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Judge Of Arborea
The Kings or ''Judges'' (from the Latin language, Latin ''iudices'' and the Sardinian language, Sardinian ', "judges," the title of the Byzantine officials left behind when Imperial power receded in the West) of the Kingdom of Arborea, Arborea were the local rulers of the west of Sardinia during the Middle Ages. Theirs was the longest-lasting judgedom, surviving as an independent state until the fifteenth century. House of Lacon-Gunale, Lacon Gunale *Gonario I of Torres, Gonario I (c. 1015 – c. 1038) *Barisone I of Torres, Barisone I (c. 1038 – c. 1060) *Marianus I of Arborea, Marianus I (c. 1060 – c. 1070) *Orzocorre I of Arborea, Orzocorre I (c. 1070 – c. 1100) *Torbeno of Arborea, Torbeno (c. 1100) *Orzocorre II of Arborea, Orzocorre II (c. 1100 – c. 1122) *Comita I of Arborea, Comita I House of Lacon Serra *Gonario II of Arborea, Gonario II *Constantine I of Arborea, Constantine I (c. 1101 – 1131) *Comita II of Arborea, Comita II (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giudicati Of Sardinia 1
The Judicates (, or in Sardinian, in Latin, or in Italian), in English also referred to as Sardinian Kingdoms, Sardinian Judgedoms or Judicatures, were independent states that took power in Sardinia in the Middle Ages, between the ninth and fifteenth centuries. They were sovereign states with '' summa potestas'', each with a ruler called judge ( in Sardinian), with the powers of a king. Historical causes of the advent of the kingdoms After a relatively brief Vandal occupation (456–534), Sardinia was a province of the Byzantine Empire from 535 until the eighth century. After 705, with the rapid Arab expansion, Saracen pirates from North Africa began to raid the island and encountered no effective opposition by the Byzantine army. In 815, Sardinian ambassadors requested military assistance from the Carolingian Emperor Louis the Pious. In 807, 810–812, and 821–822 the Arabs of Spain and North Africa tried to invade the island but the Sardinians resisted several att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comita II Of Arborea
Comita II (or III) (died 1147) was the ''Judge'' of the Judicate of Arborea, from 1131 until his death. He was the son of Constantine I of Arborea, first ruler of Arborea of the Lacon dynasty. He married Elena de Orrubu, mother of Barison II of Arborea.According to the '' Condaghe di Santa Maria di Bonarcado'', he was the son of Constantine I and Anna de Zori. The dating and chronology of his reign are obscure. Comita succeeded his father Constantine I of Arborea. The date of this succession is assumed to be 1131, when he first appears in a communication with the Republic of Genoa. In 1130, Constantine, Gonario II of Torres, and Comita I of Gallura had sworn fealty to the archbishop of Pisa._In_1133,_Pope_Innocent_II.html" ;"title="717, Pisan">708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan and on 31 J .... In 1133, Pope Innocent II">717, Pisan">708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan and on 31 J .... In 1133, Pope Innocent II raised Genoa to archiepiscopal status and divi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marianus III Of Arborea
Marianus III (died 1321) was the sole Judge of Arborea from 1308 to his death. He co-ruled with his elder brother Andrew from the death of their father, John of Arborea, in 1304. Their mother was Vera Cappai. They were illegitimate. In 1312, he was constrained by the Republic of Pisa to buy his own right of succession from the Emperor Henry VII and to marry Constance of Montalcino by proxy. In 1314, he requested aid from the Crown of Aragon against the Pisans. He restored roads and bridges, complete the walls of Oristano Oristano (; sc, Aristanis ) is an Italian city and ''comune'', and capital of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the island of Sardinia. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the pr ... and her defensive towers, and constructed a new archiepiscopal palace. He never did marry Constance, but he did cohabitate with Padulesa de Serra, who gave him six children, among whom was his successor, Hugh I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrew Of Arborea
