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Jigsaw (2017 Film)
''Jigsaw'' is a 2017 American horror film directed by the Spierig Brothers and written by Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger. It is the eighth installment in the ''Saw'' film series and stars Matt Passmore, Callum Keith Rennie, Clé Bennett, and Hannah Emily Anderson. The plot follows a group of people who find themselves forced to participate in a series of deadly "games" inside a barn. Meanwhile, the police investigate a new series of murders that fit the '' modus operandi'' of the eponymous Jigsaw Killer, who has been dead for almost a decade. ''Saw 3D'', released in 2010, was originally deemed the final installment of the series before Lionsgate commissioned the production of ''Jigsaw'' from a pitch by Stolberg and Goldfinger. Early development began in 2013 with production officially starting in 2016 on a budget of $10 million. The film was released by Lionsgate Films in the United States on October 27, 2017. ''Jigsaw'' received generally unfavorable reviews from cr ...
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The Spierig Brothers
Identical twin brothers Peter Spierig and Michael Spierig (), known collectively as the Spierig Brothers, are German-Australian film directors, film producer, producers, and screenwriters. They are best known for their 2014 science fiction film, sci-fi thriller, ''Predestination (film), Predestination''. Film career Peter and Michael made their directing debut in 2003 with ''Undead (film), Undead'', a low-budget zombie horror-comedy film, after they agreed on pooling together their life savings. It won a prize for Best Visual Effects at the Australian Film Institute Awards, and screened at 17 film festivals, including Edinburgh Film Festival, Edinburgh, Montreal World Film Festival, Montreal, Toronto International Film Festival, Toronto, Sitges, Berlin Film Festival, Berlin, Amsterdam and Puchon. At the Melbourne International Film Festival, the International Federation of Film Critics awarded ''Undead'' the prestigious FIPRESCI Award. The film was sold to 41 countries, and w ...
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Modus Operandi
A ''modus operandi'' (often shortened to M.O.) is someone's habits of working, particularly in the context of business or criminal investigations, but also more generally. It is a Latin phrase, approximately translated as "mode (or manner) of operating". Term The term is often used in police work when discussing crime and addressing the methods employed by criminals. It is also used in criminal profiling, where it can help in finding clues to the offender's psychology. It largely consists of examining the actions used by the individuals to execute the crime, prevent its detection and facilitate escape.Douglas, J. E. and A. W. Burgess, A. G. Burgess, R. K. Ressler. ''Crime classification manual'' (John Wiley & Sons, 2006) , p. 19-21. A suspect's ''modus operandi'' can assist in their identification, apprehension, or repression, and can also be used to determine links between crimes.Berg, B.L. ''Criminal Investigation'' ( McGraw Hill, 2008) In business, ''modus operandi'' is us ...
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Laser Cutters
Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to vaporize materials, resulting in a cut edge. While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is now used by schools, small businesses, architecture, and hobbyists. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high-power laser most commonly through optics. The laser optics and CNC (computer numerical control) is used to direct the laser beam to the material. A commercial laser for cutting materials uses a motion control system to follow a CNC or G-code of the pattern to be cut onto the material. The focused laser beam is directed at the material, which then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish. History In 1965, the first production laser cutting machine was used to drill holes in diamond dies. This machine was made by the Western Electric Engineering Research Center. In 1967, the British pioneered laser-assisted oxyge ...
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Infanticide
Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants or offspring. Infanticide was a widespread practice throughout human history that was mainly used to dispose of unwanted children, its main purpose is the prevention of resources being spent on weak or disabled offspring. Unwanted infants were normally abandoned to die of exposure, but in some societies they were deliberately killed. Infanticide is now widely illegal, but in some places the practice is tolerated or the prohibition is not strictly enforced. Most Stone Age human societies routinely practiced infanticide, and estimates of children killed by infanticide in the Mesolithic and Neolithic eras vary from 15 to 50 percent. Infanticide continued to be common in most societies after the historical era began, including ancient Greece, ancient Rome, the Phoenicians, ancient China, ancient Japan, Aboriginal Australia, Native Americans, and Native Alaskans. Infanticide became forbidden in Europe and the ...
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Fandom
A fandom is a subculture composed of fans characterized by a feeling of empathy and camaraderie with others who share a common interest. Fans typically are interested in even minor details of the objects of their fandom and spend a significant portion of their time and energy involved with their interest, often as a part of a social network with particular practices, differentiating fandom-affiliated people from those with only a casual interest. A fandom can grow around any area of human interest or activity. The subject of fan interest can be narrowly defined, focused on something like an individual celebrity, or encompassing entire hobbies, genres or fashions. While it is now used to apply to groups of people fascinated with any subject, the term has its roots in those with an enthusiastic appreciation for sports. Merriam-Webster's dictionary traces the usage of the term back as far as 1903. Many fandoms overlap. There are a number of large conventions that cater to fando ...
