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Kruppel-like Factors
In molecular genetics, the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (KLFs) are a set of eukaryotic C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression. This family has been expanded to also include the Sp transcription factor and related proteins, forming the Sp/KLF family. Members The following human genes encode Kruppel-like factors: KLF1, KLF2, KLF3, KLF4, KLF5, KLF6, KLF7, KLF8, KLF9, KLF10, KLF11, KLF12, KLF13, KLF14, KLF15, KLF16, KLF17 The following genes are Sp factors: Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, Sp4, Sp5, Sp6, Sp7, Sp8, and Sp9. Note that although KLF14 was an alias for Sp6 (), it now refers to a protein () derived from KLF16 by a retrotransposon event. Function and properties KLF/Sps are a family of transcription factors that contain three carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) C2H2-type zinc finger structural motifs that bind to the GC-rich regions in DNA and regulate various cellular functions, such as proliferation, differenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Genetics
Molecular genetics is a sub-field of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the structure and/or function of genes in an organism's genome using genetic screens. The field of study is based on the merging of several sub-fields in biology: classical Mendelian inheritance, Cell biology, cellular biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology. Researchers search for mutations in a gene or induce mutations in a gene to link a gene sequence to a specific phenotype. Molecular genetics is a powerful methodology for linking mutations to genetic conditions that may aid the search for treatments/cures for various genetics diseases. History For molecular genetics to develop as a discipline, several scientific discoveries were necessary. The discovery of DNA as a means to transfer the genetic code of life f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KLF12
Krueppel-like factor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KLF12'' gene. Activator protein-2 alpha (AP-2 alpha) is a developmentally-regulated transcription factor and important regulator of gene expression during vertebrate development and carcinogenesis. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Kruppel-like zinc finger protein family and can repress expression of the AP-2 alpha gene by binding to a specific site in the AP-2 alpha gene promoter. Repression by the encoded protein requires binding with a corepressor, CtBP1. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. See also * Kruppel-like factors In molecular genetics, the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (KLFs) are a set of eukaryotic C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression. This family has been expanded to also include the Sp transcription factor ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * External link ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp8 Transcription Factor
Transcription factor Sp8 also known as specificity protein 8 (SP-8) or Btd transcription factor (buttonhead) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SP8'' gene. Sp8 is a transcription factor in the Sp/KLF family. Function Sp8 mediates limb outgrowth during early development. Sp8 deletion in mice resulted in severe exencephaly Exencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder wherein the brain is located outside of the skull. This condition is usually found in embryos as an early stage of anencephaly. As an exencephalic pregnancy progresses, the neural tissue gradually degenerat .... Sp8 is a zinc-finger transcription factor. The structural difference between Sp8 and Sp9 is only one amino acid. These transcription factors are Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) specific in limb development. The Apical Ectodermal Ridge signaling is important for specification of distal limb structures. Sp8 and Sp9 mediate Fgf10 signaling, which in turn regulates Fgf8 expression (Fgf10--->Fgf8). Fgf8 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp7 Transcription Factor
Transcription factor Sp7, also called osterix (Osx), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SP7'' gene. It is a member of the Sp family of zinc-finger transcription factors It is highly conserved among bone-forming vertebrate species It plays a major role, along with Runx2 and ''Dlx5'' in driving the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells into osteoblasts and eventually osteocytes. Sp7 also plays a regulatory role by inhibiting chondrocyte differentiation maintaining the balance between differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells into ossified bone or cartilage. Mutations of this gene have been associated with multiple dysfunctional bone phenotypes in vertebrates. During development, a mouse embryo model with Sp7 expression knocked out had no formation of bone tissue. Through the use of GWAS studies, the Sp7 locus in humans has been strongly associated with bone mass density. In addition there is significant genetic evidence for its role in diseases such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp5 Transcription Factor
{{Letter-NumberCombDisambig ...
SP5 may refer to : * 1982 SP5, an alternate name for 9915 Potanin, a C-type main belt asteroid * 1978 SP5, an alternate name for 15675 Goloseevo, a Main-belt Asteroid discovered on September 27, 1978 * SP5, a postcode in the SP postcode area *sp5, spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus *A civilian variant of the Heckler & Koch MP5 SP-5 may refer to : * USS Tacony (SP-5), an armed yacht that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1918 * one of the three versions of the 9x39 mm rifle cartridge * Specialist Fifth Class, a rank in the United States Army * a model of steam toy made by British manufacturer Mamod Mamod is a British toy manufacturer that specializes in manufacturing live steam models. The company was founded in Birmingham by Geoffrey Malins in 1937. The name is a portmanteau of Malins Models. The first models produced were of stationary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp4 Transcription Factor
Transcription factor Sp4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SP4'' gene. Interactions Sp4 transcription factor has been shown to interact with E2F1 Transcription factor E2F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''E2F1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * Transcription factors {{gene-7-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp3 Transcription Factor
Sp3 transcription factor, also known as SP3, refers to both a protein and the gene it is encoded by. This gene belongs to a family of Sp1 related genes that encode transcription factors that regulate transcription by binding to consensus GC- and GT-box regulatory elements in target genes. This protein contains a zinc finger DNA-binding domain and several transactivation domains, and has been reported to function as a bifunctional transcription factor that either stimulates or represses the transcription of numerous genes. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, and one has been reported to initiate translation from a non-AUG (AUA) start codon. Additional isoforms, resulting from the use of alternate downstream translation initiation sites, have also been noted. Interactions Sp3 transcription factor has been shown to interact with Histone deacetylase 2, PIAS1, E2F1 and GABPA GA-binding protein alpha chain is a protein that in humans is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp2 Transcription Factor
Transcription factor Sp2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SP2'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the Sp subfamily of Sp/XKLF transcription factors. Sp family proteins are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins characterized by an amino-terminal trans-activation domain and three carboxy-terminal zinc finger motifs. This protein contains the least conserved DNA-binding domain within the Sp subfamily of proteins, and its DNA sequence specificity differs from the other Sp proteins. It localizes primarily within subnuclear foci associated with the nuclear matrix, and can activate or in some cases repress expression from different promoters. Interactions Sp2 transcription factor has been shown to interact with E2F1 Transcription factor E2F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''E2F1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp1 Transcription Factor
Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ''O''-GlcNAcylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor. In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory region (RR) of the genome. Structure SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDa. The SP1 transcription factor contains two glutamine-rich activation domains at its N-terminus that are believ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KLF17
Krueppel-like factor 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KLF17'' gene. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of KLF17 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called ''Klf17tm1b(KOMP)Wtsi'' was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological proper ... to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping References Further reading * * External links * Transcription factors {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