Andrew (or ''Andreotto'') (died 3 April 1308) was the Judge of Arborea from 1304. He was the elder of two illegitimate sons of John and Vera Cappai. He co-ruled with his brother Marianus III, but he had the supremacy and the title ''autocrator ''Autokrator'' or ''Autocrator'' ( grc-gre, αὐτοκράτωρ, autokrátōr, , self-ruler," "one who rules by himself," whence English "autocrat, from grc, αὐτός, autós, self, label=none + grc, κράτος, krátos, dominion, power ... basileus''. From their mother, the Bas-Serra family which ruled in Arborea became known as the Cappai de Bas. In 1308, Andrew acquired the castles of Serravalle di Bosa, Planargia, and Costaville from the Malaspina. These acquisitions were retained as the private holdings of the family (''peculio''), but were the proceeds from them were used to finance the administration of the demesne (''fisc''). 1308 deaths Judges (judikes) of Arborea Year of birth unknown {{Italy- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Arborea
John (died 23 March 1304), nicknamed Chiano, was the Judge of Arborea from 1297 to his death. He was the son and successor of Marianus II and reigned initially under the tutelage of Tosorat Uberti, a Pisan nobleman. Nino Visconti of Gallura having been deposed in 1288, John was the only judge and Arborea the only Judicate left on the island of Sardinia. Shortly after his succession, Pope Boniface VIII proclaimed a ''Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae'': Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica. He named James II of Aragon King and paved the way for the invasion of the two islands. John prepared to resist. In 1300, he ceded (or sold) to Pisa the third of Cagliari which he ruled, the silver mines, and, perhaps, part of the judicial demesne. This last – the alienation of public land – released the people to revolt ('' bannus consensus'') and they did so, executing John and cutting out his tongue. He married Giacomina (died 12 February 1329), daughter of Ugolino della Gherardesca, in 1287 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anselm Of Capraia
Anselm of Capraia was a Pisan count. His political activity extended from the Republic of Pisa to Sardinia. Anselm was the son of Berthold, brother of William and Anselm, all three of whom went to the court of Peter II of Arborea to be educated. Anselm's mother was a daughter of Guelfo della Gherardesca, Count of Donoratico, and Uguccionella degli Uppezinghi. Anselm was sent by the Commune of Pisa in 1273 to Gallura to fight against the judge Giovanni Visconti, who had fled from Pisa recently. He defeated him in the hard-to-defend open plain between Trexenta and Gippi. Anselm occupied the Visconti estates, but it is not known if only those in the ''curatoria'' of Gippi or those in the third of Cagliari which Giovanni had acquired as well. However, Giovanni evaded capture and returned to Tuscany on a Sicilian ship. Anselm took over the reins of government in the Giudicato of Arborea after the imprisonment and assassination of his cousin Nicholas by the real judge, Marianus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicholas Of Capraia
Nicholas of Capraia (died 1274) was the Judge of Arborea The Kings or ''Judges'' (from the Latin ''iudices'' and the Sardinian ', "judges," the title of the Byzantine officials left behind when Imperial power receded in the West) of the Arborea were the local rulers of the west of Sardinia during t ... from 1264 to his assassination ten years later. Nicholas was the eldest son and successor of William of Capraia, who had usurped the judicial office of Arborea from Marianus II in 1255. On William's death in 1264, Nicholas took up his authority, but he was imprisoned by Marianus in 1270 and remained in prison until Marianus decided to remove him permanently in 1274. His cousin Anselm tried to take his authority back in Cagliari. 1274 deaths Judges (judikes) of Arborea Year of birth unknown {{Italy-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Of Capraia
William of Capraia (died 1264) was the regent for Marianus II of Arborea from 1241 until his death, being entitled " Judge" from 1250 on. Biography He was the son of Ugo degli Alberti of the Counts of Capraia and Bina, the first wife of Peter I of Arborea, whom he divorced in 1191 and who subsequently remarried (1193). When Peter II of Arborea died in 1241, William immediately assumed the regency with the alliance of the Gherardeschi, counts of Donoratico, and the Visconti. On 29 September 1250, Pope Innocent IV recognised his sovereignty in Arborea, though the Corona de Logu never did. In 1257, William led Arborea, along with Gallura and Logudoro, the Pisan ''giudicati'', into a war against Genoese Cagliari. After fourteen months of war, the deposed judge of Cagliari, Salusio VI, was forced to flee and his ''giudicato'' was divided up between the victors: a third to Gallura, a third to Arborea, and a third to the Gherardeschi of Pisa. Salusio's capital, Santa Igia, was des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marianus II Of Arborea
