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Johann Natterer
Johann Natterer (9 November 1787 – 17 June 1843) was an Austrian naturalist and explorer. Family and early life Johann Natterer was born on 9 November 1787, the son of the animal-zoologist Joseph Natterer Sr. and Maria Anna Theresia Schober (his mother), the daughter of a master baker from Laxenburg. He had a brother (Joseph Natterer, 1776–1852). Joseph Natterer Sr. was the last mounted falconer of Austria. When Emperor Franz I dissolved the falconry (''Falknerei'') in Laxenburg, he bought the collection of Joseph Natterer Sr. This contained numerous domestic birds, mammals, and insects, and Franz I assigned it the further support and the development of the collection. The collection was brought in 1794 to Vienna and incorporated in the ''Tiercabinet'' with the ''k.k physical-astronomical'' as well as the ''Kunstcabinet''. The collection was soon made accessible to the public, however without scientific or didactic value. Joseph Natterer Sr. introduced both his sons to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Natterer
Johann Natterer (9 November 1787 – 17 June 1843) was an Austrian naturalist and explorer. Family and early life Johann Natterer was born on 9 November 1787, the son of the animal-zoologist Joseph Natterer Sr. and Maria Anna Theresia Schober (his mother), the daughter of a master baker from Laxenburg. He had a brother (Joseph Natterer, 1776–1852). Joseph Natterer Sr. was the last mounted falconer of Austria. When Emperor Franz I dissolved the falconry (''Falknerei'') in Laxenburg, he bought the collection of Joseph Natterer Sr. This contained numerous domestic birds, mammals, and insects, and Franz I assigned it the further support and the development of the collection. The collection was brought in 1794 to Vienna and incorporated in the ''Tiercabinet'' with the ''k.k physical-astronomical'' as well as the ''Kunstcabinet''. The collection was soon made accessible to the public, however without scientific or didactic value. Joseph Natterer Sr. introduced both his sons to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bororoan Languages
The Borôroan languages of Brazil are Borôro and the extinct Umotína and Otuke. They are sometimes considered to form part of the proposed Macro-Jê language family, though this has been disputed. They are called the Borotuke languages by Mason (1950), a portmanteau of Bororo and Otuke. Languages The relationship between the languages is, * Umotina ''(†)'' *Otuke–Bororo ** Borôro **? Bororo of Cabaçal ''(†)'' ** Otuke ''(†)'', Gorgotoqui ''(†)'' ? Gorgotoqui may have also been a Bororoan language.Combès, Isabelle. 2010. ''Diccionario étnico: Santa Cruz la Vieja y su entorno en el siglo XVI''. Cochabamba: Itinera-rios/Instituto Latinoamericano de Misionología. (Colección Scripta Autochtona, 4.)Combès, Isabelle. 2012. Susnik y los gorgotoquis: Efervescencia étnica en la Chiquitania (Oriente boliviano), p. 201–220. ''Indiana'', v. 29. Berlín. See Otuke for various additional varieties of the Chiquito Plains in Bolivia which may have been dialects o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoologist
Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek , ('animal'), and , ('knowledge', 'study'). Although humans have always been interested in the natural history of the animals they saw around them, and made use of this knowledge to domesticate certain species, the formal study of zoology can be said to have originated with Aristotle. He viewed animals as living organisms, studied their structure and development, and considered their adaptations to their surroundings and the function of their parts. The Greek physician Galen studied human anatomy and was one of the greatest surgeons of the ancient world, but after the fall of the Western Roman Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philodryas
''Philodryas'' is a genus of colubrid snakes endemic to South America, commonly called green snakes. Description Species in the genus ''Philodryas'' share the following characters: Head distinct from neck, with distinct ''canthus rostralis''. Eye moderate or large. Pupil round. Body cylindrical or slightly laterally compressed. Tail long. Dorsal scales arranged in 17 to 23 rows at midbody, more or less obliquely. Subcaudals divided (in two rows). Maxillary teeth smallest anteriorly, 12–15, followed after a gap by two large grooved fangs located just behind the posterior border of the eye. Venom Although colubrid snakes are usually harmless to humans, ''Philodryas'' are opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) snakes Boulenger GA (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ...'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxiv + 727 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lystrophis
''Lystrophis'' is the genus of tricolored South American hognose snakes. They mimic milk snakes or coral snakes with their red, black, and white ringed patterns. Species The genus ''Lystrophis'' contains five species that are recognized as being valid. *''Lystrophis dorbignyi'' ( A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – southern Brazil and southern Paraguay to Argentina *''Lystrophis histricus'' (Jan, 1863) – southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay to northeastern Argentina *'' Lystrophis nattereri'' ( Steindachner, 1867) – southern Brazil *''Lystrophis pulcher'' (Jan, 1863) – southern South America, parts of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia *'' Lystrophis semicinctus'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – central Argentina to southern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil Freiberg M (1982). ''Snakes of South America''. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. . (Genus ''Lystrophis'', p. 103). ''Lystrophis dorbignyi'' is the type species for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natterer's Bat
