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Knut Birgersson, Riksjarl Of Sweden
Knut Birgersson (Old Norse: ''Knútr jarl Birgisson'', died 1208) was Riksjarl of Sweden. He was the eldest surviving son of Riksjarl Birger Brosa and a member of the powerful House of Bjälbo (''Folkungaätten''). Biography Knut Birgersson was apparently elevated to the office of Riksjarl during the last years of the reign of King Sverker II of Sweden. This was despite the fact that Sverker had named his infant son Johan Sverkersson (c. 1201 – 1222) as riksjarl following the death of Jarl Birger Brosa. Johan Sverkersson was the nephew of Knut Birgersson, being born of his sister Ingegärd. According to one source, Jarl Knut was married to Sigrid, daughter of King Knut Eriksson. The same source states that Knut's son was born of Sigrid. Knut Birgersson was killed in 1208 at the Battle of Lena The Battle of Lena occurred on 31 January 1208 and probably took place near :sv:Kungslena, Kungslena, in the Tidaholm Municipality in Västergötland, Sweden. It was an important ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Norse
Old Norse, also referred to as Old Nordic or Old Scandinavian, was a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their Viking expansion, overseas settlements and chronologically coincides with the Viking Age, the Christianization of Scandinavia, and the consolidation of Scandinavian kingdoms from about the 8th to the 15th centuries. The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid- to late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not precise, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century. Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old West Norse (Old West Nordic, often referred to as ''Old Norse''), Old East Norse (Old East Nordic), and Old Gutnish. Old West Norse and O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jarl In Sweden
Jarl was a rank of the nobility in Scandinavia during the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. The institution evolved over time and varied by region. In Old Norse, it meant "chieftain", specifically one appointed to rule a territory in a king's stead. It could also denote a sovereign prince. For example, during the Viking age, the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway held the title of ''jarl'', often wielding no less power than their neighboring kings. In later medieval Sweden and Norway, there was typically only one jarl in the kingdom, second in authority only to the king. The title became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by the rank of duke (''hertig''/''hertug''/''hertog''). The word is etymologically related to the English ''earl''. Etymology The term ''jarl'' (, Old Swedish: ''iarl'', ''iærl'', Old Danish: ''jærl'') has been connected to various similar words across Germanic languages, such as Proto-Norse ''eril,'' Old English ''eorl'' (meaning wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birger Brosa
Birger Brosa (Old Norse: ''Birgir Brósa''; died 9 January 1202) was the Swedish jarls, jarl of Sweden from 1174 to 1202. Biography He was a son of Bengt Snivil and a member of the powerful House of Bjälbo. In medieval texts, he is either called the ''Jarl in Sweden, jarl of the Swedes'' or the ''jarl of the Swedes (tribe), Swedes and the Geats''. In Latin, the title of ("duke of Swedes and Geats") was used. Birger was appointed to the position of jarl during the reign of Knut Eriksson. He maintained the position during Knut's successor Sverker II until his death in 1202. Before 1170, Birger was married to Brigida Haraldsdotter, the daughter of Norwegian King Harald IV of Norway, Harald Gille. She had formerly been married to the Danish pretender Magnus Henriksson, who had briefly ruled in Uppsala 1160–1161. Birger appears to have maintained peace in Sweden during the civil wars that ravaged Denmark and Norway. Many of the pretenders in these kingdoms sought refuge with Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Bjälbo
The House of Bjälbo, also known as the House of Folkung ( or ), was a Swedish family that produced several medieval bishops, jarls and kings of Sweden. It also provided three kings of Norway and one king of Denmark in the 14th century. Name and origin The house has been known as the "House of Folkung" since the 17th century, and this name is still commonly used in Swedish works of reference. The name "Folkung" does appear as early as in 12th century sources, but is then usually not applied to members of the family. In an effort to avoid confusion with the Folkunge Party some modern historians have argued that "House of Bjälbo" would be a better name because Birger Jarl lived there and it is the family's oldest known manor. Bjälbo is located in Östergötland, outside of Skänninge in the present-day municipality of Mjölby. In any case the members of this dynasty never used a name to refer to themselves since family names were not widely adopted in Sweden until the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sverker II Of Sweden
Sverker the Younger (before 1167 – 17 July 1210), also known as Sverker II or Sverker Karlsson, was King of Sweden from 1195 or 1196 to 1208 when he was defeated in the Battle of Lena by Erik Knutsson. Sverker died in the 1210 Battle of Gestilren where his forces battled those of King Erik Knutsson. Early life Sverker was a son of King Karl Sverkersson of Sweden and Queen Christina Hvide, a Danish noblewoman. Through his mother, he was a first cousin once removed of the Danish kings Canute VI and Valdemar Sejr. His parents' marriage has been dated to 1162 or more probably 1163. When his father Karl had been murdered in Visingsö in 1167, apparently by minions of the next king Knut Eriksson, Sverker was taken to Denmark while a boy and grew up with his mother's clan of Hvide, leaders of Zealand. Sverker also allied himself with the Galen clan leaders in Skåne who were close to the Hvide, by marriage through lady Benedicta Ebbesdatter. The Danish king supported him as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Sverkersson
