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Kartu Languages
The Kartu languages is a group of Indigenous Australian languages spoken in the Murchison and Gascoyne regions of Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to .... They are thought to be closely related and to form a low-level genealogical group. The languages usually considered to be members of the Kartu group are, from north to south: * Yinggarda * Malgana *? Nhanda (possibly also Nhanhagardi) * Wajarri * Badimaya The inclusion of Nhanda is dubious. It was excluded in Bowern & Koch (2004),Bowern & Koch (2004) ''Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method'' but retained in Bowern (2011).Bowern, Claire. 2011. How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?' Thaagurda was apparently also a Kartu language. The name ''kartu'' comes fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of . It is the second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. the state has 2.76 million inhabitants percent of the national total. The vast majority (92 percent) live in the south-west corner; 79 percent of the population lives in the Perth area, leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated. The first Europeans to visit Western Australia belonged to the Dutch Dirk Hartog expedition, who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616. The first permanent European colony of Western Australia occurred following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it derived from the two end-points of the range: the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for "man" is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for "man" is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are occasionally referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. The vast majority of languages, either due to disease or elimination of their speakers, have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Australians
Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples of the Australian mainland and Tasmania, and the Torres Strait Islander peoples from the seas between Queensland and Papua New Guinea. The term Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples or the person's specific cultural group, is often preferred, though the terms First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia and First Australians are also increasingly common; 812,728 people self-identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin in the 2021 Australian Census, representing 3.2% of the total population of Australia. Of these indigenous Australians, 91.4% identified as Aboriginal; 4.2% identified as Torres Strait Islander; while 4.4% identified with both groups. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murchison (Western Australia)
The Murchison is an interim Australian bioregion located within the Mid West of Western Australia. The bioregion is loosely related to the catchment area of the Murchison River and has an area of . Traditionally the region is known as ''The Murchison''. Geography The landscape is characterised by low hills and mesas, separated by colluvium flats and alluvial plains. The western portion of the bioregion is drained by the upper Murchison and Wooramel rivers, which drain westwards towards the coast.Anthony Desmond, Mark Cowan and Alanna Chant (2001). "Murchison 2 (MUR2 – Western Murchison subregion)", in ''A Biodiversity Audit of Western Australia’s 53 Biogeographical Subregions in 2002''. The Department of Conservation and Land Management, Government of Western Australia, November 2001/ref> Together with Gascoyne bioregion, it constitutes the Western Australian mulga shrublands ecoregion. Population is scattered; the largest population centres are Meekatharra, Mount ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gascoyne Region Of Western Australia
The Gascoyne region is one of the nine administrative regions of Western Australia. It is located in the northwest of Western Australia, and consists of the local government areas of Carnarvon, Exmouth, Shark Bay and Upper Gascoyne. The Gascoyne has about of Indian Ocean coastline; extends inland about ; and has an area of , Estimated resident population, 30 June 2019. including islands. Population The Gascoyne has the lowest population of any region of Western Australia, with about 9,277 people. The majority of residents are non-Aboriginal people born in Australia (74%). Just over half live in Carnarvon (4,426) where Aboriginal residents account for 18% of the population. Other centres are Exmouth, Denham, Gascoyne Junction and Coral Bay. Climate The Gascoyne has a moderate arid tropical, climate. It is generally warm all year round, with mean maximum daily temperatures ranging from in July to in January. The region receives about 320 days of sunshine per year. Annua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yinggarda Language
The Yinggarda language (also written Yingkarta and Inggarda) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is an endangered language, but efforts at language revival are being made. Name "Yinggarda" has been spelt in a number of ways, some linguists (including Dench) writing it as "Yingkarta". Classification It is one of the Kartu languages of the Pama–Nyungan family. The ''Ethnologue'' equates Yinggarda with Pulinya but it is unclear what the basis is for this connection as Wilfrid Douglas, who recorded the name 'Pulinya,' described it as a name for the old Geraldton language. Unattested Maya (Maia) is reported to have been "like" Yinggarda and may have been a dialect. Phonology Consonants * /ɾ/ can be heard as a trill when preceding consonants, and can also be heard as a glide ¹when in intervocalic position. * Stops /k, t̪, ʈ/ are heard as £, ð, ɽwhen in intervocalic position. Vowels Region Yinggarda country is around Carnarvon, on the central western coa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malgana Language