Natterer's bat (''Myotis nattereri'') is a European vespertilionid bat with pale wings. It has brown fur tending to greyish-white on its underside. It is found across most of the continent of Europe, parts of the Near East and North Africa. It feeds on insects and other invertebrates which it catches on the wing or pursues on the ground. In summer it roosts in deciduous and coniferous trees, buildings or bat boxes close to its feeding habitats. In winter it hibernates in caves, tunnels, mines or cellars, usually hiding in crevices. This bat was first described in 1817 by Heinrich Kuhl, who named it in honour of the Austrian naturalist Johann Natterer. Description Natterer's bat is a medium-sized species and grows to a head and body length of with a forearm (elbow to wrist) length of . It weighs between . The short, dense fur on the dorsal (upper) surface of head and body is greyish-brown while the ventral (under) surface is whitish-grey. The ears and the wing membranes are sm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natterer's Slaty Antshrike
Natterer's slaty antshrike (''Thamnophilus stictocephalus'') is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in northern Bolivia (Beni Department and Santa Cruz Department) and Brazil (in the southern Amazon between the Tocantins River, Xingu, Tapajós, and Madeira Rivers). It was previously included in the widespread slaty antshrike (''T. punctatus''), but following the split, this scientific name is now restricted to the northern slaty antshrike. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Natterer's slaty antshrike was described by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1868 and given its current binomial name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ... ''Thamnophilus stictoce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupian Languages
The Tupi or Tupian language family comprises some 70 languages spoken in South America, of which the best known are Tupi proper and Guarani. Homeland and ''urheimat'' Rodrigues (2007) considers the Proto-Tupian urheimat to be somewhere between the Guaporé and Aripuanã rivers, in the Madeira River basin. Much of this area corresponds to the modern-day state of Rondônia, Brazil. 5 of the 10 Tupian branches are found in this area, as well as some Tupi–Guarani languages (especially Kawahíb), making it the probable urheimat of these languages and maybe of its speaking peoples. Rodrigues believes the Proto-Tupian language dates back to around 3,000 BC. Language contact Tupian languages have extensively influenced many language families in South America. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawa, Bora-Muinane, Guato, Irantxe, Jivaro, Karib, Kayuvava, Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Trumai, Yanomami, Harakmbet, Katukina-Katawixi, Arawak, Bororo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arawakan Languages
Arawakan (''Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper''), also known as Maipurean (also ''Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre''), is a language family that developed among ancient indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Almost all present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, the exceptions being Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock. Name The name ''Maipure'' was given to the family by Filippo S. Gilij in 1782, after the Maipure language of Venezuela, which he used as a basis of his comparisons. It was renamed after the culturally more important Arawak language a century later. The term ''Arawak'' took over, until its use was extended by North American scholars to the broader Macro-Arawaka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutions Of 1848 In The Austrian Empire
The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Romanians, Croats, Venetians and Serbs; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the simultaneous events in the German states, which moved toward greater German national unity. Besides these nationalists, liberal and even socialist currents resisted the Empire's longstanding conservatism. Preamble The events of 1848 were the product of mounting social and political tensions after the Congress of Vienna of 1815. During the "pre-March" period, the already conservative Austrian Empire moved furthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hofburg Fire
The term "Hofburg fire" "Pervasive 2004, April 21–23, Linz / Vienna, Austria" (Hofburg history), Pervasive 2004, April 2004, Pervasive2004.org webpage: pervasive2004-Hofburg-fire refers to any of several major fires that burned in the ''Hofburg'' (Royal Court section) of Vienna, Austria. The Hofburg area has been the documented seat of government since 1279. "Hofburg, Wien" (history), ''Encyclopedia of Austria'', Aeiou Project, 2006, webpage: Aeiou-Hofburg-English Each fire destroyed different parts of the Hofburg, in different centuries, and can be termed the "Hofburg fire" due to the historical impact during a particular century: * 26 November 1992during the night of 26–27 November 1992, a large fire originated in the Hofburg in the area of the Redoutensäle on Joseph Square (''Josefsplatz''). A part of the roof as well as that of the upper floor burned completely down. The Spanische Hofreitschule and the Austrian National Library were in dang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South American Lungfish
The South American lungfish (''Lepidosiren paradoxa'') is the single species of lungfish found in swamps and slow-moving waters of the Amazon, Paraguay, and lower Paraná River basins in South America. Notable as an obligate air-breather, it is the sole member of its family Lepidosirenidae. Relatively little is known about the South American lungfish. Additional common names include American mud-fish and scaly salamanderfish. The South American Lungfish have adapted to cope with both droughts and floods. This is normal due to the South American Lungfish adapting pulmonary mechanoreceptors. In Brazil, it is known by the indigenous language Tupi name , which means "snake-fish" (), and synonyms (), (), and (). The immature lungfish is spotted with gold on a black background; in the adult, this fades to a brown or gray color.Animal-worldSouth American Lungfish./ref> Its tooth-bearing premaxillary and maxillary bones are fused as in all Dipnoi. South American lungfish also share ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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