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Kamal Jumblat
Kamal Fouad Jumblatt ( ar, كمال فؤاد جنبلاط; 6 December 1917 – 16 March 1977) was a Lebanese politician who founded the Progressive Socialist Party. He led the National Movement during the civil war against the Lebanese Front. He was a major ally of the Palestine Liberation Organization until his assassination in 1977. He has authored more than 40 books centered on various political, philosophical, literary, religious, medical, social, and economic topics. In September 1972, Kamal Jumblatt received the International Lenin Peace Prize. He is the father of the Lebanese Druze leader Walid Jumblatt and the son in law of the Arab writer and politician Shakib Arslan. Early life and education Kamal Jumblatt was born on 6 December 1917 in Moukhtara. He was born into the prestigious Jumblatt family, who were traditional leaders of the Lebanese Druze community. His father Fouad Joumblatt, the powerful Druze chieftain and director of the Chouf District, was murdered in an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Socialist Party
The Progressive Socialist Party ( ar, الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي, translit=al-Hizb al-Taqadummi al-Ishtiraki) is a Lebanese political party. Its confessional base is in the Druze sect and its regional base is in Mount Lebanon Governorate, especially the Chouf District. Founded by Kamal Jumblatt in 1949, the party has been led by his son Walid since 1977. Origins The party was founded on 5 January 1949, and registered on 17 March the same year, under notification N°789. The founders comprised six individuals, all of different backgrounds. The most notable of these was Kamal Jumblatt. The others were Farid Jubran, Albert Adeeb, Abdallah Alayli, Fouad Rizk, and George Hanna. The PSP held the first conference for the Socialist Arab Parties in Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and Iraq in Beirut in 1951. From 1951 through 1972 the party had between three and six deputies in parliament. The PSP in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) Under Kamal Jumblatt's leadership, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baakleen
Baakleen or Baakline ( ar, بعقلين) is a major Druze town located in Mount Lebanon, Chouf District, 45 kilometers southeast of Beirut. Altitude 850 – 920 meters high, population is 30,000, area 14 square km, number of homes 2,870. Bordering Towns: Deir El Qamar, Beit Eddine, Aynbal, Deir Dourit, Symkanieh, and Jahlieh. History Founded in the 12th century by the Maan emirs, Baakline served as their capital until the early 17th century when its most famous Emir Fakhreddin II, moved to Deir el Qamar. Today, Baakline is an important Druze town and seat of the sect's religious leader. The beautiful grand serail, the main administrative building of Baakline before World War II, has been restored and transformed into a public library. In the area of the Serail are some Druze religious buildings of the 18th and 19th centuries, including, ancient tombs and Ain Aldiaa water source. The roots of Lebanon as we know it today go back to Baakline. Around the year 1120 A.D., Ami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Front
The Lebanese Front ( ar, الجبهة اللبنانية, ''al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya'') or ''Front Libanais'' in French, was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese War. It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) of Kamal Jumblatt and other left-wing allies. The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon, Camille Chamoun, and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel, the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon, the Kataeb Party, president Suleiman Frangieh, who had just finished his presidential years in office. It also included first class intellectuals, such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958, and Fouad Frem al-Boustani, the president of the Lebanese University. The front also included religious figur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War ( ar, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, translit=Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities and an exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon. The diversity of the Lebanese population played a notable role in the lead-up to and during the conflict: Sunni Muslims and Christians comprised the majority in the coastal cities; Shia Muslims were primarily based in the south and the Beqaa Valley in the east; and Druze and Christians populated the country's mountainous areas. The Lebanese government had been run under the significant influence of elites within the Maronite Christian community. The link between politics and religion had been reinforced under the French Mandate from 1920 to 1943, and the country's parliamentary structure favoured a leading position for its Christian-majority population. However, the country had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese National Movement
The Lebanese National Movement (LNM) ( ar, الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية, ''Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya'') or Mouvement National Libanais (MNL) in French, was a front of leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt, a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP). The Vice-President was Inaam Raad, leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon, Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim, leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon (CAOL). The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War, the other being the militias of the mainly C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazira Jumblatt
Nazira Jumblatt (18901951) () was a Druze leader and the mother of Lebanese politician and Kamal Jumblatt. She was styled ''sitt'' (lady in Arabic). Biography Nazira was born in 1890, and her parents were Faris and Afrida Said Jumblatt. She was educated at home by her grandmother and private teachers and learned both English and French. She married Fouad Jumblatt in 1905 when she was 15. Their children were Kamal Jumblatt and Linda Al Atrash who was killed in her house in East Beirut 27 May May 1976 during the civil war. Nazira took on the political role and the leadership of the Jumblatt family upon the assassination of her husband Fouad Jumblatt in 1921. She ran the family affairs until 1943 when her son Kamal took the reins of political and family leadership into his own hands. Unlike her son, she was close to the French authorities. Following the assassination of Fouad Jumblatt, the Jumblatt family groups, the Mukhtara and the Biramiya groups, had internal conflicts. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fouad Joumblatt
