievements of the scientist are: The Szondi test, Fate analysis and Fate psychology. Biography Szondi was born in city of Nyitra (in present-day Slovakia) and raised in a German and Slovak-speaking Jewish family. The original name of the family was Sonnenschein. He was born as the twelfth child in his father's second marriage. The family moved to Budapest in 1898. His mother, who died very soon, was remembered by the family as an illiterate, unwholesome woman who had to be supervised by the elder siblings during her depressive periods. The father himself had a huge impact on Szondi, influencing his fate-analytical works to a great extent. These are his own words about his father: "My father ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béla Zsolt
Béla Zsolt (born as Béla Steiner, 8 January 1895 – 6 February 1949) was a Hungarian radical socialist journalist and politician. He wrote one of the earliest Holocaust memoirs, ''Nine Suitcases'' (''Kilenc koffer'' in Hungarian). Tibor Fischer has called it "Hungary's finest contribution to Holocaust writing", warning that it is "not for the squeamish". It has been translated into English by Ladislaus Löb. Early life Zsolt was born in 1895, in Komárom and died in Budapest. Before World War I and whilst still a young man, Zsolt was already considered an outstanding representative of the Hungarian Decadence movement. In the tumultuous years of revolution, 1918 and 1919, he was a vehement advocate for a bourgeois-liberal regime and opponent of the soviet republics and Horthy's emerging Christian-nationalist corporate state. In the intervening years between the wars, Zsolt gains recognition as a playwright, novelist and political journalist. He blamed "folksy populists . . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satmar (Hasidic Dynasty)
Satmar (Yiddish: סאַטמאַר, Hebrew: סאטמר) is a Hasidic group founded in 1905 by Grand Rebbe Joel Teitelbaum, in the city of Szatmárnémeti, Hungary (now Satu Mare in Romania). The group is an offshoot of the Sighet Hasidic dynasty. Following World War II, it was re-established in New York. Satmar is the largest Hasidic dynasty in the world, with some 26,000 households. It is characterized by extreme conservatism, complete rejection of modern culture, and fierce anti-Zionism. Satmar sponsors a comprehensive education and media system in Yiddish, and its members use Yiddish as a primary language. The sect also sponsors and leads the Central Rabbinical Congress, which serves as an umbrella organization for other very conservative, anti-Zionist, and mostly Hungarian-descended ultra-Orthodox communities. After Joel Teitelbaum's death in 1979, he was succeeded by his nephew, Moshe Teitelbaum. Since the latter's death in 2006, the dynasty is split between his two sons, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joel Teitelbaum
Joel Teitelbaum ( yi, יואל טייטלבוים, translit=Yoyl Teytlboym, ; 13 January 1887 – 19 August 1979) was the founder and first Grand Rebbe of the Satmar dynasty. A major figure in the post-war renaissance of Hasidism, he espoused a strictly conservative and isolationist line, rejecting modernity. Teitelbaum was a fierce opponent of Zionism, which he decried as inherently heretical. His role as a Jewish community leader in Transylvania during the Holocaust remains controversial. Biography Early life Teitelbaum was born on January 13, 1887. He was the second son of Grand Rabbi of Sighet, Chananyah Yom Tov Lipa Teitelbaum, and his second wife, Chana Ashkenazi. The couple married in 1878, after receiving a special dispensation for him to take a second wife, as his first wife, Reitze – daughter of Rebbe Menashe Rubin of Ropshitz – was unable to bear children. Joel was the youngest child; he had four older siblings. The rabbis of the Teitelbaum family were k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladislaus Löb
Ladislaus Löb (8 May 1933 – 2 October 2021) was a writer, translator, Holocaust survivor, scholar of the literature and drama of the German Enlightenment and Professor Emeritus of German at the University of Sussex in England. He was the author of ''From Lessing to Hauptmann: Studies in German Drama'' (1974); a monograph, in German, on the nineteenth-century dramatist ''Christian Dietrich Grabbe'' (1996); and ''Dealing with Satan: Rezső Kasztner's Daring Rescue Mission'' (2008), in which he recounts his experiences an 11-year old boy sent to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and freed as the result of a controversial deal that Rezső Kasztner (aka Rudolf Kastner) brokered with Adolf Eichmann. Early life Löb was born in Cluj ( hu, Kolozsvár), northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Romania, the only child of Izsó, a businessman, and Jolán (née Rosenberg), who died of tuberculosis in 1942. He was raised in Marghita, a small town of 8,600 residents, 150 km northwest of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kastner Train List
Kastner is a German language surname, originating from the medieval occupation Kastner ("bursary officer"). It may refer to: * Bruno Kastner (1890–1932), German actor * Daniel Kastner (born 1981), Austrian footballer *Daniel L. Kastner (fl. 2020), American researcher and physician * Elliott Kastner (1930–2010), American film producer * Jean-Georges Kastner (1810–1867), French composer and musicologist * John Kastner (born 1969), Canadian musician and composer * Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783–1857), chemist, natural scientist * Karl Kastner (died 1921) ** Kastner & Öhler, Austrian department store chain * Kas Kastner, racing driver, racing car builder, racing team manager * Marc A. Kastner (born 1945), American physicist * Peter Kastner (1943 – 2008), Canadian born actor * Rudolf Kastner (1906–1957), Jewish-Hungarian lawyer, head of the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee during the Holocaust ** Kastner train, after Rudolf Kastner * Sabin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair ( he, הַשׁוֹמֵר הַצָעִיר, , ''The Young Guard'') is a Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary, and it was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 Mandatory Palestine (see Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party). Hashomer Hatzair, along with HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed of Israel, is a member of the International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International. Early formation Hashomer Hatzair came into being as a result of the merger of two groups, '' Hashomer'' ("The Guard") a Zionist scouting group, and ''Ze'irei Zion'' ("The Youth of Zion") which was an ideological circle that studied Zionism, socialism and Jewish history. Hashomer Hatzair is the oldest Zionist youth movement still in existence. Initially Marxist-Zionist, the movement was influenced by the ideas of Ber Borochov and Gustav Wyneken as well as Baden-Powell and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottó Komoly
Ottó Komoly (also known as Nathan Kohn) (26 March 1892 – 1 January 1945) was a Hungarian Jewish engineer, officer, Zionist, and humanitarian leader in Hungary. He is credited with saving thousands of children during the German occupation of Budapest in World War II. Early career Educated as an engineer, Komoly was drafted in the Hungarian Army in World War I. He obtained the rank of Lieutenant, was injured in action and subsequently decorated. After the war, his military honors gave him credibility and a high status in the Hungarian society. Thus, he was excluded from most of the prosecution that other Jews suffered in the buildup to World War II. His family was considering emigration to Palestine in 1939, but he decided to stay in Hungary to help local Jews escape persecution by using his status and influence. Political and Rescue activities Komoly became the Chairman of the Zionist Federation in Hungary, where his father was previously the chairman. Together ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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