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Joseph Couturier De Fournoue
Joseph Couturier de Fournoue ( — 29 June 1801) was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning a membership in the Society of Cincinnati and the knighthood in the Order of Saint Louis. Biography Fournoue joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 25 February 1758. In 1759, he served in the frigate ''Aréthuse'', and lost an arm. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 24 March 1772. He was first officer on the 64-gun ''Vengeur'', under Retz, and took part in the Battle of Rhode Island on 29 August 1778, the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779, and the Siege of Savannah in September and October 1779. He captained ''Vengeur'' in the Battle of Martinique on 18 December 1779. Promoted to Captain on 4 April 1780, he was then given command of ''Vengeur''. In June 1782, Fournoue captained the 64-gun ''Lion'' in the fleet under Córdova, taking part in the Battle of Cape Spartel. On 28 October 1786, he married Jeanne-Marie de Montalembert. In 1791, Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of American Independence
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of the United States, fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the United States Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriot (American Revolution), Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean. Established by royal charter in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American colonies were largely autonomous in domestic affairs and commercially prosperous, trading with Britain and its British West Indies, Caribbean colonies, as well as other European powers via their Caribbean entrepôts. After British vic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Martinique (1779)
The Battle of Martinique, or Combat de la Martinique, was a naval encounter on 18 December 1779 between a British 13-ship squadron under Admiral Hyde Parker and a three-ship French division under Admiral Lamotte-Picquet near the island of Martinique in the West Indies. In order to cover the retreat of a convoy under Joseph de Flotte chased by the British, the lone 74-gun ''Annibal'', under Lamotte-Picquet. For 90 minutes, ''Annibal'' single-handedly engaged the British squadron to block its advance, before she was joined by the two 64-guns, ''Vengeur'' and ''Réfléchi''. Ten to 11 of the transports were taken by the British or beached themselves to avoid capture, but the rest of the convoy of the escorting frigate ''Aurore'' managed to escape, and the division returned to its anchorage. Hyde Parker wrote Lamotte-Picquet a congratulation letter in the following days. Background In the autumn of 1779, a British fleet under Admiral Hyde Parker was anchored at St. Lucia, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Nymphe (1782)
''Nymphe'' was a 40-gun frigate of the French Navy. Career In January 1783, ''Nymphe'' was in the Caribbean, with . On 7, they captured the corvette HMS ''Raven''. On 17 February of the same year, ''Nymphe'' was with the 32-gun when she captured the 44-gun . On 20 January 1785, ''Nymphe'' arrived at Brest, ferrying Lafayette. In July 1792, she was under Coëtnempren de Kerdournan. Along with and , she sailed to Cayenne to ferry troops, as well as the new governor, Frédéric Joseph Guillot. She then returned to Lorient and was put in the ordinary. In July 1793, ''Nymphe'' was brought into active again under Lieutenant Pitot to fight the Chouan royalist insurgency. Fate On 30 December 1793, ''Nymphe'' was wrecked while battling Chouan coastal artillery near Noirmoutier Noirmoutier (also French language, French: Île de Noirmoutier, ; br, Nervouster, ) is a tidal island off the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of France in the Vendée Departments of France, departmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chef De Division
A chef is a trained professional cook and tradesman who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine. The word "chef" is derived from the term ''chef de cuisine'' (), the director or head of a kitchen. Chefs can receive formal training from an institution, as well as by apprenticing with an experienced chef. There are different terms that use the word ''chef'' in their titles, and deal with specific areas of food preparation. Examples include the ''sous-chef'', who acts as the second-in-command in a kitchen, and the ''chef de partie'', who handles a specific area of production. The kitchen brigade system is a hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, many of which use the word "chef" in their titles. Underneath the chefs are the ''kitchen assistants''. A chef's standard uniform includes a hat (called a ''toque''), neckerchief, double-breasted jacket, apron and sturdy shoes (that may include steel or plast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Cape Spartel
The Battle of Cape Spartel was an indecisive naval battle between a Franco-Spanish fleet under Admiral Luis de Córdova y Córdova and a British fleet under Admiral Richard Howe. These forces met on 20 October 1782 after Howe successfully resupplied Gibraltar, then under siege by Bourbon forces during the American Revolutionary War. Background When Spain entered the American War of Independence in 1779, one of its principal objectives was the capture of Gibraltar from Great Britain. Shortly after war was declared, forces of Spain and France began the Great Siege of Gibraltar, blockading land access to the peninsula and enacting a somewhat porous naval blockade. Britain successfully resupplied Gibraltar in both 1780 and 1781, and recognized the need to do so again in 1782. The matter was seen as a critical by British political and military leaders, because Spain was seeking cession of the territory in peace talks. The British Channel Fleet, which was under the command of Admi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis De Córdova Y Córdova
Admiral Luis de Córdova y Córdova (8 February 1706 – 29 July 1796) was a Spanish admiral. He is best known for his command of the Spanish fleet during the Anglo-Spanish War. His best remembered actions were the capture of two merchant convoys totalling 79 ships between 1780 and 1782, including the capture of 55 ships from a convoy composed of Indiamen, and other cargo ships 60 leagues off Cape St. Vincent.Harbron, John: ''Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy.'' Conway Maritime Press, 1988, page 84. In 1782 he battled the Royal Navy to a stalemate at the Battle of Cape Spartel, but failed to prevent the British relieving the Great Siege of Gibraltar. Early life Córdova was born in Seville to don Juan de Córdova Lasso de la Vega y Puente, a mariner, navy captain, and knight of the Order of Calatrava, and doña Clemencia Fernández de Córdova Lasso de la Vega Veintimiglia, daughter of the Marquis of Vado del Maestre and first-cousin of her husband. He was baptised at San Mig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Lion (1752)
