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KP4 (other)
KP4, Kp4 or kp4 may refer to * Killer toxin Kp4 family, a family of killer toxins, which includes the Kp4 killer toxin from the smut fungus ''Ustilago maydis'' * KP4, an amateur radio call sign assigned to operators in Puerto Rico, see Amateur radio licensing in the United States#Call signs See also * KP (other) KP may refer to: Businesses and organizations * '' Komsomolskaya Pravda'', a daily Russian newspaper * ''KP'' (newspaper), a Ukrainian newspaper * KP Snacks, a United Kingdom food manufacturer * Kaiser Permanente, a U.S. health maintenance organ ... {{Letter-NumberCombDisambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Killer Toxin Kp4 Family
In molecular biology, the killer toxin Kp4 family is a family of killer toxins, which includes the Kp4 killer toxin from the smut fungus ''Ustilago maydis''. Killer toxins are polypeptides secreted by some fungal species ("killer yeasts") that kill sensitive cells of the same or related species, often functioning by creating pores in target cell membranes. The fungal killer toxin KP4 from the corn smut fungus, ''Ustilago maydis'' (Smut fungus), is encoded by a resident symbiotic double-stranded RNA virus, Ustilago maydis P4 virus (UmV4), within fungal cells. Unlike most killer toxins, KP4 is a single polypeptide. KP4 inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels in mammalian cells, which in turn inhibits cell growth and division by blocking calcium Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amateur Radio Licensing In The United States
In the United States, amateur radio licensing is governed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Licenses to operate amateur stations for personal use are granted to individuals of any age once they demonstrate an understanding of both pertinent FCC regulations and knowledge of radio station operation and safety considerations. Applicants as young as five years old have passed examinations and were granted licenses. Operator licenses are divided into different classes, each of which corresponds to an increasing degree of knowledge and corresponding privileges. Over the years, the details of the classes have changed significantly, leading to the current system of three open classes and three grandfathered (but closed to new applicants) classes. Current license classes Amateur radio licenses in the United States are issued and renewed by the Federal Communications Commission. In 2022 the FCC began charging a Congressionally-mandated $35 administrative fee. Private indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
