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Kanpō
was a , also known as Kampō, after ''Genbun'' and before '' Enkyō.'' This period spanned the years from February 1741 through February 1744. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1741 : Based on the belief in Chinese astrology that the 58th year of the sexagenary cycle brings changes, the era name was changed to ''Kanpō'' (meaning "Keeping Lenient and Generous"). The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Genbun'' 6, on the 27th day of the 2nd month. Events of the ''Kanpō'' era * 1742 (''Kanpō 2''): A comet was seen in the sky.Titsingh, p. 418. * 1742 (''Kanpō 2, 8th month''): Persistent heavy rains create floods throughout the country, with noteworthy devastation in Musashi province, Kōzuke province, Shimotsuke province, and Shinano province. In Heian-kyō, the Sanjo Bridge is washed away in this destructive storm cycle. * 1743 (''Kanpō 3, 11th month''): A comet was sighted in the night sky; and this comet is likely to have been what is today identifie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C/1743 X1
The Great Comet of 1744, whose official designation is C/1743 X1, and which is also known as Comet de Chéseaux or Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux, was a spectacular comet that was observed during 1743 and 1744. It was discovered independently in late November 1743 by Jan de Munck, in the second week of December by Dirk Klinkenberg, and, four days later, by Jean-Philippe de Chéseaux. It became visible with the naked eye for several months in 1744 and displayed dramatic and unusual effects in the sky. Its absolute magnitude — or intrinsic brightness — of 0.5 was the sixth highest in recorded history.Kidger, M. Comet Hale-Bopp Light Curve', NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, accessed 17-11-08 Its apparent magnitude may have reached as high as -7, leading it to be classified as a Great Comet. This comet is noted especially for developing a 'fan' of six tails after reaching its perihelion. Discovery The comet was discovered on November 29, 1743, by Jan de Munck at Middelburg, and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Sakuramachi Of Japan
was the 115th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 桜町天皇 (115)/ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', p. 119. Sakuramachi's birth name was Teruhito before he became enthroned as Emperor in 1735, a reign that would last until 1747 with his retirement. As with previous Emperors during the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate had control over Japan. The Emperor's role was a religious figure who performed limited duties. This changed when Sakuramachi was granted permission from the ''Shōgun'' to restore some Imperial rites. Ceremonies such as the Harvest Festival that had previously been absent for over 250 years were now allowed. Sakuramachi had one wife and a concubine with whom he fathered 4 children. His first son would go on to become Emperor Momozono, while his second daughter would later be Empress Go-Sakuramachi. Sakuramachi died on 28 May 1750, which was almost three y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Eras
The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal "" meaning "year". Era names originated in 140 BCE in China, during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. As elsewhere in East Asia, the use of era names was originally derived from Chinese imperial practice, although the Japanese system is independent of the Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese era-naming systems. Unlike these other similar systems, Japanese era names are still in use. Government offices usually require era names and years for official papers. The five era names used since the end of the Edo period in 1868 can be abbreviated by taking the first letter of their romanized names. For example, S55 means Shōwa 55 (i.e. 1980), and H22 stands for Heisei 22 (2010). At 62 years and 2 weeks, Shōwa is the longest era to date. The c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genbun
was a after '' Kyōhō'' and before ''Kanpō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1736 through February 1741. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1736 : To mark the enthronement of Sakuramachi, the era was changed to ''Genbun'' (meaning "Original civility"). The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Kyōhō'' 21, on the 21st day of the 4th month. Events of the ''Genbun'' era * 1736 (''Genbun 1''): The shogunate published an edict declaring that henceforth, the sole, authorized coinage in the empire would be those copper coins which were marked on the obverse with the character 文 (pronounced ''bun'' in Japanese or pronounced ''wen'' in Chinese—which is to say, the same character which is found in this era name of ''Genbun'').Titsingh p. 418./ref> * 1737 (''Genbun 2, 11th month''): A comet is noticed in the western part of the sky. * 1738 (''Genbun 3''): Esoteric Shinto rituals were performed by the emperor. * 1739 (''Genbun 4''): Some foundrymen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enkyō (Edo Period)
was a after ''Kanpō'' and before ''Kan'en.'' This period spanned the years from February 1744 through July 1748. The reigning emperors were and .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834)''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 417-418./ref> Change of era * 1744 : The new era of ''Enkyō'' (meaning "Becoming Prolonged") was created to mark the start of a new 60-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kampō 4'', on the Events of ''Enkyō'' era * 1744 (''Enkyō 1''): Great comet was visible in sky for many months; this comet is likely to have been what is today identified as C/1743 X1 (De Cheseaux).Zhuang, T. (1988). ''Acta Astronomica Sinica'', v29:2, p. 208. * 1745 (''Enkyō 2''): First establishment of a market fair in the capital was to be found at the temple of Hirano, in the Ōmi province. * 1746 (''Enkyō 3, 2nd month''): A great fire sweeps through Edo. Notes References * Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Ency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Era Name
