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Kitab Al-Ghayba (al-Nu'mani)
The ''Kitāb al-Ghayba'' ( ar, كتاب الغيبة, lit. 'Book of Occultation') is a book by the 10th-century Shia scholar Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Nu'mani on the subject of the occultation of the last Twelver Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi in 873–4 (260 AH). The aim of the book was to refute the existing doubts about the occultation and to support it by reason and narration. Author Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Nu'mani was reportedly a pupil of al-Kulayni (–941). He wrote this work around 953, and died in 970. Motivation Much doubt and skepticism existed in al-Nu'mani' time about the occultation () of the last Twelver Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi in 873–4 (260 AH). In his book al-Nu'mani wrote that, having noticed how the Shia followers were perplexed by the event of the occultation, he wanted to try and save them from this perplexity. He also tried to show that the doubt and ignorance of people originated from the concerns of worldly and mortal aims. There are many references to the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Ibrahim Al-Nu'mani
Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Jaʿfar al-Nuʿmānī ( ar, محمد بن إبراهيم بن جعفر النعماني), also known as Ibn Abī Zaynab (), was a 10th-century Shi'a scholar. His last name suggest that his family came from al-Numaniyya, near Baghdad. He was reportedly a disciple of al-Kulayni (–941). According to al-Najashi (–1058), he wrote several books such as the ('Book of Occultation'), the ('Book of Commandments'), and the ('Book of Refutation of Isma'ilism Isma'ilism ( ar, الإسماعيلية, al-ʾIsmāʿīlīyah) is a branch or sub-sect of Shia Islam. The Isma'ili () get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (imām) to Ja'far al-Sa ...'). A Quran commentary is attributed to him titled . The commentary is incorporated into the by the 17th-century author al-Majlisi.Scripture and Exegesis in Early Imāmī-Shiism, By Meʼir Mikhaʼel Bar-Ashe, pp64-66/ref> References {{Authority cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occultation (Islam)
Occultation ( ar, غَيْبَة, ') in Shia Islam refers to the eschatological belief that Mahdi, a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, has already been born and subsequently concealed, but will reemerge to establish justice and peace on earth in the end of time. The signs of his (re)appearance are largely common in Shia and Sunni, (although Sunni do not believe the Mahdi has already been born and is in occultation), and the belief in the eschatological Mahdi remains popular among all Muslims, possibly owing to numerous traditions to this effect in canonical Sunni and Shia sources. The branches of Shia Islam that believe in it, however, differ in the identity of Mahdi. The mainstream Shia identifies him as Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth imam, who is believed to be responsible for the affairs of men and, in particular, their inward spiritual guidance during the occultation. Twelver Shia Twelver Shia is the mainstream branch of Shia Islam, accounting for 85 percent o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twelver Shi'ism
Twelver Shīʿīsm ( ar, ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; '), also known as Imāmīyyah ( ar, إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last Imam, Imam al-Mahdi, lives in Occultation and will reappear as ''The promised Mahdi'' ( ar, المهدي المنتظر). According to the Shīʿa tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus (ʿĪsā), who, along with Mahdi, would kill the Dajjal. Twelvers believe that the Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. According to the theology of Twelvers, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the Muslim community (''Ummah'') with justice, but are also able to preserve and interpret the Islamic law (''sharīʿa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Al-Mahdi
Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī ( ar, محمد بن الحسن المهدي) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and justice and redeem Islam. Hasan al-Askari, the eleventh Imam, died in 260 AH (873-874 CE), possibly poisoned by the Abbasids. Immediately after his death, his main representative, Uthman ibn Sa'id, claimed that the eleventh Imam had an infant son named Muhammad, who was kept hidden from the public out of fear of Abbasid persecution. Uthman also claimed to represent Muhammad, who had entered a state of occultation. Other local representatives of al-Askari largely supported these assertions, while the Shia community fragmented into several sects over al-Askari's succession. All these sects, however, are said to have disappeared after a few decades except the Twelvers, who accept the son of al-Askari as the twelfth and final Imam in occultation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hijri Calendar
The Hijri calendar ( ar, ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, translit=al-taqwīm al-hijrī), also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the annual fasting and the annual season for the great pilgrimage. In almost all countries where the predominant religion is Islam, the civil calendar is the Gregorian calendar, with Syriac month-names used in the Levant and Mesopotamia (Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine) but the religious calendar is the Hijri one. This calendar enumerates the Hijri era, whose epoch was established as the Islamic New Year in 622 CE. During that year, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina and established the first Muslim community (''ummah''), an event commemorated as the Hijrah. In the West, dates in this era are usually denoted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Kulayni
Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Iṣḥāq al Kulaynī ar Rāzī (Persian: ar, أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد ٱبْن يَعْقُوب إِسْحَاق ٱلْكُلَيْنِيّ ٱلرَّازِيّ; c. 250 AH/864 CE – 329 AH/941 CE) was a Persian Shia hadith collector. Life Al-Kulayni was born in Kulayn, a village or small town situated near Rey, Iran. His father was Ya'qub al-Kulayni, who is buried at Rey. He lived in the era of the Minor Occultation of Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi, the last of the Twelve Imams who, according to Shia belief, is currently in occultation and will certainly appear before the Day of Judgment). He is claimed to have greatly benefited from al-Mahdi's divine knowledge by interacting with him through the Imam's Deputies.Syed Waheed Akhtar: Early Imammiyah Shiite Thinkers Kulayni received his early religious education in his native town and went to Rey for further education. According to Shia view he is among a special class of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Shia Books
A list of religious books of Shia Islam: Books of Shia Imams :#Mus'haf of Ali, Tafseer Quran by Imam Ali :# Al-Jafr by Imam Ali :# Nahj al-Balaghah, a collection of sermons, letters and quotes of Imam Ali :# Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim compilation of over ten thousand short sayings of Imam Ali :# Al-Sahifa al-Alawiya (Book of ''Supplications (Du'a)'') by Imam Ali, translated by William Chittick. :# ''Divan-i Ali ibn Abu Talib'' (poems which are attributed to Ali ibn Abu Talib). :# Book of Ali by Ali :# Book of Fatimah by Fatimah :# Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya by Imam Zayn al-Abidin :# Risalatul Huquq by Zayn al-Abidin :# The Fifteen Whispered Prayers by Zayn al-Abidin :# Dua Abu Hamza al-Thumali by Zayn al-Abidin :# Ma'athiru'l-Baqir by Imam Muhammad al-Baqir :# Umm al-Kitab by Imam Muhammad al-Baqir :# Tafsir al-Baqir by Imam Muhammad al-Baqir :# Tafsir Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq by Imam Jafar al-Sadiq :# Al-Sahifat al-Ridha by Imam Ali al-Ridha :# Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minor Occultation
The Minor Occultation ( ar, ٱلْغَيْبَة ٱلصُّغْرَىٰ, '), also known as the First Occultation ( ar, ٱلْغَيْبَة ٱلْأُولَىٰ, '), refers in Twelver Shia Islam to a period of nearly seventy years (874–941 CE, 260-329 AH) during which the Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, is believed to have communicated regularly with his followers through four successive agents. This period was followed by the Major Occultation (941-present), where there is no agent of the Hidden Imam, whose reappearance is expected by the Twelvers to fill the earth with justice and peace in the end of time. Historical background Until their deaths, the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams (Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively) were held under close surveillance in the garrison town of Samarra by the Abbasids, who are often responsible in Shia sources for poisoning the two Imams. The two Imams witnessed the deterioration of the Abbasid caliphate, as the imperial authorit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major Occultation
In Twelver Shia Islam, the Major Occultation ( ar, ٱلْغَيْبَة ٱلْكُبْرَىٰ, ', 329 AH-present, 941 CE-present) is the second occultation of the Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, which is expected to continue until his rise in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. While various sects disagree about the identity of the eschatological Mahdi, the belief in him remains popular among all Muslims, possibly owing to numerous traditions to this effect in canonical Sunni and Shia sources. The Major Occultation began in 329 AH (941 CE) with the death of the fourth successive agent of the Hidden Imam, Abu al-Hasan al-Samarri, marking the end of the Minor Occultation (260-329 AH, 874-941 CE). According to Twelver sources, shortly before his death, al-Samarri received a letter from the Hidden Imam, which predicted his imminent death, ordered him not to designate a successor, and announced the beginning of the "complete occultation," in which there would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twelver Theology
The theology of Twelver Shi'ism contains the five principles of Shia Islam known as ''Uṣūl ad-Dīn'' ( ar, أصول الدين عند الشيعة). Usul al-dín is an Arabic Islamic term which literally translates as 'principles of the faith', roughly interpretable as 'theology'. Definition The Shia roots of religion are a set of theological beliefs, in contrast to the ten practices prescribed in the Shia ancillaries of the faith. Resalah All books of Resalah start with an explicit disclaimer stating that no proof shall be given for any of the points in the Usul al-dín. The Marja' argue that it is permissible to imitate in matters of practical Islam, for example, how one is supposed to do Salat, without being familiar with evidence and arguments for the conclusions. However, they argue that the matters in the roots of religion are much too important to be merely imitated, and it is the responsibility of each individual to make themselves personally familiar with the argu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
