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Kara Languages
The Kara languages are Tar Gula and possibly related Central Sudanic languages of the Central African Republic. The name ''Kara'' is used for numerous other peoples of the region, and so is often ambiguous. ''Ethnologue'' 16 lists three Kara languages, Gula, Furu (Bagero), and Yulu (Yulu–Binga). However, of these, Blench (2012) accepts only Gula. He places Furu with the Kresh dialect cluster and Yulu as an isolate within Bongo–Bagirmi. Nonetheless, he retain the Kara branch, also with three languages: Gula, Kara of Birao, and Kara of Sudan. ''Ethnologue'' treats Kara (Sudan) as a synonym of Gula, being merely the Gula spoken across the border in Sudan. The Kara of Birao it leaves unclassified. However, it lists Fer ''(Dam Fer, Fertit)'' as synonyms; in Blench's and earlier classifications, Fer is a Bagirmi language Bagirmi (also Baguirmi; autonym: ''ɓarma)'' is the language of the Baguirmi people of Chad, belonging to the Nilo-Saharan family. It was spoken by 44 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and Cameroon to the west. The Central African Republic covers a land area of about . , it had an estimated population of around million. , the Central African Republic is the scene of a civil war, ongoing since 2012. Most of the Central African Republic consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas, but the country also includes a Sahelo- Sudanian zone in the north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two-thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River basin (which flows into the Congo), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari, which flows into Lake Chad. What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Sudanic
Central Sudanic is a family of about sixty languages that have been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. Central Sudanic languages are spoken in the Central African Republic, Chad, South Sudan, Uganda, Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Cameroon. They include the pygmy languages Efé and Asoa. Blench (2011) suggests that Central Sudanic influenced the development of the noun-class system characteristic of the Atlantic–Congo languages. Urheimat The homeland of Proto-Central Sudanic is thought to be within the Bahr el Ghazal. Classification Half a dozen groups of Central Sudanic languages are generally accepted as valid. They are customarily divided into East and West branches. Starostin (2016) Starostin (2016)George Starostin (2016) ''The Nilo-Saharan hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs'' finds support for Eastern Central Sudanic (Lendu, Mangbetu, Lugbara, etc., concentrated in the northeast corner of DR Congo) but not for the wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bongo–Bagirmi Languages
The Bongo–Bagirmi or Sara–Bongo–Bagirmi languages are the major branch of the Central Sudanic language family with about forty languages. Principal groups include Bagirmi languages such as Naba and the Sara languages. They are spoken across CAR, Chad, South Sudan, and adjacent countries. Languages The Bongo–Bagirmi languages are for the most part poorly studied, and there is little agreement as to their internal classification. The table below is taken from Lionel Bender, as summarized in Blench (2000). * Bongo–Baka *Kara (= '' Tar Gula'' ?) *'' Sinyar (Shemya)'' ? * Bagirmi *Sara *'' Doba (Bedjond, Gor, Mango)'' * Kaba *Vale *'' Birri'' (likely to be closer to Kresh) *'' Fongoro (Formona)'' ? *'' Yulu (Yulu–Binga)'' Sinyar and Fongoro may not be Bongo–Bagirmi or even Central Sudanic languages. Classification Boyeldieu (2006)Boyeldieu, Pascal. 2006. Présentation des langues Sara-Bongo-Baguirmiennes'. Paris: CNRS-LLACAN (online version). classifies the Sara-Bon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tar Gula Language
The Gula language, or ''Tar Gula'', of the Central African Republic, commonly known as Kara, is a Central Sudanic language or dialect cluster. The term "Kara" is also attached to numerous ethnic groups of the region and their languages, and so is often ambiguous. Names ''Ethnologue'' lists ''Gula du Mamoun, Kara'' (of South Sudan) and ''Yamegi'' as synonyms, and ''Molo, Mele, Mot-Mar (Moto-Mara), Sar (Sara), Mere, ''and ''Zura (Koto)'' as dialects. Classification Sources disagree as to whether Gula shares a Kara branch with other languages, with proposed Kara languages in one classification reassigned to other branches in other classifications. (See Kara languages.) Locations As of 2013, ethnic Kara were reported to be residing in Menamba Boma, Ringi Payam, Raja County Raja County is an administrative area in Lol State, South Sudan South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Sudanic Languages
Central Sudanic is a family of about sixty languages that have been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. Central Sudanic languages are spoken in the Central African Republic, Chad, South Sudan, Uganda, Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Cameroon. They include the pygmy languages Efé and Asoa. Blench (2011) suggests that Central Sudanic influenced the development of the noun-class system characteristic of the Atlantic–Congo languages. Urheimat The homeland of Proto-Central Sudanic is thought to be within the Bahr el Ghazal. Classification Half a dozen groups of Central Sudanic languages are generally accepted as valid. They are customarily divided into East and West branches. Starostin (2016) Starostin (2016)George Starostin (2016) ''The Nilo-Saharan hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs'' finds support for Eastern Central Sudanic (Lendu, Mangbetu, Lugbara, etc., concentrated in the northeast corner of DR Congo) but not for the west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furu Language
Furu is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ''Glottolog'' has it as one of the Kara languages, in line with recent literature, while Blench (2012) follows older lit in listing it as a Kresh language Kresh, also known ambiguously as Gbaya, is a Central Sudanic language of South Sudan. Naomi Baki, a native Kresh speaker who became a French citizen in 2015, has released an autobiography in 2013 in which she describes her Kresh Gbaya environm .... References BibliographyBlench (2000 ms) Central Sudanic languages Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Bongo–Bagirmi languages {{Ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yulu Language