Marianus II ( Sardinian: ''Marianu II'', Italian: ''Mariano II'') (died 1297) was the Judge of Arborea from 1241 to his death. With skilled military action, he came to control more than half of the island of Sardinia. By his control of the vast central plains and the rich deposits of precious metals, he increased the riches of his Judicate and staved off the general economic decline affecting the rest of Europe at the time. Biography He was the son and successor of Peter II of Arborea of the Bas-Serra family and a local woman named Sardinia. He succeeded to the throne at a young age under the regency of William of Capraia, a distant relative. William was the son of Bina de Lacon, widow of Peter I, and Hugh of Capraia, Count of Prato. William and his brothers Anselm and Berthold were pupils at the court of Peter II, who designated William regent for his son. On William's death in 1264, Marianus did not take the full reins of power, but instead had to recognize the co-dominion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barisone III Of Arborea
Barisone II Torchitorio IV de Serra (c. 1190 – after 20 April 1217) was the ''Judike'' (Judge) of Arborea and Cagliari. He was a son of Peter I and Bina. His father was Judge of half of Arborea from 1195 to his death in 1214 along with Hugh I. When Hugh died in 1211, Barisone laid claim to his portion of the Judicate, laying claim to the whole on his father's death three years later. He married Benedetta, the heiress of William I of Cagliari, and succeeded him on that throne. William held Peter I imprisoned and in order to legitimise his control over half of Arborea, he married his daughter to Peter's heir in 1214. Torchitorio and Benedetta were related within the prohibited degree, but Pope Innocent III gave them dispensation to marry. They subsequently did homage to the pope on 18 November 1215, probably to avoid domination by the Republic and Archdiocese of Pisa The Archdiocese of Pisa ( la, Archidioecesis Pisana) is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Pisa, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter II Of Arborea
Peter II (died 1241) was the Judge of Arborea from 1221 to his death. He was also Peter IV, Viscount of Bas. He was "pious and submissive to the church" and his extensive "donations of privileges and judicial lands impoverished his state of glory."Nowé, 173. Peter's father, Hugh I, of the Bas family, died in 1211 while Peter was still a child. By treaty, Hugh had shared the throne with Peter I from 1195 and Peter was still living when Hugh died. In 1214, Peter I died, as did William I of Cagliari, his supporter. Peter's successor, Torchitorio IV, laid claim to Peter I's title to Arborea and married William's heiress, Benedetta. In 1221, Peter began ruling alone. In 1228, he allied with the Visconti of Gallura, then allied with Pisa. He was consequently attacked by William II of Cagliari and Marianus II of Torres. They desired to maintain a condominium in Arborea, but internal fighting allowed Peter to solidify his authority with little opposition. In 1231, Eldiarda, Peter's r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter I Of Arborea
Peter I (died 1214), of the Serra family, was the eldest son and successor of Barisone II of Arborea, reigning from 1186 to his death. His mother was Barisone's first wife, Pellegrina de Lacon. He was crowned King of Sardinia, the title his father had used, with the support of a majority of the Arborean nobility. Immediately after his father's death, he was opposed by his nephew Hugh, the son of Hugh I of Bas and Ispella, Peter's half-sister, the elder daughter of Barisone by his second wife, the Catalan Agalbursa. Agalbursa had the support of Alfonso II of Aragon, but she died soon after instigating the war between her grandson and Peter. Peter was supported by the Republic of Pisa, while Hugh had the backing of the Republic of Genoa. In 1189, however, Peter made peace with Genoa and swore fealty to the Republic ''salva domini pape fidelitate''. In 1192, a compromise was finally reached at Oristano whereby Arborea was divided between Peter and Hugh (Treaty of Oristano). In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