At least fourteen ships of the French Navy have been named ''Lion'': Ships named ''Lion'' * , a 36-gun ship of the line, bore the name during her career * , a 42-gun ship of the line, bore the name during her career * , a 40-gun ship of the line, bore the name during her career * (1694), a fireship * , a 64-gun ship of the line, lead ship of her class * , a 74-gun ship of the line renamed ''Marat'' before launch * (1794), a corvette A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper (or " rated") warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the slo ... * , a 74-gun ship of the line, bore the name during her career * , a ''Téméraire''-class ship of the line launched in 1804 and scuttled and burnt in 1809 * (1885), an * (1916), an armed trawler, ex-Brazilian ''Ernestina'' * , an armed boat * , a launched in 1929 and scuttled in 1942. * , a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Zodiaque (1756)
''Zodiaque'' was a 74-gun of the French Navy. Career Seven Years' War In 1757, ''Zodiaque'' was under d'Aché. on 5 June, she helped capture a British corvette. She took part in the Battle of Pondicherry on 10 September 1759. In 1760, she was under La Tullaye at Isle de France. Interwar In 1776, ''Zodiaque'' was under Du Chaffault, as flagship of his division in the Escadre d'évolution that year. War of American Independence In 1778, ''Zodiaque'' was in the First Division of the White squadron in the fleet under Orvilliers. She took part in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778 under La Porte Vézins, with Cicé-Champion as first officer. The year after, she was attached to the Armada of 1779. In 1780, ''Zodiaque'' was under Roquefeuil-Montpeyroux. On 6 June, she and ''Néréide'' captured the 10-gun British privateer cutter ''Prince of Wales''. In 1781, ''Zodiaque'' was at Brest under Retz. In 1782, ''Zodiaque'' was first under Senneville, and later under L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
74-gun
The "seventy-four" was a type of two- decked sailing ship of the line, which nominally carried 74 guns. It was developed by the French navy in the 1740s, replacing earlier classes of 60- and 62-gun ships, as a larger complement to the recently-developed 64-gun ships. Impressed with the performance of several captured French seventy-fours, the British Royal Navy quickly adopted similar designs, classing them as third rates. The type then spread to the Spanish, Dutch, Danish and Russian navies. The design was considered a good balance between firepower and sailing qualities. Hundreds of seventy-fours were constructed, becoming the dominant form of ship-of-the-line. They remained the mainstay of most major fleets into the early 19th century. From the 1820s, they began to be replaced by larger two-decked ships mounting more guns. However some seventy-fours remained in service until the late 19th century, when they were finally supplanted by ironclads. Standardising on a common ship s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Savannah
The siege of Savannah or the Second Battle of Savannah was an encounter of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in 1779. The year before, the city of Savannah, Georgia, had been captured by a British expeditionary corps under Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Campbell. The siege itself consisted of a joint Franco-American attempt to retake Savannah, from September 16 to October 18, 1779. On October 9 a major assault against the British siege works failed. During the attack, Polish nobleman Count Casimir Pulaski, leading the combined cavalry forces on the American side, was mortally wounded. With the failure of the joint attack, the siege was abandoned, and the British remained in control of Savannah until July 1782, near the end of the war. In 1779, more than 500 recruits from Saint-Domingue (the French colony which later became Haiti), under the overall command of French nobleman Charles Hector, Comte d'Estaing, fought alongside American colonial troops against the Britis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Cincinnati
The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States. Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers who served in the Continental Army. The Society has thirteen constituent societies in the United States and one in France. It was founded to perpetuate "the remembrance of this vast event" (the achievement of American Independence), "to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature," and "to render permanent the cordial affection subsisting among the officers" of the Continental Army who served in the Revolutionary War. Now in its third century, the Society promotes public interest in the Revolution through its library and museum collections, publications, and other activities. It is the oldest patriotic, hereditary society in America. History The Society is named after Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, who left ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Grenada
The Battle of Grenada took place on 6 July 1779 during the American Revolutionary War in the West Indies between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy, just off the coast of Grenada. The British fleet of Admiral John Byron (the grandfather of Lord Byron) had sailed in an attempt to relieve Grenada, which the French forces of the Comte D'Estaing had just captured. Incorrectly believing he had numerical superiority, Byron ordered a general chase to attack the French as they left their anchorage at Grenada. Because of the disorganized attack and the French superiority, the British fleet was badly mauled in the encounter, although no ships were lost on either side. Naval historian Alfred Thayer Mahan described the British loss as "the most disastrous ... that the British Navy had encountered since Beachy Head, in 1690." Background Following the entry of France into the American War of Independence as an American ally in early 1778, French Admiral the Comte D'Estaing arr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
