|
Justifying Genocide
''Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler'' is a 2016 book by Stefan Ihrig which explores how violence against the Ottoman Armenians, from the Hamidian massacres to the Armenian genocide, influenced German views and led to genocide justification, the acceptance of genocide as a legitimate "solution" to "problems posed by an unwelcome minority". It discusses how the topic was debated in Germany after World War I and the influence of these debates and perceptions of history on the The Holocaust, Holocaust. Content The book expands on Ihrig's previous book, ''Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination'' (2014), and is based on examination of contemporary German publications. Ihrig writes that his book is about "Germany and its road to the Holocaust", and only secondarily about Turks or Armenians. The book covers the period from the 1878 Treaty of San Stefano through World War II; Ihrig argues that the German media took a consistently pro-Turkish line in justif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Ihrig
Stefan Ihrig is an academic, author, and speaker. He is professor of history at the University of Haifa and director of the Haifa Center for German and European Studies. His research interests are European and Middle Eastern history, with a focus on media and political and social discourse. His 2014 and 2016 books dealing with German-Turkish history and entanglement have elicited critical praise. He is also an editor of the '' Journal of Holocaust Research'' published by the University of Haifa and has contributed articles for ''HuffPost'', '' Tablet'', ''Haaretz'', and ''History Today'', among other publications. Early life and education Ihrig is the son of Johann and Beate Ihrig. He earned his bachelor's degree in law and politics at Queen Mary University, London. He received his master's degree in history, Turcology, and political science from the Free University of Berlin. He completed his PhD in history at the University of Cambridge. His doctoral thesis on German-Turkish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soghomon Tehlirian
Soghomon Tehlirian ( hy, Սողոմոն Թեհլիրեան; April 2, 1896 – May 23, 1960) was an Armenian revolutionary and soldier who assassinated Talaat Pasha, the former Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, in Berlin on March 15, 1921. He was entrusted to carry out the assassination after having earlier killed Harutian Mgrditichian, who had worked for the Ottoman secret police and helped compile the list of Armenian intellectuals who were deported on April 24, 1915. Talaat's assassination was a part of Operation Nemesis, a revenge plan by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation against members of the Ottoman Imperial Government responsible for the Armenian genocide during World War I. Talaat Pasha had been convicted and sentenced to death ''in absentia'' in the Turkish courts-martial of 1919–20, and was viewed as the main orchestrator of the genocide. After a two-day trial Tehlirian was found not guilty by a German court, and freed. Tehlirian is considered a nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany–Turkey Relations
German–Turkish relations (; ) have their beginnings in the times of the Ottoman Empire and have culminated in the development of strong bonds with many facets that include economic, military, cultural and social relations. With Turkey as a candidate for the European Union, of which Germany is the 2nd biggest member, and the existence of a significant Turkish diaspora in Germany, these relations have become more and more intertwined over the decades. Relations with Turkey significantly deteriorated after the 2016–17 Turkish purges including the arrest of journalists such as ''Die Welt''s Deniz Yücel. History Medieval and Early Modern periods Wars between the Holy Roman Empire and Sultanate of Rum * Crusade of 1101 (1101) * Battle of Dorylaeum (1147) * Battle of Philomelion (1190) * Battle of Iconium (1190) Wars between the Holy Roman Empire and Ottoman Empire *Battle of Nicopolis (1396) *Battle of Mohács (1526) * First Turkish Siege of Vienna (1529) * Little War in H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jo Laycock
Jo, jo, JO, or J.O. may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Jo'' (film), a 1972 French comedy * ''Jo'' (TV series), a French TV series *"Jo", a song by Goldfrapp from '' Tales of Us'' *"Jo", a song by Mr. Oizo from '' Lambs Anger'' * Jo a fictional character in the ''Star Wars'' franchise People * Jo (given name) * Jô, Brazilian footballer João Alves de Assis Silva (born 1987) * Josiel Alves de Oliveira (born 1988), Brazilian footballer also known as Jô * Jō (surname), a Japanese surname * Cho (Korean name), a common Korean surname which can be romanized as Jo Codes * JO, ISO 3166 country code for Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ... * .jo, the Internet country code top-level domain for Jordan * JO, IATA code for JALways, a subsidiary of Japan Airline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functionalism And Intentionalism
Functionalism may refer to: * Functionalism (architecture), the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building * Functionalism in international relations, a theory that arose during the inter-War period * Functional linguistics, a theoretical approach to the study of language * Functionalism (philosophy of mind), a theory of the mind in contemporary philosophy * Functionalism versus intentionalism, a historiographical debate about the origins of the Holocaust * Structural functionalism, a theoretical tradition within sociology and anthropology * Biological functionalism, an anthropological paradigm See also * Danish functional linguistics * Functional (other) * Functional psychology * Neofunctionalism Neofunctionalism is a theory of regional integration which downplays globalisation and reintroduces territory into its governance. Neofunctionalism is often regarded as the first European integration theory developed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence Douglas
Lawrence R. Douglas (born 1959) is the James J. Grosfeld Professor of Law, Jurisprudence, and Social Thought at Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts. He is also an author of both fiction and nonfiction. Education Douglas received his A.B. from Brown University in 1982, his A.M. from Columbia University in 1986, and his J.D. from Yale Law School in 1989. Career Douglas is both a fiction and nonfiction author. Much of Douglas's nonfiction has focused on legal responses to state-sponsored atrocities. His two novels have focused on the question of Jewish identity. In 2013, Douglas wrote about Guantánamo detainee Abd al-Nashiri for ''Harper's Magazine''. Douglas is also a regular reviewer of books on legal topics for the ''Times Literary Supplement'' and a regular contributor to ''The Guardian''. Douglas is the recipient of fellowships from the National Endowment of the Humanities, the American Council of Learned Societies, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirkus Reviews
