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Jinapañjara
The Jinapanjara ( pi, jinapañjara; th, ชินบัญชร, ''Chinabanchon''), sometimes known in English as "The Cage of the Conqueror", is a post-canonical Buddhist Paritta chant. It is one of the most popular texts that is widely chanted in Thailand. It has existed since the end of the nineteenth century, from the time of the reign of Rama II. It is assumed that the Jinapanjara was authored by a Lanna Buddhist monk. Later, the monk Somdej Toh modified the incantation and made it more complete, by translating the content and curtailing some parts in the chant with unknown meaning. The text can also be found in Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Terminology The meaning of ''Jinapanjara'' is 'the armor of the Buddha'. ''Jinapanjara'' is the combination of two words, ''Jina'' meaning 'the winner', which is the Buddha, and ''Panjara'' meaning 'cage'. Thus, ''Jinapanjara'' means 'the cage (which is strong as a piece of armor) that can protect from any dangers and enemies'. History Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paritta
Paritta (Pali), generally translated as "protection" or "safeguard," refers to the Buddhist practice of reciting certain verses and scriptures in order to ward off misfortune or danger, as well as to the specific verses and discourses recited as paritta texts. The practice of reciting or listening to the paritta suttas began very early in the history of Buddhism. Uses In the Pali literature, these short verses are recommended by the Buddha as providing protection from certain afflictions. The belief in the effective power to heal, or protect, of the ''sacca-kiriya'', or asseveration of something quite true is an aspect of the work ascribed to the ''paritta''. It is also widely believed that all-night recitations of paritta by monks bring safety, peace and well-being to a community. Such recitations will also occur on auspicious occasions, such as the inauguration of a new temple or home or to provide blessings upon those who hear. Conversely, paritta discourses are recited o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paritta
Paritta (Pali), generally translated as "protection" or "safeguard," refers to the Buddhist practice of reciting certain verses and scriptures in order to ward off misfortune or danger, as well as to the specific verses and discourses recited as paritta texts. The practice of reciting or listening to the paritta suttas began very early in the history of Buddhism. Uses In the Pali literature, these short verses are recommended by the Buddha as providing protection from certain afflictions. The belief in the effective power to heal, or protect, of the ''sacca-kiriya'', or asseveration of something quite true is an aspect of the work ascribed to the ''paritta''. It is also widely believed that all-night recitations of paritta by monks bring safety, peace and well-being to a community. Such recitations will also occur on auspicious occasions, such as the inauguration of a new temple or home or to provide blessings upon those who hear. Conversely, paritta discourses are recited o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smot (chanting)
''Smot chanting'', or ''smot'' ( km, or ) is a chanting tradition performed primarily at funerals in Cambodia. It is associated with other various forms of Buddhist chanting used by Buddhism in Cambodia but distinct from both ''paritta'' chant and ''khatha'' used in Buddhist chant to proclaim the ''Dhammapada''. Etymology: the causative form of prayer ''Smot'' or ''smutr'' is a Khmer morphologic transformation of the sanskritic root ''sutra'', which refers to a set prayer or verse, with the causative infix which induces the active verb ''sot'' ( km, ), i.e. to pray, to become factitive, ''smot'' ( km, ), i.e. to cause one to pray. Similarly, ( km, ), i.e. to be deaf, becomes ( km, ), i.e. to make someone deaf. Esthetics: an experience of ''rasa ''beyond religious norms The content of ''smot'' reflects complex origins, where various animistic, Hindu and Buddhist traditions blend together. In contemporary Cambodia, according to Khmer scholar Khing Hoc Dy, ''smot'' fall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rama II Of Siam
Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai ( th, พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย, 24 February 1767 – 21 July 1824), personal name Chim ( th, ฉิม), also styled as Rama II, was the second monarch of Siam under the Chakri dynasty, ruling from 1809 to 1824. In 1809, Itsarasunthon succeeded his father Rama I, the founder of Chakri dynasty, as Loetlanaphalai the King of Siam. His reign was largely peaceful, devoid of major conflicts. His reign was known as the "Golden Age of Rattanakosin Literature" as Loetlanaphalai was patron to a number of poets in his court and the King himself was a renowned poet and artist. The most notable poet in his employ was the illustrious Sunthorn Phu, the author of ''Phra Aphai Mani''. Early life Chim was born in 1767 during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in Amphawa District, Samut Songkram. Chim was a son of Luang Yokkrabat of Ratchaburi and Nak of Samut Sakorn, as his father and mother was then known. They would later become King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanna
The Lan Na Kingdom ( nod, , , "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; th, อาณาจักรล้านนา, , ), also known as Lannathai, and most commonly called Lanna or Lanna Kingdom, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries. The cultural development of the Northern Thai people had begun long before as successive kingdoms preceded Lan Na. As a continuation of the kingdom of Ngoenyang, Lan Na emerged strong enough in the 15th century to rival the Ayutthaya Kingdom, with whom wars were fought. However, the Lan Na Kingdom was weakened and became a tributary state of the Taungoo Dynasty in 1558. Lan Na was ruled by successive vassal kings, though some enjoyed autonomy. The Burmese rule gradually withdrew but then resumed as the new Konbaung Dynasty expanded its influence. In 1775, Lan Na chiefs left the Burmese control to join Siam, leading to the Burmese–Siamese War (1775–76). Following the retreat of the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somdej Toh
Somdet To (1788–1872; B.E. 2331–2415), known formally as Somdet Phra Buddhacarya (To Brahmaramsi) ( th, สมเด็จพระพุฒาจารย์ (โต พฺรหฺมรํสี); ), was one of the most famous Buddhist monks during Thailand's Rattanakosin period and continues to be the most widely known saintly monk in Thailand. He is widely revered in Thailand as a monk who is said that he possessed spiritual powers and his amulets are widely sought after. His images and statues are some of the most popular religious icons in Bangkok. Biography Somdet To was born in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, the illegitimate son of King Rama II. He studied the Buddhist scriptures of the Pāli Canon with several Buddhist masters. After becoming a well-known monk, he became the preceptor for Prince Mongkut, later King Rama IV, when Mongkut became a monk. During Rama IV's reign Somdet To was given the ceremonial name Somdet Phra Buddhacarya (To Brahmaramsi – Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai (, from th, เชียงใหม่ , nod, , เจียงใหม่ ), sometimes written as Chiengmai or Chiangmai, is the largest city in northern Thailand, the capital of Chiang Mai province and the second largest city in Thailand. It is north of Bangkok in a mountainous region called the Thai highlands and has a population of 1.19 million people as of 2022, which is more than 66 percent of the total population of Chiang Mai province (1.8 million). Chiang Mai (meaning "New City" in Thai) was founded in 1296 as the new capital of Lan Na, succeeding the former capital, Chiang Rai. The city's location on the Ping River (a major tributary of the Chao Phraya River) and its proximity to major trading routes contributed to its historic importance. The city (''thesaban nakhon'', Thesaban#City-municipality, "city municipality") of Chiang Mai officially only covers most parts (40,2 km²) of the Mueang Chiang Mai district in the city centre and has a pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anawrahta
Anawrahta Minsaw ( my, အနော်ရထာ မင်းစော, ; 11 May 1014 – 11 April 1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire. Considered the father of the Burmese nation, Anawrahta turned a small principality in the dry zone of Upper Burma into the first Burmese Empire that formed the basis of modern-day Burma (Myanmar).Harvey 1925: 34Htin Aung 1967: 38 Historically verifiable Burmese history begins with his accession to the Pagan throne in 1044.Coedès 1968: 133, 148–149, 155 Anawrahta unified the entire Irrawaddy valley for the first time in history, and placed peripheral regions such as the Shan States and Arakan (Rakhine) under Pagan's suzerainty. He successfully stopped the advance of Khmer Empire into Tenasserim coastline and into Upper Menam valley, making Pagan one of two main kingdoms in mainland Southeast Asia. A strict disciplinarian, Anawrahta implemented a series of key social, religious and economic reforms that would have a lasting impact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animistic
