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Kaplan–Sheinwold
The Kaplan–Sheinwold (or "K-S") bidding system was developed and popularized by Edgar Kaplan and Alfred Sheinwold during their partnership, which flourished during the 1950s and 1960s. K-S is one of many natural systems. The system was definitively described in their 1958 book ''How to Play Winning Bridge'' and later revised and retitled to ''The Kaplan-Sheinwold System of Winning Bridge'' in 1963. Kaplan–Sheinwold and the Roth-Stone system were the two most influential challengers to Standard American bidding in the US in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Although K-S is not frequently played in its original form in the 21st century, many of its features (though not the 12–14 point 1NT opening) survive in the popular 2/1 Game Forcing system. Additionally, a few elements of Kaplan–Sheinwold (notably Five-Card Majors) have become accepted as part of Standard American practice. Among modern experts, Chip Martel and Lew Stansby play a system closely modeled on K-S, with load ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Sheinwold
Alfred (Freddy) Sheinwold (January 26, 1912 – March 8, 1997) was an American bridge player, administrator, international team captain, and prolific writer. He and Edgar Kaplan developed the Kaplan–Sheinwold bidding system. Among other administrative assignments that he accepted, Sheinwold chaired the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) National Laws Commission from 1964 to 1975, and the ACBL Appeals Committee from 1966 to 1970. He was an editor of ''The Bridge World'' monthly magazine from 1934 to 1963 and was the editor of the monthly ACBL members' ''Bridge Bulletin'' from 1952 to 1958. Upon his death early in 1997, the ''New York Times'' bridge columnist Alan Truscott called Sheinwold "the Grand Old Man of Bridge" and observed that he was the last of "the founders of contract bridge". Early years Sheinwold was born in London, England, and emigrated to the United States as age 9. He was a bridge expert when he graduated from City College of New York in 1933, and was then " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgar Kaplan
Edgar Kaplan (April 18, 1925 – September 7, 1997) was an American bridge player and one of the principal contributors to the game. His career spanned six decades and covered every aspect of bridge. He was a teacher, author, editor, administrator, champion player, theorist, expert Vugraph commentator, coach/captain and authority on the laws of the game. He was the editor and publisher of ''The Bridge World'' magazine for more than 30 years (1967–1997). With Alfred Sheinwold he developed the Kaplan–Sheinwold bidding system. He was from New York City. Career As a player, Kaplan won 25 North American Bridge Championships (NABC) and was a Grand Life Master; at his death, he had accumulated 13,974 ACBL masterpoints. In 1957, Kaplan won the McKenney Trophy (now called the Barry Crane Top 500) for most masterpoints won during the year. He was twice runner-up in the world championships: the Bermuda Bowl (1967) and the World Team Olympiad (1968). Both final session losses were to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bidding System
A bidding system in contract bridge is the set of agreements and understandings assigned to calls and sequences of calls used by a partnership, and includes a full description of the meaning of each treatment and convention. The purpose of bidding is for each partnership to ascertain which contract, whether made or defeated and whether bid by them or by their opponents, would give the partnership their best scoring result. Each bidding system ascribes a meaning to every possible call by each member of a partnership, and presents a codified language which allows the players to exchange information about their card holdings. The vocabulary of is limited to 38 different calls - 35 level/denomination ''bids''A bid consists of two components — the level in range of 1-7, and one of five denominations: clubs (), diamonds (), hearts (), spades () and notrump (NT) plus ''pass'', ''double'' and ''redouble''. Any bid becomes a contract if followed by three successive passes, therefore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Card Points
In contract bridge, various bidding systems have been devised to enable partners to describe their hands to each other so that they may reach the optimum contract. Key to this process is that players evaluate and re-evaluate the trick-taking potential of their hands as the auction proceeds and additional information about partner's hand and the opponent's hands becomes available. Hand evaluation methods assess various features of a hand, including: its high card strength, shape or suit , , fit with partner, quality of suits and quality of the whole hand. The methods range from basic to complex, requiring partners to have the same understandings and agreements about their application in their bidding system. Basic point-count system Most bidding systems use a basic point-count system for hand evaluation using a combination of high card points and distributional points, as follows. High card points First published in 1915 by Bryant McCampbell in ''Auction Tactics'' (page 26), the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Official Encyclopedia Of Bridge
''The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge'' (OEB) presents comprehensive information on the card game contract bridge with limited information on related games and on playing cards. It is "official" in reference to the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) which authorized its production and whose staff prepared and/or supervised its various editions. The first edition of the ''Encyclopedia'' was published in 1964 with Richard Frey as Editor-in-Chief; it was the only one with an edition revised for an overseas market (''The Bridge Players' Encyclopedia'', 1967). The seventh and latest edition was published in 2011 following intermediate editions in 1971, 1976, 1984, 1994 and 2001. The Executive Editor for the first six was Alan Truscott, bridge editor of ''The New York Times''. For the fourth through sixth editions, Henry Francis succeeded Frey as Editor-in-Chief. Frey and Francis were also successive editors of the ACBL monthly membership magazine. Numerous contributing editors to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overcall