''Kirkus Reviews'' (or ''Kirkus Media'') is an American book review magazine founded in 1933 by Virginia Kirkus (1893–1980). The magazine is headquartered in New York City. ''Kirkus Reviews'' confers the annual Kirkus Prize to authors of fiction, nonfiction, and young readers' literature. ''Kirkus Reviews'', published on the first and 15th of each month; previews books before their publication. ''Kirkus'' reviews over 10,000 titles per year. History Virginia Kirkus was hired by Harper & Brothers to establish a children's book department in 1926. The department was eliminated as an economic measure in 1932 (for about a year), so Kirkus left and soon established her own book review service. Initially, she arranged to get galley proofs of "20 or so" books in advance of their publication; almost 80 years later, the service was receiving hundreds of books weekly and reviewing about 100. Initially titled ''Bulletin'' by Kirkus' Bookshop Service from 1933 to 1954, the title was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perpetrators, Victims, And Bystanders
In Holocaust and genocide studies, perpetrators, victims, and bystanders is a typology for classifying the participants and observers of a genocide, first proposed by Raul Hilberg in the 1992 book '' Perpetrators Victims Bystanders: Jewish Catastrophe 1933–1945''. Although considered a key element of scholarship on genocide, the typology has also been criticized for vagueness and leading to overgeneralization. Jan Gross proposed that helpers and beneficiaries be added to the classification. Robert Ehrenreich proposed that being a perpetrator, bystander, or victim is on a sliding scale rather than a discrete classification. The triad is also used in studying the psychology of genocide. See also *Génocidaires Génocidaires (, 'those who commit genocide') are Rwandans who are guilty of genocide due to their involvement in the mass killings which were perpetrated in Rwanda during the 1994 Rwandan genocide, in which 800,000 Rwandans, primarily Tutsis and ... References Fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unpunished
Impunity is avoidance of punishment, loss, or other negative consequences for an action. In the international law of human rights, impunity is failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice and, as such, itself constitutes a denial of the victims' right to justice and redress. Impunity is especially common in countries that lack a tradition of the rule of law, suffer from corruption or that have entrenched systems of patronage, or where the judiciary is weak or members of the security forces are protected by special jurisdictions or immunities. Impunity is sometimes considered a form of denialism of historical crimes. Examples The Armenian genocide was fueled by impunity for the perpetrators of earlier massacres of Armenians, such as the 1890s Hamidian massacres. After the genocide, the Treaty of Sèvres required Turkey to allow the return of refugees and enable them to recover their properties. However, Turkey did not allow the return of refugees and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Lepsius
Johannes Lepsius (15 December 1858, Potsdam, Germany – 3 February 1926, Meran, Italy) was a German Protestant missionary, Orientalist, and humanist with a special interest in trying to prevent the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire. He initially studied mathematics and philosophy in Munich and a PhD in 1880 with an already award-winning work. Lepsius was one of the founders and the first chairman of the German–Armenian Society. During World War I he published his work "''Bericht über die Lage des armenischen Volkes in der Türkei''" ("''Report on the situation of the Armenian People in Turkey''") in which he meticulously documented and condemned the Armenian genocide. A second edition entitled "''Der Todesgang des armenischen Volkes''" ("''The way to death of the Armenian people''") included an interview with Enver Pasha, one of the chief architects of the genocide. Lepsius had to publish the report secretly because Turkey was an ally of the German Empire and the offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Erwin Von Scheubner-Richter
Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter ( Lettish: ''Ludvigs Rihters'') ( – 9 November 1923) was a Baltic German political activist and an influential early member of the Nazi Party. Scheubner-Richter was a Baltic German from Russia and fought against the Russian Revolution of 1905 before serving in the Imperial German Army during World War I, witnessing and producing documentation of the Armenian genocide. He was leader of the Aufbau Vereinigung and a leading ideologist of Nazism at the beginning of the Interwar period. Scheubner-Richter became a key influence and close associate of Adolf Hitler, and an activist of the Nazi Party instrumental in securing financing for its early stages. Scheubner-Richter was killed during the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923 and part of Hitler's ''Mein Kampf'' was dedicated to him. He was elevated to status of '' Blutzeuge'' ("blood witness") and national hero upon the founding of Nazi Germany in 1933. Early life Ludwig Maximilian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armin Wegner
Armin Theophil Wegner (October 16, 1886 – May 17, 1978) was a German soldier and medic in World War I, a prolific author, and a human rights activist. Stationed in the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Wegner was a witness to the Armenian genocide and the photographs he took documenting the plight of the Armenians today "comprises the core of witness images of the Genocide." In the years following World War I, Wegner also voiced his opposition, at great risk to his own life, to the antisemitic policies of the Nazi regime. In 1933, he authored an impassioned plea to Adolf Hitler on behalf of German Jews. He suggested that the persecution of the Jews was not just a question of "the fate of our Jewish brothers alone, ut alsothe fate of Germany.", Noting that he was writing the letter as a proud German who could himself trace his Prussian familial roots back to the time of the Crusades, Wegner asked Hitler what would become of Germany if it continued its persecution of Jews. Answ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