Fouad Bey Jumblatt ( ar, فؤاد بك جنبلاط; 1885 – 6 August 1921) was a powerful director of the Chouf District in Lebanon. He was assassinated on 6 August 1921. Early life and education Fouad Jumblatt was born in 1885. His family is originally from the Druze Mountain in Syria. The members of his family emigrated to Lebanon in the 17th century and settled in Mukhtara in the Chouf. Eventually they became as one of the two leading Druze families in Lebanon along with the Arslans. Fouad Jumblatt studied at the American University of Beirut. However, he did not graduate from the university due to his illness. Career He was appointed by Ottomans as the administrator of Shouf. Then he served as governor of Shouf under the French mandate. Personal life His wife was Nazira Jumblatt (1890–1951) who enjoyed a prestigious social status after the death of her husband. Fouad Jumblatt was the father of Kamal Jumblatt, and grandfather of the Druze political leader, Walid Jumblatt. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Arslan
May Arslan (1928–2013) was a Lebanese Druze woman who was a member of the Arslan family, and her father was Shakib Arslan. She was the mother of Walid Jumblatt and the spouse of Kamal Jumblatt, founder and leader of the Progressive Socialist Party. Biography Arslan was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1928 into a well-established Druze family and was the daughter of Shakib Arslan who was in exile in Switzerland when she was born. Her mother was a Circassian woman, Salima El Khass, who was twenty years younger than Shakib Arslan. She was born in Russia and her family fled to Jordan due to violent persecution of Muslims by the Russian authorities. Then they settled in Istanbul where she met with Shakib Arslan, and they married in Beirut in 1916. May Arslan had a brother, Ghaleb, and a sister, Nazimah. May Arslan was first educated in Lebanon and received higher education in France. She married Kamal Jumblatt in Geneva on 1 May 1948. Their families were both Druze, but rival gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese University
The Lebanese University (LU) (, ) is the only public university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is ranked #701–750 worldwide in terms of education. The creation of the Lebanese University was an idea first mentioned in the speech of the former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Hamid Frangieh, during the closing ceremony of the Third UNESCO Conference in Beirut held on 11 December 1948, during which he said: "Lebanon hopes to see the creation of a Lebanese university having the spirit of UNESCO." University presidents Since its inception, the Lebanese University has been headed by: and it is headed by Dr. Bassam Badran since 2021. Faculties and campuses The university issued successive decrees since its inception, establishing faculties and institutes, which contributed to its expansion and development until reaching 16 faculties: In addition to three Doctoral Schools: The university is also affiliated with thInstitute of Applied Sciences and Economics(CNAM-ISAE), which operates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorbonne University
Sorbonne University (french: Sorbonne Université; la Sorbonne: 'the Sorbonne') is a public research university located in Paris, France. The institution's legacy reaches back to 1257 when Sorbonne College was established by Robert de Sorbon as one of the first universities in Europe. Sorbonne University is considered one of the most prestigious universities in Europe and the world. It has a world-class reputation in academia and industry; as of 2021, its alumni and professors have won 33 Nobel Prizes, six Fields Medals, and one Turing Award. In the 2021 edition of the '' Academic Ranking of World Universities'', Sorbonne University ranked 35th in the world, placing it as the 4th best university in continental Europe, 3rd in Mathematics and Oceanography. In the 2023 edition of ''QS World University Rankings'', the Sorbonne ranked 60th in the world, placing it 8th in continental Europe, 14th in Natural Sciences and Mathematics, and 7th in Classics and Ancient History. K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdish Nationality Law
Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (other) *Kurdish literature *Kurdish music *Kurdish rugs * Kurdish cuisine *Kurdish culture *Kurdish nationalism Kurdish nationalism (, ) is a nationalist political movement which asserts that Kurds are a nation and espouses the creation of an independent Kurdistan from Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Early Kurdish nationalism had its roots in the Ottoman ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukhtara
, alternate_name = , image = HARVEY(1861) p008 PALACE OF SAID BAG JUMBULAH AT MOKTARAH.jpg , alt = , caption = The Jumblatt family palace in Moukhtara, 1861 , map_type = Lebanon , map_alt = , latitude = , longitude = , map_size = , location =30 miles from Beirut, Lebanon , region = Chouf District, Mount Lebanon Governorate , coordinates = , type = , part_of = Settlement , length = , width = , area = , height = , builder = , material = tools, flint, bone, ceramics , built = , abandoned = , epochs = PPNB, Neolithic , cultures = , dependency_of = , occupants = , event = , excavations = 1963 , archaeologists = J. Cauvin , condition = ruins , ownership = , management = , public_access = Yes , website = , notes = Moukhtara ( ar, المختارة) is a small town in the Chouf District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon. The town's inhabitants are divided between Druze and Christians. It is the hometown of Walid Jumblatt, the leader of Lebanon's Progressive So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(Cropped).jpg "Click for more on -> Progressive Socialist Party")
_p008_PALACE_OF_SAID_BAG_JUMBULAH_AT_MOKTARAH.jpg "Click for more on -> Nazira Jumblatt")
