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John Somerset
John Somerset or Somerseth (died 1454) was an English physician and administrator. He was born in London and attended Oxford University, but moved to Cambridge University to avoid the plague, graduating master in 1418. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, appointed him master of the grammar school at Bury St Edmunds and just five years later he was named as a governor of a proposed joint college of medicine and surgery in London. Somerset worked on the college with Thomas Morstede and Gilbert Kymer until its plans collapsed in November 1424. In 1427 he was found a place in the royal household as physician and tutor to the young Henry VI. In 1442 he became the first medical man to sit in parliament, as a knight of the shire for Middlesex. In 1439 he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer and Warden of the Royal Mint. Somerset's tenure as Chancellor and Warden occurred during the Great Bullion Famine The Great Bullion Famine was a shortage of precious metals that struck Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Morstede
Thomas Morstede (fl. c. 1411–1450) was an esquire and English surgeon who served the three successive kings, Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI of England. He was described by Theodore Beck as the "most eminent English surgeon of the fifteenth century". Family Thomas Morstede was the son of Thomas and Alianora Morstede from Betchworth, Surrey. After the death of his first wife, Juliana, Morstede married Elizabeth Michell in 1431. She was the widow of his wealthy friend, William Fitzharry, and the daughter of John Michell. John Michell had been an alderman since 1413, a sheriff from 1414 to 1415 and a Lord Mayor in 1424–45. As well as this, he had been a Member of Parliament for London on six occasions and thus an influential father-in-law to Morstede. There are many other people with whom Morstede had valuable friendships during his lifetime. One notable example is in the gift of "10 marks sterling, his English book bound with two latitudinibus and all his instruments of su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert Kymer
Gilbert Kymer (died 1463) was Dean of Salisbury Cathedral, Chancellor of Oxford University, and a physician. Kymer was educated at the University of Oxford. He was a proctor of the University (1412–13) and Principal of Hart Hall, Oxford (1412–14). He was twice Chancellor of Oxford University. In 1423, Kymer attempted to found a conjoint college of surgeons and physicians with John Somerset and Thomas Morstede. The plans for this collapsed in November 1424. In 1427, Kymer became Dean of Wimborne Minster (in Dorset). In 1449, he became Dean of Salisbury (in Wiltshire), where he occupied Leaden Hall. He was the physician in the household of Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester. He attended King Henry VI Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne a ... as a physician ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knight Of The Shire
Knight of the shire ( la, milites comitatus) was the formal title for a member of parliament (MP) representing a county constituency in the British House of Commons, from its origins in the medieval Parliament of England until the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 ended the practice of each county (or '' shire'') forming a single constituency. The corresponding titles for other MPs were ''burgess'' in a borough constituency (or '' citizen'' if the borough had city status) and ''baron'' for a Cinque Ports constituency. Knights of the shire had more prestige than burgesses, and sitting burgesses often stood for election for the shire in the hope of increasing their standing in Parliament. The name "knight of the shire" originally implied that the representative had to be a knight, and the writ of election referred to a belted knight until the 19th century; but by the 14th century men who were not knights were commonly elected. An act of Henry VI stipulated that those eligible ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middlesex (UK Parliament Constituency)
Middlesex was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, then of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until abolished in 1885. It returned two members per election by various voting systems including hustings. Boundaries and boundary changes This county constituency until 1832 covered all the historic county of Middlesex, in south-eastern England, comprising Spelthorne, Poyle, South Mimms and Potters Bar in other modern counties, together with the north, west, and north-west sectors of the present-day Greater London. Apart from the ability of some voters to participate in the borough franchises of the cities of London and Westminster (after dates of their inception, see top right or below), it gave rise to three more urban offshoot divisions in 1832, one of which was split in two at the next national review or reform, in 1868. Its southern boundary was the River Thames. The c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chancellor Of The Exchequer
The chancellor of the Exchequer, often abbreviated to chancellor, is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and head of His Majesty's Treasury. As one of the four Great Offices of State, the Chancellor is a high-ranking member of the British Cabinet. Responsible for all economic and financial matters, the role is equivalent to that of a finance minister in other countries. The chancellor is now always Second Lord of the Treasury as one of at least six lords commissioners of the Treasury, responsible for executing the office of the Treasurer of the Exchequer the others are the prime minister and Commons government whips. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, it was common for the prime minister also to serve as Chancellor of the Exchequer if he sat in the Commons; the last Chancellor who was simultaneously prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer was Stanley Baldwin in 1923. Formerly, in cases when the chancellorship was vacant, the L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warden Of The Royal Mint
