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Kent V. Dulles
''Kent v. Dulles'', 357 U.S. 116 (1958), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court on the right to travel and passport restrictions as they relate to First Amendment free speech rights. It was the first case in which the U.S. Supreme Court made a distinction between the constitutionally protected substantive due process ''freedom of movement'' and the ''right to travel abroad'' (subsequently characterized as "right to international travel"). Background From 1950 to 1955, Rockwell Kent repeatedly applied for passports in order to travel to Europe for pleasure, in order to paint, and to attend peace conferences. He was denied a passport because he was allegedly a communist and was alleged to have "a consistent and prolonged adherence to the Communist Party line". He was told that he would not be issued a passport unless he submitted a non-communist affidavit, which he refused to do although he publicly disavowed party membership. Once he had exhausted his administrative appeal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Foster Dulles
John Foster Dulles (, ; February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and Republican Party politician. He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a Republican U.S. Senator for New York in 1949. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era who advocated an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world. Born in Washington, D.C., John Dulles joined the leading New York law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School. His grandfather, John W. Foster, and his uncle, Robert Lansing, both served as United States Secretary of State, while his brother, Allen Dulles, served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961. John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S. legal counsel at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, 1919 Paris Peace Conference. He became a member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Summary Judgment
In law, a summary judgment (also judgment as a matter of law or summary disposition) is a judgment entered by a court A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in acco ... for one party and against another party summarily, i.e., without a full Trial (law), trial. Summary judgments may be issued on the merits of an entire case, or on discrete issues in that case. The formulation of the summary judgment standard is stated in somewhat different ways by courts in different jurisdictions. In the United States, the presiding judge generally must find there is "no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." In England and Wales, the court rules for a party without a full trial when "the claim, defence or issue has no real prospect of suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwards V
Edwards may refer to: People * Edwards (surname) * Edwards family, a prominent family from Chile * Edwards Barham (1937-2014), a former member of the Louisiana State Senate * Edwards Pierrepont (1817–1892), an American attorney, jurist, and orator Places *Edwards County (other) (multiple) * Edwards Islet (Ducie Island), in the Pitcairn Islands *Edwards, Osgoode Township, Ontario, Canada Australia *Edwards Beach, site of one Sydney artists' camps, New South Wales *Edwards Islet (Tasmania) United States * Edwards, Arkansas, in Prairie County *Edwards, California *Edwards, Colorado *Edwards, Illinois * Edwards, Kentucky, in Logan County (see April 2, 2006 tornado outbreak) *Edwards Dam, a former dam on the Kennebec River in Maine * Edwards, Michigan *Edwards, Mississippi *Edwards, Missouri *Edwards (town), New York *Edwards (village), New York *Edwards, Wisconsin *Edwards Air Force Base, in California *Edwards Plateau region of Texas **Edwards Aquifer, an aquifer in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crandall V
Crandall is an English surname. It is likely a geographic feature name deriving from the Anglo-Saxon, "crundel," meaning hollow, ravine, or water-course. Notable people with the surname * Bradley Crandall (1927–1991), radio personality, US * Bruce Perry Crandall (born 1933), soldier and Medal of Honor recipient, US * Charles Henry Crandall (1858–1923), author and poet, US * Charles M. Crandall (1826–1867), physician and politician, US *Charles Martin Crandall (1833–1905), inventor and toymaker, US *Del Crandall (1930–2021), baseball player and manager, US * Duane Crandall (born 1946), politician, Canada * Elizabeth Walbert Crandall (1914–2005), academic, US * Harrison R. Crandall (1887–1970), photographer and painter, US *Harry Crandall (1879–1937), businessman, US * J'aime Crandall (born 1982), ballet dancer, US *James Otis Crandall (1887–1951), baseball player, US *Jesse Armour Crandall (1834–1920), inventor and toymaker, US * John Crandall (1609–1676), ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magna Carta
(Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called (also ''Magna Charta''; "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Stephen Langton, to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William O
William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of England in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will, Wills, Willy, Willie, Bill, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie or the play ''Douglas''). Female forms are Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the given name ''Wilhelm'' (cf. Proto-Germanic ᚹᛁᛚᛃᚨᚺᛖᛚᛗᚨᛉ, ''*Wiljahelmaz'' > German ''Wilhelm'' and Old Norse ᚢᛁᛚᛋᛅᚼᛅᛚᛘᛅᛋ, ''Vilhjálmr''). By regular sound changes, the native, inherited English form of the name should b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aptheker V
Aptheker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Bettina Aptheker (born 1944), American political activist, radical feminist, professor and author *Herbert Aptheker Herbert Aptheker (July 31, 1915 – March 17, 2003) was an American Marxist historian and political activist. He wrote more than 50 books, mostly in the fields of African-American history and general U.S. history, most notably, ''American Negro ... (1915–2003), American Marxist historian and political activist :* Aptheker v. Secretary of State, US Supreme Court case {{surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutionality
Constitutionality is said to be the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; "Webster On Line" the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or set forth in the applicable constitution. When laws, procedures, or acts directly violate the constitution, they are unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless the country in question has a mechanism for challenging laws as unconstitutional. Applicability An act or statute enacted as law either by a national legislature or by a subordinate-level legislature such as that of a state or province may be declared unconstitutional. However, governments do not only create laws but also enforce the laws set forth in the document defining the government, which is the constitution. When the proper court determines that a legislative act or law conflicts with the constitution, it finds that law unconstitutional and declares it void in whole or in part. Depending on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writ Of Certiorari
In law, ''certiorari'' is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. ''Certiorari'' comes from the name of an English prerogative writ, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of the lower court be sent to the superior court for review. The term is Latin for "to be made certain", and comes from the opening line of such writs, which traditionally began with the Latin words "''Certiorari volumus''..." ("We wish to be made certain..."). Derived from the English common law, ''certiorari'' is prevalent in countries utilising, or influenced by, the common law''.'' It has evolved in the legal system of each nation, as court decisions and statutory amendments are made. In modern law, ''certiorari'' is recognized in many jurisdictions, including England and Wales (now called a "quashing order"), Canada, India, Ireland, the Philippines and the United States. With the expansion of administrative law in the 19th and 20th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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