In contract bridge, an overcall is a bid made after an opening bid has been made by an opponent; the term refers only to the first such bid. A ''direct'' overcall is such a bid made by the player seated immediately to the left of the opener, i.e. next in the bidding rotation; an overcall in the 'last seat', i.e. by the player to the right of opener, which is made after two intervening passes, is referred to as a '' balancing'' or ''protective'' overcall. Objectives The overcaller has one or more of the following objectives: *To secure the contract *To suggest a good lead from partner *To induce the opponents to a higher-level contract *To find an effective sacrifice *To hinder the opponents in their bidding Suit overcalls In most bidding systems, an overcall in an unbid suit is natural, denoting length and strength in the suit bid. The common requirements include: * A good five-card or any longer suit; the features that qualify a suit as 'good' are subject to partnership agreem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strong Two Clubs
Bridge bidding systems that incorporate a strong 2 clubs opening bid include modern Standard American, standard Acol, 2/1 game forcing and many others. In most natural bridge bidding systems, the opening bid of 2 is used exclusively for hands too strong for an opening bid at the one-level. Typically, the bid is reserved for hands that are almost strong enough to bid to the game level on their own power, or even stronger. The exact requirements for the bid vary considerably depending upon the system used and partnership agreement. In most early bidding systems, opening bids of two of a suit signified a very strong hand and were referred to as strong two bids. However, pioneer bridge inventors like Pierre Albarran and David Burnstine saw that the frequency of such bids is fairly low, and that a 2 bid can be used for all strong hands, leaving other two-level opening bids for other purposes (for example, weak two bids). Bid requirements The strength requirements for the 2 bid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weak Two Bid
The weak two bid is a common used in the game of contract bridge, where an opening bid of two diamonds, hearts or spades signifies a weak hand, typically containing a long suit. It may be deployed within any system structure that offers a forcing artificial opening to handle hands of (eg) 20+ points, or an expectation of 8 or more tricks. It is form of preemptive bid. The strong call releases any remaining two level openings for pre-empting your opponents. In North America it is commonly used in combination with the strong two clubs convention. Worldwide there are many other variants, the commonest being a strong one club. “Weak Two” refers specifically to an opening bid, not to be confused with the "weak jump overcall". That denotes a similar hand type, made over an opponent's opening bid. Effectiveness 2S is most powerful in terms of pre-emption against your opponents. 2H is less so, easily defended by either a take out double or a 2S overcall. Paradoxically the 2D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Kay (bridge Player)
Norman Kay (August 11, 1927 – January 17, 2002) was an American bridge player. He partnered Sidney Silodor until Silodor's death in 1963. With Edgar Kaplan, Kay formed one of the most successful and longest-lasting partnerships in organized bridge. It spanned more than 40 years, and ended with Kaplan's death in 1997. He was from Narberth, Pennsylvania. In 1955, Kay won the McKenney Trophy (now the Barry Crane Top 500) for earning the greatest number of masterpoints in American Contract Bridge League-sanctioned play during the year. Kay won 13 major North American Bridge Championships (NABC) in the period of 1957–1977, when he was named ACBL's top performance player. He was runner-up in the Bermuda Bowl twice (1961 and 1967), and was second (1968) and third (1960) in the World Team Olympiad. He was a World Bridge Federation World Life Master and an ACBL Grand Life Master. Kay was arguably the greatest bridge player who never became a world champion. He was known for both the rem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacoby Transfers
The Jacoby transfer, or simply transfers, in the card game contract bridge, is a convention in most bridge bidding systems initiated by responder following partner's notrump opening bid that forces opener to rebid in the just above that bid by responder. For example, a response in diamonds forces a rebid in hearts and a response in hearts forces a rebid in spades. Transfers are used to show a long suit, usually a major, and to ensure that opener the hand if the final contract is in the suit transferred to, preventing the opponents from seeing the cards of the stronger hand. The use of the 2 and 2 (and often 2) responses to an opening 1NT bid as transfers is one of the most widely employed conventions in the game. Less commonly, partnerships may agree to use transfer-style bids in a variety of other situations. History and purpose First described in a series of articles by Olle Willner of Sweden in ''Bridge Tidningen'' in the early 1950s, transfers were popularized for English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marshall Miles
Marshall Lauren MilesState of California ( CA Birth Index). AFamily Tree Legends Retrieved 2009-07-02. (December 16, 1926 – February 5, 2013) was an American bridge player, teacher and writer. Bridge career Miles learned to play bridge largely from columns in the back issues of daily newspapers at a local public library. Miles' crowning achievement was winning the World Senior Teams Olympiad in Istanbul in 2004."Age No Barrier to New Champion". Daily Bulletin of the 12th World Bridge Olympiad, issue #10Reprintat BridgeToday.com. Retrieved 2014-12-04. He won various other tournaments and titles throughout his bridge career, including the Fishbein Trophy and the Life Master Pairs in 1961, as well as the Spingold in that same year and the next. He won the Reisinger in 1962 and 1965 and placed second in the Men's Pairs twice as well as in the Vanderbilt and Fall National Open Pairs. Miles was an American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) Grand Life Master with more than 17,500 maste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schenken System
Schenken is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Howard Schenken (1903–1979), American bridge player *Tim Schenken Timothy Theodore Schenken (born 26 September 1943) is a former racing driver from Sydney, Australia. He participated in 36 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 16 August 1970. He achieved one career podium at the 1971 Austr ... (born 1943), Australian race car driver See also * Schenke {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |