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John Bascom Wolfe
John Bascom Wolfe (July 8, 1904 – January 5, 1988) was an American social and behavioural psychologist best known for his study of the use of a token economy on chimpanzees. Born: Dryden, Virginia on July 8, 1904. Married Lillian Schuck (Yale Ph.D. and board certified clinical psychologist, August 31, 1933). Children: Ann Lee Wolfe Little and Lyn Janette Wolfe Wickelgren. Education: A.M. in Mathematics, Emory and Henry College 1925; A.M., University of Virginia, 1929; Ph.D. in Psychology, University of Illinois, 1932. Jobs/Positions: National Research Council Fellow at the Yale University Yerkes Primate Lab, 1932–1936. Faculty member in Mathematics and Coach of Football, Basketball, and Baseball at Union College, Barbourville, KY 1926–1929. Professor of Psychology and Chair, University of Mississippi, 1936–1969. While Chair he instituted the Ph.D. program in experimental psychology and, with his wife, Lillian Wolfe, as the primary clinician on the faculty the APA ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryden, Virginia
Dryden is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, Virginia, United States. The population was 1,208 at the 2010 census. History The Dryden post office was established in 1879. The community was named for Captain Dryden, a railroad official. Geography Dryden is located in northeastern Lee County at (36.775836, −82.944157). The community is concentrated in an area just off U.S. Route 58 Alternate northeast of Pennington Gap and southwest of Big Stone Gap. Dryden's southern border is the Powell River, and parts of the Jefferson National Forest lie to the north. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Dryden CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 1.51%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,253 people, 453 households, and 329 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 175.9 people per square mile (67.9/km2). There were 507 housing units at an average density of 71.2/sq mi (27.5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emory & Henry Wasps Football
The Emory & Henry Wasps (also E&H Wasps) are the athletic teams that represent Emory & Henry College, located in Emory, Virginia, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Wasps will compete as members of the South Atlantic Conference as they plan to start playing a full SAC schedule in 2022–23. Altogether, Emory & Henry sponsors 26 sports: 11 men's teams, 11 women's teams, and 4 co-ed teams. Emory & Henry previously competed as members of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference (ODAC) of NCAA Division III from 1976–77 to 2020–21. History NCAA investigation The Emory & Henry football team came under investigation for alleged violations of NCAA bylaws in 2014. The allegations came to public attention after the resignation of former coach Don Montgomery from the football program and departure of the College's president, Dr. Rosalind Reichard. The student newspaper reported that allegations were due to lack of "institutional control" of the athletic department Mascot The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union (Kentucky) Bulldogs Football
The Union Bulldogs football program represents Union College of Barbourville, Kentucky in college football. They are football-only members of the Mid-South Conference and compete at the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) level. The head coach is John Luttrell. History The program dates back to 1905, when it played three games against Williamsburg Institute. After the 1905 season, the program did not field a team for the next 16 years from 1906 to 1921. The program resumed in 1922 and experienced a period of significant success during a 13-year period under coach J. R. Bacon from 1929 to 1941, including a 5–0–2 season in 1934. Union beat the Louisville Cardinals in the first four meetings between the two programs from 1932 to 1935, before losing in 1936. The program was shut down in 1942 due to the lack of players during World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union (Kentucky) Bulldogs
The Union Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs are the athletic teams that represent Union College, located in Barbourville, Kentucky, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Appalachian Athletic Conference (AAC) for most of its sports since the 2002–03 academic year; while its men's & women's bowling and archery teams compete in the Mid-South Conference (MSC), which they previously competed as a full member from 1995–96 to 2001–02. Varsity teams Union College competes in 22 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country, football, golf, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball; and co-ed sports include archery and cheerleading. Former sports included men's lacrosse, co-ed cycling and co-ed d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people or by social norms. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions. History Although issues in social psychology have been discussed in philosophy for much of human history, the scientific discipline of social psychology formally began in the late 19th to early 20th century. 19th century In the 19th century, social psychology began to emerge from the larger field of psychology. At the time, many psychologists were concerned with developing concrete explanations for the different aspects of human nature. They attempted to discover concrete cause-and-effect relationships that explained social interactions. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behavioural Psychology