Malgana is the Aboriginal Australian language of the Malgana people. It is one of the Kartu languages of the Pama–Nyungan family of languages. Malgana country is the area around Shark Bay in Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th .... In particular it includes the Peron and Edel Land Peninsulas as well as some of the adjoining land. The Irra Wangga Language Centre (having taken over from the Yamaji Language Centre) has been carrying out work on the Malgana language since 1995 and has produced an illustrated wordlist as well as grammatical materials and a dictionary (the latter two unpublished). 'Buluguda', 'Damala', and 'Watjanti' were likely Malgana-speaking locations or social groupings, rather than dialects. References Kartu languages Exti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nhanda Language
Nhanda, also rendered Nanda, Nhanta and Nhandi, is an Australian Aboriginal language from the Midwest region of Western Australia, between Geraldton and the Murchison River, from the coast to about inland. The language is now spoken, or semi-spoken, by only a few people. The AIATSIS Austlang database says: "According to ulietteBlevins (2001:3) three dialects of Nhanda can be identified: Nhanda, the northernmost dialect, Watchandi W13, the central dialect, and Amangu W12, the southern dialect. Thus Nhanda is both a language name and a dialect name". No speakers are listed in successive tallies since 1975, but the Irra Wangga Language Centre (formerly Yamaji Language Centre) has been working on its revival, originally led by Blevins. Nanakarti was apparently a distinct language. While Nhanda is usually considered a member of the Kartu branch of the Pama–Nyungan family, distinctive features of Nhanda, relative to neighbouring languages have caused some linguists to qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nhanhagardi Language
The Nhanhagardi language, also written Nana karti, Nanakarti, Nanakarri, Nanakari, and Nanakati, and also known as Wilunyu, Wiri, Minangu, Barimaia and Jaburu (meaning "northern peoples"), is an Aboriginal Australian language of the Champion Bay area of Western Australia. No speakers of the language have been recorded since 1975 and through successive Australian censuses up to 2016. According to Vaso Elefsiniotis of the Irra Wangga Language Centre, Nhanhagardi usually refers to the traditional language and people of Champion Bay. There was some doubt about its existence and classification, but , its status is confirmed on AIATSIS. According to Clarrie Cameron, who is of Nhanhagardi descent, "Pulinya" (AIATSIS W43) is an old name for Nhanhagardi, but '' Ethnologue'' equates it with the Yinggarda language. Cameron also says that Nhanhagardi is a Nhanda (S14) language. Language revival , "Wilunyu (also known as Nhanhagardi)" is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wajarri Language
Wajarri is an endangered Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Kartu languages of the Pama–Nyungan family. Geographic distribution Wajarri country is inland from Geraldton, and extends as far south and west as Mullewa, north to Gascoyne Junction and east to Meekatharra. History and current status The Yamaji Language Centre carried out work on Wajarri throughout the 1990s, producing an illustrated wordlist and various other items. Since July 2005, the Irra Wangga–Geraldton Language Programme has continued work on the Wajarri language, producing publications including a print dictionary and a dictionary app, working with schools involved in the teaching of the language, and holding weekly community language classes (). In 2008 Wajarri became the first Australian Aboriginal language available at senior secondary level (TEE) in the state of Western Australia. People who are Wajarri speakers, or who are descended primarily from Wajarri speakers, also refer to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badimaya Language
Badimaya (sometimes written Badimia) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is a member of the Kartu subgroup of the Pama–Nyungan family, spoken by the Badimaya people of the Mid West region of Western Australia. Badimaya is a critically endangered language, spoken by only a handful of elderly Aboriginal people, all of whom are over 65 years of age. However, there is a passionate movement of language revival underway in the Badimaya community. Geographic distribution Badimaya was traditionally spoken across a large region spanning Lake Moore, Ninghan Station, Paynes Find and Dalwallinu in the south, to Mount Magnet, Wynyangoo Station and Kirkalocka Station in the north. Today Badimaya people live across the Mid West region, based in regional towns and communities including Mount Magnet, Geraldton, Yalgoo, Mullewa, Meekatharra, Wubin, Dalwallinu and Perth. Traditional Badimaya country is bordered by Western Desert language (Tjuparn, Wanmala) to the east, Noo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thaagurda Language
Thaagurda (sometimes written Daguda) is an Australian Aboriginal language in the Mid West region of Western Australia. It is a member of the Kartu subgroup of the Pama–Nyungan family. According to Marmion (1996) the language has no speakers or individuals who identify with this group as their ethnicity, and there were only a few elderly people who recalled the name and some sentences from the language. This information was however sufficient to indicate that Thaagurda was likely a distinct language from its neighbours Nhanda, Malgana and Wajarri The Wajarri people, also spelt Wadjari, Wadjarri, Watjarri, and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands are in the Mid West region of Western Australia. Boolardy Station, along with the tiny settlement of .... Sources *Marmion, Douglas. 1996. ''A description of the morphology of Wajarri''. Unpublished Hons. thesis, University of New England. {{Pama–Nyungan languages, West Kartu langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