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Silo
A silo (from the Greek σιρός – ''siros'', "pit for holding grain") is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in agriculture to store fermented feed known as silage, not to be confused with a grain bin, which is used to store grains. Silos are commonly used for bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black, woodchips, food products and sawdust. Three types of silos are in widespread use today: tower silos, bunker silos, and bag silos. Types of silos Tower silo Storage silos are cylindrical structures, typically 10 to 90 ft (3 to 27 m) in diameter and 30 to 275 ft (10 to 90 m) in height with the slipform and Jumpform concrete silos being the larger diameter and taller silos. They can be made of many materials. Wood staves, concrete staves, cast concrete, and steel panels have all been used, and have varying cost, durability, and airtightness tradeoffs. Silos storing grain, cement and woodchips are typically unloaded wit ...
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Saline (medicine)
Saline (also known as saline solution) is a mixture of sodium chloride (salt) and water. It has a number of uses in medicine including cleaning wounds, removal and storage of contact lenses, and help with dry eyes. By injection into a vein it is used to treat dehydration such as that from gastroenteritis and diabetic ketoacidosis. Large amounts may result in fluid overload, swelling, acidosis, and high blood sodium. In those with long-standing low blood sodium, excessive use may result in osmotic demyelination syndrome. Saline is in the crystalloid family of medications. It is most commonly used as a sterile 9 g of salt per litre (0.9%) solution, known as normal saline. Higher and lower concentrations may also occasionally be used. Saline is acidic, with a pH of 5.5 (due mainly to dissolved carbon dioxide). The medical use of saline began around 1831. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2020, sodium was the 274th most c ...
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Hanging
Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Hanging as method of execution is unknown, as method of suicide from 1325. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain "hanging". Hanging has been a common method of capital punishment since medieval times, and is the primary execution method in numerous countries and regions. The first known account of execution by hanging was in Homer's ''Odyssey'' (Book XXII). In this specialised meaning of the common word ''hang'', the past and past participle is ''hanged'' instead of ''hung''. Hanging is a common method of suicide in which a person applies a ligature to the neck and brings about unconsciousness and then death by suspension or partial suspension. Methods of judicial hanging ...
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Asthmatic
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These may occur a few times a day or a few times per week. Depending on the person, asthma symptoms may become worse at night or with exercise. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers. Diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time, and spirometry lung function testing. Asthma is classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. It may also be classified as atopic or non-atopic, wher ...
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Snatch Theft
Snatch theft is a criminal act, common in Southeast Asia, South America, and Southern Europe, of forcefully stealing a pedestrian's personal property by employing rob-and-run tactics. Description It is typical for two thieves to work together and ride a motorcycle, moped, or other type of motorbike to make theft and escape easier. One person steers the vehicle while another, the snatcher, does the act of theft itself. However, some snatch thieves work alone or do not use a vehicle to escape. Argentina In Argentina this form of robbery increased by 118% between the years 2008 and 2009, possibly because motorbikes have become a lot cheaper and more accessible to the public. In that country, the perpetrators are called ''motochorros'', a neologism from the words ''moto'' (motorcycle) and ''chorro'' (a vulgar term for "thief"). Indonesia In Indonesia, snatchers who usually operate while riding motorcycles are locally known as ''jambret''. Malaysia A growing problem in Malaysia, so ...
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John Kramer (Saw Character)
John Kramer (colloquially known as "The Jigsaw Killer" or simply "Jigsaw") is a Character (arts), fictional character and the main antagonist of the Saw (franchise), ''Saw'' franchise. Jigsaw made his debut in the first film of the series, ''Saw (2004 film), Saw'', and appears in all subsequent sequels, with the exception of ''Spiral (2021 film), Spiral''. He is portrayed by American actor Tobin Bell. In the series' narrative, John is a former civil engineer dying from an inoperable frontal lobe Neoplasm, tumor that had developed from colon cancer. After a suicide attempt, John found a new appreciation for his life, and dedicated the rest of his life to inspiring the same appreciation in others by testing their will to live. His methods include forcing his subjects through deadly scenarios, which he refers to as "games" or "tests", in which they are forced to inflict pain upon themselves or others in order to escape. These tests are typically symbolic of what Jigsaw perceives a ...
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Triggering Device
A Triggering device is an electronic circuit, such as a Schmitt trigger, which is used to control another electronic circuit. Uses In many of industrial operations, the delivery of a variable and controlled amount of electrical power is necessary. The most common of these operations include electric lighting, electric motor speed control, electric welding, and electric heating. Although it is always possible to control the amount of electrical power delivered to a load by using a variable transformer to create a variable secondary output voltage, these transformers are physically large and expensive and need frequent maintenance (in high power ratings). There are other methods of controlling power to a load, but they are mostly not available for high power applications. Since 1961, an alternative method, using thyristors, has been in use. Both silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) and TRIACs are members of the thyristor family. The term thyristor includes all the semiconductor dev ...
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