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex evoked by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Although behaviorists generally accept the important role of heredity in determining behavior, they focus primarily on environmental events. Behaviorism emerged in the early 1900s as a reaction to depth psychology and other traditional forms of psychology, which often had difficulty making predictions that could be tested experimentally, but derived from earlier research in the late nineteenth century, such as when Edward Thorndike pioneered the law of effect, a procedure that involved the use of consequences to strengthen or weaken behavior. With a 1924 publication, John B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Token Economy
A token economy is a system of contingency management based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior. The reinforcers are symbols or tokens that can be exchanged for other reinforcers. A token economy is based on the principles of operant conditioning and behavioral economics and can be situated within applied behavior analysis. In applied settings token economies are used with children and adults; however, they have been successfully modeled with pigeons in lab settings. Basic requirements Three requirements are basic for a token economy: tokens, back-up reinforcers, and specified target behaviours. : ''The Token Economy. A review and evaluation''. New York: Plenum Press, 1977. Tokens Tokens must be used as reinforcers to be effective. A token is an object or symbol that can be exchanged for material reinforcers, services, or privileges (back-up reinforcers). In applied settings, a wide range of tokens have been used: coins, checkmarks, images of small suns or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Chimpanzee
The chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes''), also known as simply the chimp, is a species of Hominidae, great ape native to the forest and savannah of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed subspecies. When its close relative the bonobo was more commonly known as the pygmy chimpanzee, this species was often called the common chimpanzee or the robust chimpanzee. The chimpanzee and the bonobo are the only species in the genus Pan (genus), ''Pan''. Evidence from fossils and DNA sequencing shows that ''Pan'' is a sister taxon to the Human evolution, human lineage and is humans' closest living relative. The chimpanzee is covered in coarse black hair, but has a bare face, fingers, toes, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. It is larger and more Robustness (morphology), robust than the bonobo, weighing for males and for females and standing . The chimpanzee lives in groups that range in size from 15 to 150 members, although individuals travel and forag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigma Xi
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society () is a highly prestigious, non-profit honor society for scientists and engineers. Sigma Xi was founded at Cornell University by a junior faculty member and a small group of graduate students in 1886, making it one of the oldest honor societies. Membership in Sigma Xi is by invitation only, where members nominate others on the basis of their research achievements or potential. Sigma Xi goals aim to honor excellence in scientific investigation and encourage cooperation among researchers in all fields of science and engineering. Information about Sigma Xi has nearly 100,000 members who were elected to membership based on their research achievements and potential. It has more than 500 chapters in North America and around the world. In addition to publishing ''American Scientist'' magazine, Sigma Xi provides grants annually to promising young researchers and sponsors a variety of programs supporting ethics in research, science and engineer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1904 Births
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20 * one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album ''63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle. * "Nineteen", a song by Bad4Good from the 1992 album '' Refugee'' * "Nineteen", a song by Karma to Burn from the 2001 album ''Almost Heathen''. * "Nineteen" (song), a 2007 song by American singer Billy Ray Cyrus. * "Nineteen", a song by Tegan and Sara from the 2007 album '' The Con''. * "XIX" (song), a 2014 song by Slipk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Deaths
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Bicentennial on January 26; The 1988 Summer Olympics are held in Seoul, South Korea; Soviet troops begin their withdrawal from Afghanistan, which is completed the next year; The 1988 Armenian earthquake kills between 25,000-50,000 people; The 8888 Uprising in Myanmar, led by students, protests the Burma Socialist Programme Party; A bomb explodes on Pan Am Flight 103, causing the plane to crash down on the town of Lockerbie, Scotland- the event kills 270 people., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Piper Alpha rect 200 0 400 200 Iran Air Flight 655 rect 400 0 600 200 Australian Bicentenary rect 0 200 300 400 Pan Am Flight 103 rect 300 200 600 400 1988 Summer Olympics rect 0 400 200 600 8888 Uprising rect 200 400 400 600 1988 Armenian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