Warden of the Mint was a high-ranking position at the Royal Mint in England from 1216 to 1829. The warden was responsible for a variety of minting procedures and acted as the immediate representative of the current monarch inside the mint. The role of warden changed greatly through history with the original task being the receiving, assay and payment for bullion, while later evolving into more of an administerial role. The office received a yearly emolument of £500 and up until 1685 wardens were given tenure meaning many wardens died while in office. Although technically subordinate to the Master of the Mint whose jobs was act as a contractor to the crown many wardens advanced later on to become Master of the Mint with some wardens holding both offices at the same time. The most illustrious holder of the office of Warden of the Mint was Isaac Newton, who was warranted to this position on the recommendation of his friend, Montagu, Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1698. In 1699 how ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Bullion Famine
The Great Bullion Famine was a shortage of precious metals that struck Europe in the 15th century, with the worst years of the famine lasting from 1457 to 1464. During the Middle Ages, gold and silver coins saw widespread use as currency in Europe, and facilitated trade with the Middle East and Asia; the shortage of these metals therefore became a problem for European economies. The main cause for the bullion famine was outflow of silver to the East unequaled by European mining output, although 15th century contemporaries believed the bullion famine to be caused by hoarding. The discovery of the Americas with its silver and gold, along with innovations in mining techniques, and the Portuguese gaining access to African gold ended the bullion famine. Background The main cause for the bullion famine was outflow of silver to the East unequaled by European mining output. The historian John Day supports this theory stating the loss of gold and silver was due to large-scale trading wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Slump (15th Century)
The Great Slump was an economic depression that occurred in England from the 1430s to the 1480s. History The Great Slump occurred in England between approximately 1440 and 1480. The economic slowdown began in the 1430s in Northern England, spreading south in the 1440s, with the economy not recovering until the 1480s.Hicks, p.50. The Great Slump took place against a wider trading crisis in Northern Europe, driven by shortages of silver, essential for the money supply, and a breakdown in trade. Some accounts refer to the event as a "credit crunch". Some scholars blamed the slump on the effects of the Hundred Years' War and the economic blockades suffered by England due to its predations in France and its wars with Spain and the Hanseatic League. It was also said to be driven by multiple harvest failures in the 1430s and disease amongst livestock, that drove up the price of food and damaged the wider economy. Starting 1368 China's Ming Dynasty reversion to silver currency from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1454 Deaths
Year 1454 ( MCDLIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February 4 – Thirteen Years' War: The Secret Council of the Prussian Confederation sends a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master, and the citizens of Toruń rebel against the Teutonic Knights, beginning the conflict. * March 6 – Casimir IV of Poland renounces allegiance to the Teutonic Knights. * March 27 – Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, becomes Protector for King Henry VI of England, who is in a catatonic state. * April 9 – Treaty of Lodi: Francesco Sforza forms a triple alliance between the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Florence and Kingdom of Naples. * August – In Moldavia, Petru Aron retakes the throne from Alexăndrel. * September 18 – Thirteen Years' War – Battle of Chojnice: The Polish army is defeated by a smaller but more professional Teutonic army. * Dece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politicians From London
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a politician can be anyone who seeks to achieve political power in a government. Identity Politicians are people who are politically active, especially in party politics. Political positions range from local governments to state governments to federal governments to international governments. All ''government leaders'' are considered politicians. Media and rhetoric Politicians are known for their rhetoric, as in speeches or campaign advertisements. They are especially known for using common themes that allow them to develop their political positions in terms familiar to the voters. Politicians of necessity become expert users of the media. Politicians in the 19th century made heavy use of newspapers, magazines, and pamphlets, as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English MPs 1442
English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national identity, an identity and common culture ** English language in England, a variant of the English language spoken in England * English languages (other) * English studies, the study of English language and literature * ''English'', an Amish term for non-Amish, regardless of ethnicity Individuals * English (surname), a list of notable people with the surname ''English'' * People with the given name ** English McConnell (1882–1928), Irish footballer ** English Fisher (1928–2011), American boxing coach ** English Gardner (b. 1992), American track and field sprinter Places United States * English, Indiana, a town * English, Kentucky, an unincorporated community * English, Brazoria County, Texas, an unincorporated community * Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chancellors Of The Exchequer Of England
Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court, which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion). Nowadays the term is most often used to describe: *The head of the government *A person in charge of foreign affairs *A person with duties related to justice *A person in charge of financial and economic issues *The head of a university Governmental positions Head of government Austria The Chancellor of Austria, denominated ' for males and ' for females, is the title of the head of the Government of Austria. Since 2021, the Chancellor of Austria is Karl Nehammer. Germany The Chancellor of Germany, denominat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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