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Kulm Cross
The Kulm Cross (german: Kulmer Kreuz; russian: Күльмcкиӣ кpecт) was a Prussian award. It was a version of the badge of the Iron Cross. It was created on 4 December 1813 by Frederick William III of Prussia after the battle of Kulm. It was not awarded for any special act of courage or merit. Officers wore it in silver and NCOs and other ranks in metal. It was worn on the tunic, with no ribbon. A Russian version of the order was completely identical in size and shape to the Prussian Order of the Iron Cross, differing only in that it had no date and monogram of the king. By awarding this cross 12,066 people were represented, but the reward could only be obtained by 7,131 soldiers who survived to 1816. Recipients * Władysław Grzegorz Branicki * Leopold I of Belgium * Aleksandr Mirkovich * Ivan Nabokov * Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov Prince Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov (russian: Алексе́й Фёдорович Орло́в; ) was a Russian diplomat, the natural son of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulmer Kruis Voor En Achterkant
Ferdinand Kulmer (29 January 1925 – 11 November 1998) was a Croatian abstract painter and teacher. He studied at the Budapest Academy of Fine Arts, the Zagreb Academy of Fine Arts, and took special classes with Đuro Tiljak. Kulmer worked in the studio of Krsto Hegedušić, and for many years was a professor at the Zagreb Academy of Fine Arts. Kulmer's paintings tend towards abstract or semi-abstract scenes, with his early compositions based on still life or interiors featuring calligraphic brushwork. He developed a more heavily textured style, turning later to a looser, more gestural style with mythical themes that includes dancing calligraphic shapes. He designed costumes for two films by Vatroslav Mimica and Veljko Bulajic. Member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. In 1990, Kulmer received the Vladimir Nazor Award for lifetime achievement in the visual arts. Biography Ferdinand Kulmer was born 29 January 1925 in Cap Martin in the south of France, where his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Cross
The Iron Cross (german: link=no, Eisernes Kreuz, , abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (1871–1918) and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). King Frederick William III of Prussia established it on 17 March 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars (EK 1813). The award was backdated to the birthday (10 March) of his late wife, Queen Louise. Louise was the first person to receive this decoration (posthumously). Recommissioned Iron Cross was also awarded during the Franco-Prussian War (EK 1870), World War I (EK 1914), and World War II (EK 1939). During the 1930s and World War II, the Nazi regime superimposed a swastika on the traditional medal. The Iron Cross was usually a military decoration only, though there were instances awarded to civilians for performing military functions, including Hanna Reitsch, who received the Iron Cross, 2nd class, and Iron Cross, 1st Class, and Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, who received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick William III Of Prussia
Frederick William III (german: Friedrich Wilhelm III.; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, when the Empire was dissolved. Frederick William III ruled Prussia during the difficult times of the Napoleonic Wars. The king reluctantly joined the coalition against Napoleon in the . Following Napoleon's defeat, he took part in the Congress of Vienna, which assembled to settle the political questions arising from the new, post-Napoleonic order in Europe. His primary interests were internal – the reform of Prussia's Protestant churches. He was determined to unify the Protestant churches to homogenize their liturgy, organization, and architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in the Prussian Union of Churches. The king was said to be extremely shy and indecisive. His wife ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kulm
:''See Battle of Chlumec for the 1126 battle at Kulm The Battle of Kulm was fought near the town Kulm () and the village Přestanov in northern Bohemia. It was fought on 29–30 August 1813, during the War of the Sixth Coalition. A French Corps under General Dominique Vandamme attacked Alexander Ostermann-Tolstoy's Russian Corps on 29 August. The next day, Friedrich von Kleist's Prussian Corps hit Vandamme in the rear while Russian and Austrian reinforcements attacked the French front and left. Vandamme was defeated with the loss of 13,000 men and 82 guns. Background Following the French victory at Dresden, Vandamme pursued the retreating allies. Napoleon sent Marshals Gouvion Saint Cyr and Auguste Marmont to support Vandamme's corps. With Vandamme in advance, Saint Cyr's and Marmont's corps brought up the rear. Vandamme caught up with Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy's forces near the town of Kulm, eight kilometres northwest of Aussig (Ústí nad Labem, now in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-commissioned Officer
A non-commissioned officer (NCO) is a military officer who has not pursued a commission. Non-commissioned officers usually earn their position of authority by promotion through the enlisted ranks. (Non-officers, which includes most or all enlisted personnel, are of lower rank than any officer.) In contrast, commissioned officers usually enter directly from a military academy, officer candidate school (OCS), or officer training school (OTS) after receiving a post-secondary degree. The NCO corps usually includes many grades of enlisted, corporal and sergeant; in some countries, warrant officers also carry out the duties of NCOs. The naval equivalent includes some or all grades of petty officer. There are different classes of non-commissioned officers, including junior (lower ranked) non-commissioned officers (JNCO) and senior/staff (higher ranked) non-commissioned officers (SNCO). Function The non-commissioned officer corps has been referred to as "the backbone" of the armed se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunic (military)