The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal "" meaning "year". Era names originated in 140 BCE in China, during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. As elsewhere in East Asia, the use of era names was originally derived from Chinese imperial practice, although the Japanese system is independent of the Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese era-naming systems. Unlike these other similar systems, Japanese era names are still in use. Government offices usually require era names and years for official papers. The five era names used since the end of the Edo period in 1868 can be abbreviated by taking the first letter of their romanized names. For example, S55 means Shōwa 55 (i.e. 1980), and H22 stands for Heisei 22 (2010). At 62 years and 2 weeks, Shōwa is the longest era to date. The c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Diet Library
The is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to the United States Library of Congress. The National Diet Library (NDL) consists of two main facilities in Tokyo and Kyoto, and several other branch libraries throughout Japan. History The National Diet Library is the successor of three separate libraries: the library of the House of Peers, the library of the House of Representatives, both of which were established at the creation of Japan's Imperial Diet in 1890; and the Imperial Library, which had been established in 1872 under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education. The Diet's power in prewar Japan was limited, and its need for information was "correspondingly small". The original Diet libraries "never developed either the collections or the services which might have made t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nihon Odai Ichiran
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Titsingh
Isaac Titsingh FRS ( January 1745 – 2 February 1812) was a Dutch diplomat, historian, Japanologist, and merchant.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Isaak Titsingh" in . During a long career in East Asia, Titsingh was a senior official of the Dutch East India Company ( nl, Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)). He represented the European trading company in exclusive official contact with Tokugawa Japan, traveling to Edo twice for audiences with the shogun and other high bakufu officials. He was the Dutch and VOC governor general in Chinsura, Bengal.Stephen R. Platt, ''Imperial Twilight: the Opium War and the End of China's Last Golden Age'' (NY: Knopf, 2018), 166-73. Titsingh worked with his counterpart, Charles Cornwallis, who was governor general of the British East India Company. In 1795, Titsingh represented Dutch and VOC interests in China, where his reception at the court of the Qing Qianlong Emperor stood in contrast to the rebuff suffered by British diplomat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RoutledgeCurzon
Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, and social science. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 70,000 titles. Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences. In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and imprint of its former rival, Taylor & Francis Group (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from Cinven, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million. Following the merger of Informa and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing" division. Routledge is headquartered in the main T&F office in Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timon Screech
Timon Screech (born 28 September 1961 in Birmingham) was professor of the history of art at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London from 1991 - 2021, when he left the UK in protest over Brexit. He is now a professor at the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (Nichibunken) in Kyoto. Screech is a specialist in the art and culture of early modern Japan. In 1985, Screech received a BA in Oriental Studies (Japanese) at the University of Oxford. In 1991, he completed his PhD in art history at Harvard University. As well as his permanent posts, he has been visiting professor at the University of Chicago, Heidelberg University, and Tokyo University of Foreign Studies and guest researcher at Gakushuin University and Waseda University in Japan, and at Yale, Berkeley and UCLA in the USA. His main current research project is related to the deification of the first Tokugawa shogun, Ieyasu, in 1616-17, and his cult as the Great Avatar. In July 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Ponsonby-Fane
Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane (8 January 1878 – 10 December 1937) was a British academic, author, specialist of Shinto and Japanologist. Early years Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby was born at Gravesend on the south bank of the Thames in Kent, England to John Henry and Florence Ponsonby. His boyhood was spent in the family home in London and at the Somerset country home, Brympton d'Evercy, of his grandfather, Spencer Ponsonby-Fane."A Biographical sketch of Dr. R. Ponsonby-Fane," ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines,'' p. 517. Ponsonby was educated at Harrow School. He added "Fane" to his own name when he inherited Brympton d'Evercy in 1916 after the deaths of both his grandfather and father. Career In 1896, Ponsonby traveled to Cape Town to serve as Private Secretary to the Governor of the British Cape Colony.Ponsonby-Fane, p. 518. For the next two decades, his career in the British Empire's colonial governments spanned the globe. He worked closely with a number of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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