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Jinshi
''Jinshi'' () was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referred to in English-language sources as Imperial Scholars. The ''jinshi'' degree was first created after the institutionalization of the civil service exam. Initially it had been "for six categories" but was later consolidated into a single degree. This system first appeared during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Throughout the Tang Dynasty, every year around one to two percent of test takers would obtain a ''jinshi'' title out of a total of one to two thousand test takers. The numbers of ''Jinshi'' degrees given out were increased in the Song Dynasty, and the examinations were given every three years. Most senior officials of the Song Dynasty were ''jinshi'' holders. The Ming Dynasty resumed the civil-service exam after its occurrence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Examination
The imperial examination (; lit. "subject recommendation") refers to a civil-service examination system in Imperial China, administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty (581–618) then into the Tang dynasty of 618–907. The system became dominant during the Song dynasty (960–1279) and lasted for almost a millennium until its abolition in the late Qing dynasty reforms in 1905. Aspects of the imperial examination still exist for entry into the civil service of contemporary China, in both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). The exams served to ensure a common knowledge of writing, Chinese classics, and literary style among state officials. This common culture helped to unify the empire, and the ideal of achievement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chen Zi'ang
Chen Zi'ang (, 661 (or 656)–702), courtesy name Boyu (), was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty. He was important in helping to bring into being the type of poetry which is considered to be characteristically "Tang". Dissatisfied with the current state of the affairs of poetry at the time, almost paradoxically, by keeping his eye on the remote antiquity he helped usher in a new age of Chinese poetry (see quote below). He would soon be followed by such poets of the golden age of Tang poetry as Wang Wei, Li Bai, and Du Fu. Biography A native of Shehong County in modern Sichuan province, Chen Zi'ang was the son of a rich man, and did not travel to the capital to take his exams until he was in his twenties. He completed the Jinshi level of the Imperial Examination at age twenty-four. Having arrived in the capital metropolis, Chen suddenly called attention to his poetry, by expensive and elaborate means: startling the spectators in the marketplace, he paid the asking price of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Changqing
Liu Changqing (; 709–785), courtesy name Wenfang () was a Chinese poet and politician during the Tang dynasty. Eleven of his poems were collected in the popular anthology ''Three Hundred Tang Poems''. Biography Liu Changqing was born around either 710 or 725. He came from the city of Xuancheng. His ancestral hometown was Hejian. Most of his youth was spent in the city of Luoyang. Liu obtained his Jinshi title around 750s. In 780, he became the governor of Suizhou in Henan province. Because of his term in Suizhou, Liu was often called Liu Suizhou by his contemporaries. He died around 786. Poetry Liu's poems did not receive much praise during his lifetime although he was one of the representative poets during the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang. However, he was gradually acknowledged by later generations. Liu was especially skillful on the writing of poems with 5 characters.《唐诗大辞典》 An example of his poetry can be seen below: See also * Guqin history (include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yan Zhenqing
Yan Zhenqing (; 709–785) was a Chinese calligrapher, military general, and politician. He was a leading Chinese calligrapher and a loyal governor of the Tang dynasty. His artistic accomplishment in Chinese calligraphy is equal to that of the greatest master calligraphers of history, and his regular script style, ''Yan'', is often imitated. Biography Early life Yan Zhenqing was born in Wannian (), near the Tang capital Chang'an, to a highly reputed academic family which served the court for many generations. One of his ancestors was Yan Zhitui, a scholar-official during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. His great-great-grandfather Yan Shigu was a famous linguist while his father Yan Weizhen () was private tutor to the Tang princes' and a great calligrapher himself. Under the influence of family tradition and the strict instruction of his mother, Lady Yin (), Yan Zhenqing worked hard from childhood and was well-read in literature and Confucianism. In 734, at the age of 22, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhuangyuan
''Zhuangyuan'', or ''trạng nguyên'' in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination, (in the Tang dynasty) and (in the Song dynasty) in ancient China and Vietnam. In China, Fu Shanxiang is known as the first (and last) female zhuangyuan ''(nü zhuangyuan'') in Chinese history, but under the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, not the regular imperial exams. After the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing, they offered an exam for women in January 1853 in which Fu attained the highest score. In Vietnam, the first trạng nguyên in history was Lê Văn Thịnh, who lived in the Lý dynasty era and was the one who persuaded the Song to give back 6 districts of Quảng Nguyên (today Hà Giang province) to Vietnam. The first female trạng nguyên ''(nữ trạng nguyên'') is Nguyễn Thị Duệ who later become a consort of the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lu Lun
Lu Lun (, 739–799) was a Chinese poet of the Middle Tang dynasty, with six of his poems being included in the famous anthology ''Three Hundred Tang Poems'', as well as being mentioned in one poem, by Sikong Shu, which was translated by Witter Bynner as "When Lu Lun My Cousin Comes For The Night". His courtesy name is Yun Yan (). Biography Lu Lun was born around 748. His ancestral home was Fanyang, now in modern southwest Beijing, China. He was born in what is now Yongji, Shanxi. He was prevented from assuming his governmental appointment, following his receiving the ''Jinshi'' degree in the Imperial examination system, by the disorders associated with the An Shi Rebellion, which caused him to flee for refuge to Jiangxi. He died around 799. Poetry As a poet, Lu Lun is known for continuing the Frontier fortress genre of Tang poetry (along with Li Yi), begun earlier by the "Borders and Frontier Fortress Poets Group" (边塞诗派), in which are included Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhuangyuan
''Zhuangyuan'', or ''trạng nguyên'' in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination, (in the Tang dynasty) and (in the Song dynasty) in ancient China and Vietnam. In China, Fu Shanxiang is known as the first (and last) female zhuangyuan ''(nü zhuangyuan'') in Chinese history, but under the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, not the regular imperial exams. After the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing, they offered an exam for women in January 1853 in which Fu attained the highest score. In Vietnam, the first trạng nguyên in history was Lê Văn Thịnh, who lived in the Lý dynasty era and was the one who persuaded the Song to give back 6 districts of Quảng Nguyên (today Hà Giang province) to Vietnam. The first female trạng nguyên ''(nữ trạng nguyên'') is Nguyễn Thị Duệ who later become a consort of the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Changling
Wang Changling (; 698–756) was a major Tang dynasty poet. His courtesy name was Shaobo (). He was originally from Taiyuan in present-day Shanxi province, according to the editors of the ''Three Hundred Tang Poems'', although other sources claim that he was actually from Jiangning near modern-day Nanjing. After passing the prestigious jinshi examination, he became a secretarial official and later held other imperial positions, including that of an official posting to Sishui (), in what is currently Xingyang, in Henan province. Near the end of his life he was appointed as a minister of Jiangning county. He died in the An Lushan Rebellion; between the 10th month of the 14th year of the ''Tianbao'' era (755 CE) and the second year of the ''Zhide'' era (757 CE), he was executed by the Tang official Lü Qiuxiao (闾丘晓). When Lü later was sentenced to death by another official Zhang Hao (张镐), he pleaded for mercy, citing the fact that he had kin to take care of. Zhang's reto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