Yulu (also spelled Youlou, pronounced ) is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Yulu people of South Sudan and the Central African Republic (CAR). It has an estimated 7,000–13,000 speakers.Frawley, W. (2003). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esperanto. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. Yulu is classified as a Central Sudanic language of the Bongo–Bagirmi branch. It has been written using Latin script (with adjustments for sounds with no corresponding letters) since the Rejaf Language Conference in 1928 attempted to standardize a writing system for the region's indigenous languages. Many Sudanese people prefer to speak Arabic; however, there is a new movement to promote the instruction of local languages in school. This is particularly because a large proportion of speakers are not literate in Yulu.(19 November 2015). W. Bahr el-Ghazal pushes for local languages in schools. Sudan Tribune. Between 30 and 50 languages are spoken in South Sudan; Yulu was n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kresh Language
Kresh, also known ambiguously as Gbaya, is a Central Sudanic language of South Sudan. Naomi Baki, a native Kresh speaker who became a French citizen in 2015, has released an autobiography in 2013 in which she describes her Kresh Gbaya environment in Raga County.Naomi Baki,'Je suis encore vivante''(Paris, Le Cerf, 2013). The title's meaning in English is "Still Alive". Dialects The Kresh varieties have varying mutual intelligibility, with northernmost Dongo being most distinct and southernmost Woro being next, though mutually intelligible with Kresh proper. 'Kresh' is what the people are called by their neighbors; they call themselves ''Gbaya'', an ambiguous name in English, shared with many of the unrelated Gbaya languages. * Ndogo (Gbaya) * Naka (Boro, Kpara) * Kresh-Hofra (Gbaya-Ngbongbo) * Woro (Orlo) Ndogo is the prestige dialect, and Naka the most populous. Locations A 2013 survey reported that ethnic Kresh reside in Dar Seid Bandas and Kata Bomas, Ringi Payam, Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara Of Birao
The Fer language, also ''Dam Fer'' or '' Fertit,'' one of several languages called Kara ("Kara of Birao"), is a Central Sudanic language spoken by some five thousand people in the northern Central African Republic near the Sudanese and Chadian borders, in the region known as Dar Runga. While the Ethnologue leaves it unclassified, it appears to be a Bongo–Bagirmi language within the Central Sudanic family ( Lionel Bender, Pascal Boyeldieu); Roger Blench classifies "Fer" as Bagirmi, but "Kara of Birao" as one of the related Kara languages The Kara languages are Tar Gula and possibly related Central Sudanic languages of the Central African Republic. The name ''Kara'' is used for numerous other peoples of the region, and so is often ambiguous. ''Ethnologue'' 16 lists three Kara l .... References External links Fer "Kara"- Boyeldieu Languages of the Central African Republic Bongo–Bagirmi languages {{CentralAfricanRepublic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara Language (Sudan)
The Gula language, or ''Tar Gula'', of the Central African Republic, commonly known as Kara, is a Central Sudanic language or dialect cluster. The term "Kara" is also attached to numerous ethnic groups of the region and their languages, and so is often ambiguous. Names ''Ethnologue'' lists ''Gula du Mamoun, Kara'' (of South Sudan) and ''Yamegi'' as synonyms, and ''Molo, Mele, Mot-Mar (Moto-Mara), Sar (Sara), Mere, ''and ''Zura (Koto)'' as dialects. Classification Sources disagree as to whether Gula shares a Kara branch with other languages, with proposed Kara languages in one classification reassigned to other branches in other classifications. (See Kara languages.) Locations As of 2013, ethnic Kara were reported to be residing in Menamba Boma, Ringi Payam, Raja County Raja County is an administrative area in Lol State, South Sudan South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unclassified Language
An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established. Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons, mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact, if different layers of its vocabulary or morphology point in different directions and it is not clear which represents the ancestral form of the language. Some poorly known extinct languages, such as Gutian and Cacán, are simply unclassifiable, and it is unlikely the situation will ever change. A supposedly unclassified language may turn out not to be a language at all, or even a distinct dialect, but merely a family, tribal or village name, or an alternative name for a people or language that is classified. If a language's genetic relationship has not been established after significant documentation of the language and comparison with other languages and families, as in the case of Basque in Europe, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fer Language
The Fer language, also ''Dam Fer'' or '' Fertit,'' one of several languages called Kara ("Kara of Birao"), is a Central Sudanic language spoken by some five thousand people in the northern Central African Republic near the Sudanese and Chadian borders, in the region known as Dar Runga. While the Ethnologue leaves it unclassified, it appears to be a Bongo–Bagirmi language within the Central Sudanic family (Lionel Bender, Pascal Boyeldieu); Roger Blench classifies "Fer" as Bagirmi, but "Kara of Birao" as one of the related Kara languages The Kara languages are Tar Gula and possibly related Central Sudanic languages of the Central African Republic. The name ''Kara'' is used for numerous other peoples of the region, and so is often ambiguous. ''Ethnologue'' 16 lists three Kara .... References External links Fer "Kara"- Boyeldieu Languages of the Central African Republic Bongo–Bagirmi languages {{CentralAfricanRepublic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