Johan Sverkersson ( – 10 March 1222), also known as John I, was King of Sweden from 1216 until his death in 1222. He was the last king from the House of Sverker, leaving no heirs. During his reign, an expedition was launched from Sweden against the Estonians, with disastrous results. Background Johan was the son of King Sverker II of Sweden of the House of Sverker and Queen Ingegerd of the Bjälbo dynasty. When he was one year old, his maternal grandfather Jarl Birger Brosa died. King Sverker appointed his son as nominal jarl in order to strengthen his own ruling powers and secure the increasingly important jarl institution. This enraged the rival House of Erik as well as some of Birger Brosa's offspring, and Johan was contemptuously known as the "breech-less jarl". Johan retained his dignity until his father King Sverker was beaten in the Battle of Lena in 1208 and exiled to Denmark, while his rival Erik Knutsson, from the House of Erik, became King of Sweden. Sverker II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingegärd Birgersdotter
Ingegerd (or ''Ingegärd'') Birgersdotter ( – 7 April after 1210, possibly 1230) was Queen of Sweden as the second wife of King Sverker II. Ingegerd was born into one of Sweden's most powerful noble families, the Bjälbo family, as the child of the powerful Jarl Birger Brosa and the Queen Dowager Brigida Haraldsdotter; her mother was the child of King Harald Gille of Norway and had, in her first marriage, herself been the Queen of Sweden in 1160–1161.Hans Gillingstam, "Ingegerd", ''Svenskt biografiskt lexikon'', https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=11953 Life as queen In c. 1200, she was married to King Sverker after the death of his first consort Benedicta, and became Queen of Sweden directly upon her marriage. Through her connections, she was to play an important part in her husband's politics. In 1202, her father died, and queen Ingegerd and her husband proclaimed their one-year-old son Prince Johan as the heir and head of the Bjälbo clan through her, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knut Eriksson
Knut Eriksson (; born before 1150 – died 1195/96), also known as Canute I, was King of Sweden from 1173 until his death (rival king since 1167). He was a son of King Erik the Saint and Queen Christina, who was a granddaughter of the Swedish king Inge the Elder. Youth and ascension Knut was born no later than the 1140s, thus before his father had yet gained power over parts of Sweden. As a young man he was betrothed to a lady, sister of another Knut. Her name is not revealed, but her equal could supposedly not be found in the land. When Erik the Saint was killed in Uppsala in 1160, Knut was defeated and forced to flee, while his fiancée hid in a monastery for reasons of safety. According to late medieval sources he lived in exile in Norway for three years, a piece of information that is highly unreliable. He later returned to reclaim the throne. The killer of his father, Magnus Henriksen, was slain in 1161 by another pretender, Karl Sverkersson, who took the throne and resi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Lena
The Battle of Lena occurred on 31 January 1208 and probably took place near :sv:Kungslena, Kungslena, in the Tidaholm Municipality in Västergötland, Sweden. It was an important battle between the Danish-backed King Sverker II of Sweden and Prince Eric X of Sweden, Eric. Eric's forces won a crushing victory; however, in July 1210, Sverker returned with a second army and was killed in the Battle of Gestilren. Background The period 1150–1250 saw an intense rivalry between the House of Sverker and House of Eric, who alternated on the Swedish throne. The primary representative of the House of Eric, Eric Knutsson, returned from exile in Norway in 1207–08. There were marital connections between his family and the Norwegian ruling elite, but the sparse sources do not tell if Norwegian troops backed him. Sverker II fled to Denmark, where he had grown up before becoming king. All this suggests that many of the Swedish nobility rejected Sverker's rule. Sverker's relative, King Valdem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erik Knutsson
Erik Knutsson (; – 10 April 1216), sometimes known as Eric X, was King of Sweden between 1208 and 1216. Also known as ''Erik the Survivor'' (), he was, at his accession to the throne, the only remaining son of King Knut Eriksson and his queen, whose name may have been Cecilia. Struggles for the throne Nothing is known about his youth, but he may have been born around 1180 in Eriksberg royal manor. When Erik's father, King Knut, died peacefully in 1195 or 1196, his four sons were youthful but not children. One of them had been hailed as heir to the throne by the grandees of the kingdom when Knut was still alive. Whether this was Erik we do not know, nor do the sources disclose the names of his three brothers. In spite of the precautions of King Knut, his sons were passed over in favour of Sverker Karlsson, the head of the rival dynasty of the Sverkers. Perhaps this was due to the influence of the mighty second-of-the-realm, Jarl Birger Brosa. As far as we know the succession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1208 Deaths
Year 1208 ( MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Asia * April 15 – A fire breaks out in the Song Chinese capital city of Hangzhou, raging for four days and nights, destroying 58,097 houses over an area of more than , killing 59 people, and an unrecorded number of other people, who are trampled while attempting to flee. The government provides temporary lodging for 5,345 people, in nearby Buddhist and Taoist monasteries. The collective victims of the disaster are given 160,000 strings of cash, along with 400 tons of rice. Some of the government officials who lose their homes take up residence in rented boathouses on the nearby West Lake. Europe * January 15 – Pierre de Castelnau is murdered by heretics supported by Raymond VI, count of Toulouse. He is held responsible and excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, leading to the Albigensian Crusade. * January 31 – Battle of Lena: Swedish forces under K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Swedish Nobility
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCI) through December 31, 1300 (MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258) and the destruction of the House of Wisdom. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The earliest Islamic states in Southeast Asia formed during this century, most notably Samudera Pasai Sultanate, Samudera Pasai. The Kingdoms of Sukhothai Kingdom, Sukhothai and Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy would emerge and go on to dominate their surrounding territories. Europe entered the apex of the High Middle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