Animism (from Latin: ' meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Potentially, animism perceives all things—animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather systems, human handiwork, and perhaps even words—as animated and alive. Animism is used in the anthropology of religion, as a term for the belief system of many Indigenous peoples, especially in contrast to the relatively more recent development of organized religions. Animism focuses on the metaphysical universe, with a specific focus on the concept of the immaterial soul. Although each culture has its own mythologies and rituals, animism is said to describe the most common, foundational thread of indigenous peoples' "spiritual" or "supernatural" perspectives. The animistic perspective is so widely held and inherent to most indigenous peoples, that they often do not even have a word in their languages that corresponds to "animism" (or even "relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awgatha
An ''Awgatha'' (ဩကာသ; from Pali: ''okāsa''), sometimes known as the ''common Buddhist prayer'' is a formulaic Burmese Buddhist prayer that is recited to initiate acts of Buddhist devotion, including obeisance to the Buddha and Buddhist monks and the water libation ritual. The term ''okāsa'' literally means "permission" in Pali, and is used to request permission to pay homage, seek forgiveness of any intentional and unintentional offenses, and precedes the undertaking of the Five Precepts. Minor variations of this Burmese language prayer exist from one Buddhist monastery to another. Okāsa explicitly references the gadaw of the Five Infinite Venerables (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha, parents and teachers). Standard prayer See also * Three Refuges * Five Precepts * Gadaw * Paritta * Prostration (Buddhism) * Buddhism in Myanmar Buddhism ( my, ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), specifically Theravāda Buddhism ( my, ထေရဝါဒဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), is the Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhist Chant
A Buddhist chant is a form of musical verse or incantation, in some ways analogous to religious recitations of other faiths. Traditional chanting In Buddhism, chanting is the traditional means of preparing the mind for meditation, especially as part of formal practice (in either a lay or monastic context). Some forms of Buddhism also use chanting for ritualistic purposes. While the basis for most Theravada chants is the Pali Canon, Mahayana and Vajrayana chants draw from a wider range of sources. Theravada chants In the Theravada tradition, chanting is usually done in Pali, sometimes with vernacular translations interspersed.Khantipalo (1982, 1995). Among the most popular Theravada chants are: :*Buddhabhivadana (Preliminary Reverence for the Buddha) :*Tisarana (The Three Refuges). Audio file at http://www.buddhanet.net/filelib/mp3/03-chant-03.mp3 :* Pancasila (The Five Precepts) :*Buddha Vandana (Salutation to the Buddha) :*Dhamma Vandana (Salutation to his Teaching) :*Sangha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samatha
''Samatha'' (Pāli; sa, शमथ ''śamatha''; ), "calm," "serenity," "tranquillity of awareness," and ''vipassanā'' (Pāli; Sanskrit ''vipaśyanā''), literally "special, super (''vi-''), seeing (''-passanā'')", are two qualities of the mind developed in tandem in Buddhist practice. In the Pali Canon and the Āgama they are not specific practices, but elements of "a single path," and "fulfilled" with the development (''bhāvanā'') of ''sati'' ("mindfulness") and '' jhana/dhyana'' ("meditation") and other path-factors. While ''jhana/dhyana'' has a central role in the Buddhist path, ''vipassanā'' is hardly mentioned separately, but mostly described along with ''samatha''. The '' Abhidhamma Pitaka'' and the commentaries describe samatha and vipassanā as two separate techniques, taking samatha to mean concentration-meditation, and ''vipassana'' as a practice to gain insight. In the Theravada-tradition, ''vipassanā'' is defined as a practice that seeks "insight into the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