A military tunic is a type of medium length coat or jacket, the lower hem of which reaches down to the thighs all the way round. It is named after the tunic, a garment of similar length worn in Ancient Rome. Development In the second half of the seventeenth and into the eighteenth century, European soldiers wore a coat of a similar style to the civilian justacorps, which had wide skirts and was decorated with lace at the front and had broad cuffs. As the eighteenth century progressed, coats became tighter and broad lapels to expose the facing colour were introduced, initially in the Prussian Army. The skirts of the coat were turned back to form tails; this was initially a mark of the dragoon cavalry, but was soon adopted by the infantry too. By the start of the nineteenth century, this had evolved into a jacket that was cut to waist level at the front and had a short tail behind; in the British Army, this was called a "coatee". A coat with a skirt that reached down to thigh length ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Grzegorz Branicki
Count Władysław Grzegorz Branicki (25 February 1783 in Warsaw – 27 August 1843 in Warsaw) was a Polish nobleman, senator and general in the Russian military. He was a putative grandson of Catherine the Great, through his maternal line. He was owner of the immense Biała Cerkiew estates. After an army career where he was much decorated, he became a senator and political adviser in Russia. Marriage and issue In 1813 Władysław Grzegorz married Countess Róża Potocka, officially the daughter of Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki and the artist, Józefina Amalia Mniszech. They had seven children: * Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1816–1879), married to Countess Pelagia Zamoyska Rembielińska * Eliza Branicka (1820–1876), married first, Count Zygmunt Krasiński then his brother, Ludwik Krasiński * Aleksander Branicki (1821–1877), married Anna Ninna Hołyńska Klamry coat of arms * Zofia Katarzyna Branicka (1821 or 1824–1886), married Prince Livio Erba-Odescalchi (1805 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold I Of Belgium
* nl, Leopold Joris Christiaan Frederik * en, Leopold George Christian Frederick , image = NICAISE Leopold ANV.jpg , caption = Portrait by Nicaise de Keyser, 1856 , reign = 21 July 1831 – , predecessor = Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier (as Regent of Belgium) , successor = Leopold II , reg-type = , regent = , spouse = , issue = , house = , father = Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , mother = Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf , birth_date = , birth_place = Ehrenburg Palace, Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Holy Roman Empire (modern-day Germany) , death_date = , death_place = Castle of Laeken, Brussels, Belgium , burial_place = Church of Our Lady of Laeken , religion = Lutheran , module = , signature = Signatur Leopold I. (Belgien).PNG Leopold I (french: Léopold; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865) was the first king of the Belgians, reigning from 21 July ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Mirkovich
Aleksandr Yakovlevich Mirkovich (Tula, Imperial Russia, 2 February 1792 – Kaluga, Imperial Russia, 22 June 1888) was a Russian officer who fought against the French Invasion of Russia and eventually became major general of the Russian Imperial Army. Biography Alexander was born into a noble family of Serbian origin in Tula province. His father was State Councilor Yakov Stepanovich Mirkovich and his mother was Marya Gavrilovna Golova. His brother was Fedor Yakovlevich Mirkovich, the Governor General of Vilnius in 1840–1850.http://www.worldleadersindex.org/EuropeRegions/RussianBalticgovernorates.html Alexander graduated from the prestigious Corps of Pages of His Majesty in St. Petersburg in 1810, where his name is enshrined on a marble plaque. As a page, he attended the burial of Emperor Paul I. In 1810, at the age of 17, he was released into officers with the rank of lieutenant and was appointed to the Life-Guards Equestrian Regiment, in whose ranks he participated in the Patri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Nabokov
Ivan Aleksandrovich Nabokov (russian: Иван Александрович Набоков) (11 March 1787 – 21 April 1852) was a Russian Adjutant general and general of infantry prominent during the Napoleonic wars. Biography Nabokov came from an old noble family based in the Novgorod governorate, where his father general Alexander Nabokov was a landowner. In 1806 after leaving the Page Corps he joined the Leib-Guard Semyonovsky Regiment as lieutenant and participated in the Napoleonic Wars, foreign campaigns of the Russian Army against Napoleon. For the military valour shown in the Battle of Friedland, he was awarded with a gold sword with an inscription ''for bravery'' and obtained the rank of captain. He distinguished himself at Battle of Borodino, Borodino (for this battle he was awarded with Order of St. Anna of 2nd degree), Battle of Lützen (1813), Lützen (was awarded with Order of St. Vladimir of 3rd degree), Battle of Bautzen (1813), Bautzen, Battle of Kulm, Kulm, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov
Prince Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov (russian: Алексе́й Фёдорович Орло́в; ) was a Russian Empire , Russian diplomat, the natural son of Count Fyodor Grigoryevich Orlov. Born in Moscow, he took part in the Napoleonic Wars from 1805 to the Battle of Paris (1814), capture of Paris in 1814. For his services as commander of the cavalry regiment of the Life Guard Horse Regiment , Horse Life Guards during the Decembrists , rebellion of 1825 he was granted the title of count, and in the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829, Turkish War of 1828–1829 he rose to the rank of lieutenant-general. At this time his diplomatic career began. He served as the Russian plenipotentiary at the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) , Peace of Adrianople, and in 1833 was appointed Russian ambassador at Istanbul, Constantinople, holding at the same time the post of commander-in-chief of the Black Sea Fleet. He became, indeed, one of the most trusted agents of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, Nich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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